Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Oxidative stress, driven by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, is a key contributor to aging and chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Green and black tea contain polyphenolic compounds that exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review parallelly compares the different molecular mechanisms by which black and green tea regulate oxidative stress, including direct ROS scavenging, activation of endogenous antioxidant pathways (e.g., Nrf2/ARE), inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes and inflammatory signaling, metal ion chelation, mitochondrial protection, and modulation of autophagy and metabolic reprogramming. Comparative analysis highlights the unique roles of green and black tea in oxidative stress regulation, supported in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence. This review underscores the promise of tea polyphenols as natural antioxidants for preventing and managing oxidative stress-related diseases, while emphasizing the need for precision dosing and targeted interventions to optimize their clinical utility.

Objective: Given that the potential joint effects of physical activity (PA) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain unclear, this study aimed to investigate both the independent and combined associations between DII, PA, and DKD in U.S. adults, thereby providing theoretical evidence for the synergistic impact of lifestyle factors on DKD.

Methods: Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database between 2009 and 2018. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the independent and combined associations between PA, DII, and DKD. The interaction between PA and DII was assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted by smoking status, sex, hypertension, and age.

Results: A total of 3680 individuals with diabetes were included. Both inactive PA (OR = 1.330, 95% CI: 1.091-1.662) and a higher DII (OR = 1.353, 95% CI: 1.072-1.708) were associated with a higher DKD prevalence. Individuals with inactive PA and higher DII were associated with the highest OR (OR = 1.809, 95% CI: 1.380-2.370). A significant synergistic interaction between PA and DII was observed. When PA was active, a higher DII was still associated with an increased DKD prevalence (OR = 1.524, 95% CI: 1.058-2.196). Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations in males (OR = 1.850, 95% CI: 1.170-2.925), adults aged ≥ 65 years (OR = 2.012, 95% CI: 1.090-3.712), never smokers (OR = 1.771, 95% CI: 1.096-2.861), former smokers (OR = 1.914, 95% CI: 1.116-3.141), and hypertensive individuals (OR = 1.474, 95% CI: 1.016-2.139).

Conclusion: Inactive PA and a high DII were independently and jointly associated with an elevated DKD prevalence. Combining increased PA with a low-inflammatory diet may be more effective in reducing the likelihood of developing DKD than focusing on either factor alone, particularly among men, older adults, never-smokers, former smokers, and patients with hypertension.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis involves the cross-links between inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation leading to irreversible airflow limitation. The metabolic vulnerability index (MVX) integrates inflammation and metabolic malnutrition related metabolic biomarkers that may reflect these underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to assess the associations of MVX score with risk of incident COPD and lung function in the UK Biobank.

Methods: The sex-specific MVI score was developed as a composite biomarker, which integrates six nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based plasma biomarkers, including glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), small high-density lipoprotein particles (sHDL), citrate, and the branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine). Multivariable Cox or linear regression model was used to assess the association of MVX score with risk of COPD and lung function level, respectively.

Results: A total of 240,873 participants were included. The results showed that per 1-SD increase in MVX score was associated with a 19% increased risk of COPD (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.21). Furthermore, compared to low MVX score group (Q1), high MVX score group (Q4) was associated with 55% increased risk of COPD (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.45, 1.66). Furthermore, per 1-SD increase in MVX score was associated with decreased lung function level, including FVC (β: -67.55, 95% CI: -71.36, -63.74) and FEV1 (β: -52.24, 95% CI: -55.34, -49.14). Compared to low MVX score group (Q1), high MVX score group (Q4) was also associated with lower FVC (β: -174.78, 95% CI: -185.47, -164.10) and FEV1 (β: -135.72, 95% CI: -144.42, -127.02) levels. Furthermore, we observed the significant dose-response relationship between MVX score and COPD risk and lung function level.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that higher MVX score, reflecting inflammation and metabolic malnutrition, is significantly associated with increased COPD risk and impaired lung function. These findings suggest that MVX score may help identify high-risk individuals for early intervention.

Objective: The associations between a diet that associated with maintaining a healthy gut microbiota and muscle mass, as well as the role of inflammation in these associations, remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and muscle mass, and to explore whether the systemic inflammation index (SII) mediates these associations.

Methods: A total of 6,908 participants, aged 20 to 59 years, from the 2010-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were included in this cross-sectional study. The DI-GM was calculated based on the dietary intake of 13 foods or nutrients, with a higher score indicating a diet associated with a healthier gut microbiota. Muscle mass was assessed using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which was calculated by dividing the appendicular lean mass by the square of height. The SII was calculated by multiplying the platelet count and neutrophil count, and then dividing by the lymphocyte count. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between DI-GM and SMI. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the role of SII in mediating the association between DI-GM and SMI.

Results: Each 1-point increase in DI-GM was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.04) increase in SMI. The stratified analyses revealed that, with the exception of alcohol consumption, age, gender, race, marital status, education level, income level, smoking status, physical activity, BMI categories, and the history of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer did not modify the association between DI-GM and SMI (P values for all interaction terms >0.05). The positive association between DI-GM and SMI were more pronounced among non-drinkers when comparing the highest quintile to the lowest quintile (β: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.43). SII partially mediated the associations between DI-GM and SMI, with a mediation proportion of 11.6%.

Conclusion: DI-GM was positively associated SMI, with SII partially mediating this association. These findings suggested that a diet associated with maintaining a healthy gut microbiota may help prevent muscle mass loss by reducing systemic inflammation.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia has increased globally. Postbiotics as non-viable microbial products or metabolites, have recently emerged as potential modulators of metabolic health due to their anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of postbiotics on metabolic health.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized data from 25 RCTs assessing the effects of postbiotic supplementation on metabolic parameters. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to June 2025. Outcomes included glycemic indices, anthropometric measures, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and blood pressure.

Results: Postbiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum insulin levels (WMD: - 2.76 µU/mL), triglycerides (TG) (-8.46 mg/dL), waist circumference (WC) (-1.47 cm), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (-0.99 mg/L). However, changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, other profile lipids, blood pressure as well as weight and body mass index (BMI) were not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses revealed more pronounced benefits in younger participants, bacterial-based formulations, and interventions longer than 8 weeks. Risk of bias was low to moderate, and no major publication bias was detected.

Conclusion: Postbiotic supplementation demonstrates modest but clinically relevant benefits on insulin sensitivity, central adiposity, TG, and systemic inflammation. These effects suggest a promising adjunctive role for postbiotics in metabolic health interventions, though further trials with standardized formulations and longer durations are warranted.

The increasing global rates of obesity underscore the need to investigate its impact on infant health. Breast milk, crucial for infant nutrition, varies in composition due to maternal obesity during pregnancy. Research reveals that obese or overweight mothers tend to have higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) levels, like palmitic and myristic acids, while stearic acid levels are lower. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly oleic acid in milk, decline in obesity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), essential for infant brain and nervous system development, show imbalances in obese mothers, with an increased omega-6 (ω-6): omega-3 (ω-3) ratio and reduced levels of key ω-3 fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These changes could disrupt normal immune and nervous system development in infants. This review highlights the critical impact of maternal obesity on breast milk quality.