Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Background: The prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is high. However, there are few studies on the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) and caloric restriction (CR) in MAFLD.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of 4 h TRF and 60% CR in MAFLD.

Methods: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the Normal group (normal diet, 10 kcal% fat), while the remaining 38 rats were assigned to the MAFLD group (high-fat diet, 60 kcal% fat). 10 weeks later, the MAFLD group was randomly divided into the 4 h TRF, 60% CR, 4 h TRF + 60% CR, and Model groups; all rats were then given normal diet. After 4 weeks, weight, blood lipid, and other indicators were detected.

Results: After the high-fat diet was discontinued, the liver lipid levels in the rat with MAFLD significantly reduced, while the body weight was not significantly changed. The rats in the Model group were heavier than those in the other four groups (p < 0.01). The triglyceride levels were higher in the TRF + CR group compared with the Model group (p < 0.01). Compared with the Model group, 110 metabolites were decreased in the TRF + CR group, and 83 metabolites were elevated in liver. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that the mechanism involved the proliferator-activated receptor alpha signaling pathway, metabolic pathway, and so on. We observed differences in silent information regulator transcript 1 (SIRT1) mRNA levels in all five groups (p = 0.003).

Conclusions: 4 h TRF and 60% CR significantly reduced body weight and liver lipid in rats with MAFLD. 4 h TRF can improve MAFLD, and there is no need to excessively restrict food intake.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between remnant cholesterol and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in an adult population in the United States.

Methods: Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database during 2017-2020. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol and the risk of MAFLD. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed. To further investigate the possible non-linear relationship between remnant cholesterol and MAFLD, a restricted cubic spline was used.

Results: Among the included 3633 participants, the prevalence rate of MAFLD was 34.56%. After full adjustment, higher remnant cholesterol was associated with the risk of MAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.06; P = 0.02), and compared with the lowest quartile of remnant cholesterol, the highest quartile of remnant cholesterol was more likely to be associated with MAFLD (OR, 3.70; 95%CI, 2.37,5.76; P < 0.0001). A non-linear relationship between remnant cholesterol and MAFLD was found in the restricted cubic spline regression model, suggesting that the risk of MAFLD initially increased rapidly and then gradually slowed down.

Conclusion: Remnant cholesterol was identified as a potential risk factor for MAFLD, and a non-linear relationship between remnant cholesterol and the prevalence of MAFLD was detected. Large-scale, high-quality prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Purpose: Polyphenolic plant extracts have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects in vitro, however their meaningful translation into humans remains elusive. Urolithin A (UA), a gut-derived metabolite of ellagitannins, has shown promise for improving muscle function and metabolic health in rodent models. This study aimed to explore the impact of UA on insulin and anabolic sensitivity in human skeletal muscle cells.

Methods: Primary human myogenic cultures were derived from skeletal muscle biopsies of eight healthy adults. After differentiation, myotubes were treated with 0.002, 1 and 50 µM UA or vehicle for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using a resazurin assay. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured using tritiated deoxy-D-glucose, whilst amino acid-stimulated protein synthesis was estimated using the surface sensing of translation (SuNSET) technique. Expression of myostatin and glucose transporters was quantified via real-time PCR.

Results: UA treatment at ≤ 50 µM did not compromise cell viability. Treatment with 50 µM UA enhanced both basal- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 21% (P < 0.05) and 24% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to vehicle and was accompanied by a 1.8-fold upregulation of GLUT4 expression (P < 0.01). 50 µM UA reduced myostatin (MSTN) expression by 14% (P < 0.01) but did not alter amino acid-stimulated global cell protein synthesis.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence of UA's metabolic benefits in primary human myotubes, notably improving basal- and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and supressing MSTN expression. These findings suggest UA could be an effective nutraceutical for mitigating insulin resistance and warrants further investigation.

Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) comprised overweight/obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We aimed to describe the overlap prevalence and synergistic interaction of the five CMRFs on MASLD and liver fibrosis.

Methods: Using data of 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included non-pregnant participants aged ≥ 20 years who completed vibration-controlled transient elastography examinations and had sufficient information to determine their metabolic status. Logistic and generalized linear regression models were performed to assess synergistic interaction between CMRFs on MASLD and identify the contributions to liver fibrosis.

Results: The overall estimated prevalence of MASLD was about 33.1%. More than 80% of patients had three or more CMRFs. For MASLD, synergistic interaction between pairs of overweight/obesity and other four CMRFs were higher than it between other CMRFs' pairs [attributable proportion(AP): 40-50% vs 20-30%]. For liver fibrosis, overweight/obesity and impaired glucose metabolism or hypertension had significant synergistic interactions (AP: 50% or 30%, respectively). We identified 27 out of 31 possible CMRF combinations. Combinations including dyslipidemia were more frequent in men than women (77% vs 59%). Combinations including hypertension were less in Mexican Americans than other ethnicities (25% vs 45-57%). Most combinations with three or more CMRFs, regardless of overlap type, had significant associations with elevated liver stiffness value.

Conclusions: CMRF overlap was quite common and had additive interaction in patients with MASLD. Overlapping number may be more important than combination type in liver fibrosis development.

In recent years Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) gained a lot of interest as an adaptogen, aiding sleep, stress management and presenting health and sports-related benefits. Although clinical effects have been previously reviewed, the specific mechanism of Ashwagandha's action and its impact on different aspects of physical performance, body composition, as well as medical effects need more thorough analysis. Therefore, this narrative review delves into the available research examining the effects of Ashwagandha supplementation on such qualities as: strength, endurance, power, recovery, muscle mass, body fat, fertility, anxiety, metabolic health and aging, with additional focus on potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Moreover, we propose future perspectives based on the gaps observed in Ashwagandha research up to date.

Background and objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constituent comorbidities, along with mineral imbalances, pose a significant health burden in the Qatari population. Although Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) have been individually linked to MetS, the impact of the calcium-to-magnesium ratio (Ca: Mg) on MetS remains unclear, especially in the adult population of Qatar. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between the total serum concentrations of Ca, Mg and Ca: Mg ratio with the outcome of MetS.

Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional study included data on 9693 participants collected by Qatar Biobank (QBB). The serum levels of Mg and Ca, in addition to recorded metabolic parameters for the study participants, were used in the analyses. The presence of MetS was deemed as our primary outcome and its components as secondary outcomes. Logistic regression models were run to examine these associations.

Results and conclusion: MetS was present in more than 19% of the population. The mean serum Mg was higher in the non-MetS group 0.83 ± 0.06 mmol/L compared to the MetS group 0.81 ± 0.08 mmol/L. Conversely, the mean serum Ca and Ca: Mg ratio were higher in the MetS group (2.33 ± 0.09 mmol/L, 2.92 ± 0.36 mmol/L) compared to the non-MetS group (2.30 ± 0.08 mmol/L, 2.77 ± 0.23 mmol/L) respectively. In the context of MetS, we observed a negative dose-response relationship between Mg quartiles and MetS. In contrast, we found a positive association between Ca as well as Ca: Mg ratio and MetS.

Background: This study aims to explore the interplay between body mass index (BMI), neutrophils, triglyceride levels, and uric acid (UA). Understanding the causal correlation between UA and health indicators, specifically its association with the body's inflammatory conditions, is crucial for preventing and managing various diseases.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 4,286 cases utilizing the Spearman correlation method. BMI, neutrophil count, and triglyceride levels were determined as key exposure factors. To further investigate the causal correlation, a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) design was utilized, leveraging data from genome-wide association study (GWAS). Within this framework, and multivariable Mendelian randomization(MVMR) was applied to explore the linkage between multiple genetic variants and complex traits.

Results: The study primarily focused on UA, employing genetic variation as a natural tool to assess the causal impact of various factors on UA. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant association between UA and BMI (ρ = 0.230,p<0.01), neutrophils (ρ = 0.164,p<0.01), and triglyceride levels (ρ = 0.154,p<0.01). Additionally, two-sample MR analysis affirmed a reciprocal causal association between neutrophils and UA (OR = 1.035,95%CI:1.009-1.061,p = 0.008), as well as positive causal connection between UA and both BMI (OR = 1.083,95%CI:1.042-1.126,p<0.001) and triglyceride levels (OR = 1.090,95%CI:1.037-1.146,p<0.001). Neutrophils also demonstrated a positive causal linkage with BMI (OR = 1.034,95%CI:1.009-1.078,p = 0.012) and triglyceride levels (OR = 1.077,95%CI:1.033-1.122,p<0.001), and BMI exhibited a similar causal association with triglyceride levels (OR = 1.300,95%CI:1.212-1.385,p<0.001). These findings shed light on the causal networks connecting UA, BMI, neutrophils, and triglyceride levels. By integrating Spearman correlation analysis with various MR study designs, this study provided a robust framework for identifying key factors influencing hyperuricemia and related health issues, thereby enhancing our understanding of the interplay between inflammatory markers and these health indicators.

Conclusions: Our study presents strong evidence of the complex interconnection between BMI, neutrophils, triglyceride, and UA, revealing complex causal links and highlighting potential inflammatory states as key mediators. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of these factors and potentially lead to improved clinical outcomes and patients' health.

Background: Sarcopenia, a prevalent muscle disorder in the older adults, is characterized by accelerated loss of muscle mass and function, contributing to increased risks of falls, functional decline, and mortality. The relationship between dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) and sarcopenia, however, remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 cohort, which included 8,240 participants, aged 47.2 ± 17.6 years (48.6% male, 51.4% female). The participants were selected from geographic locations across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, using a stratified, multistage probability sampling design to collect health and nutritional data representative of the civilian, non-institutionalized U.S.

Population: We employed the generalized additive model to identify potential non-linear relationships and utilized the two-piecewise linear regression model to investigate the association between DOBS and sarcopenia in American adults.

Results: Participants were categorized into quartiles based on their DOBS, and sarcopenia was diagnosed in 702 individuals (8.5%). In the unadjusted model, DOBS exhibited a significant negative correlation with sarcopenia (β = 0.97, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.96 to 0.99, P < 0.001). This association remained consistent in the model with minimal adjustment for age and gender (β = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98, P < 0.001) and in the fully adjusted model including additional covariates (β = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, we identified a non-linear association DOBS and sarcopenia, with an inflection point at 23. The effect sizes and CIs to the left and right of the inflection point were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.09 to 2.41, P = 0.016) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.98, P < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of this relationship across various demographic and health-related variables.

Conclusions: This research provides new insights into the association between diet quality, as assessed by DOBS, and sarcopenia, reinforcing the critical role of a balanced, antioxidant-rich diet in adult muscle.

Background: The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been controversial. This study focused on the relationship between the prevalence of MetS and serum vitamin D levels in middle-aged and elderly people.

Methods: This study included middle-aged and older adults who participated in the 2023 Zhejiang Provincial Nutrition and Health Survey, which was conducted in 90 districts and counties in Zhejiang Province, China.

Results: A total of 11,305 participants were included in this study. MetS was prevalent in 31.7% of participants. Vitamin D and vitamin D₃ concentrations were inversely associated with MetS prevalence (P_trend<0.05), but not with vitamin D₂, regardless of whether logistic regression models were adjusted for confounding factors. After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity level, smoking status, education level, annual per capita household income, and body mass index residuals, the highest tertile (Q3) of vitamin D (odds ratio [OR], 0.779; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.702-0.865) and vitamin D₃ (OR, 0.787; 95% CI, 0.709-0.875) concentrations had a lower risk of MetS than the lowest tertile (Q1). We found that vitamin D and D₃ levels were correlated with age (P_interaction<0.05). When age-stratified analyses were performed, vitamin D and vitamin D3 levels were significantly negatively associated with MetS in older adults but not in middle-aged adults.

Conclusions: Low total serum vitamin D and vitamin D₃ levels were associated with a higher risk of MetS in adults aged 60 years and older.

Background: Persistent inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aimed to scrutinize the associations of diet-induced inflammation with the improvement or worsening of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in MASLD.

Methods: This longitudinal study involved 2,537 participants from the Ravanser Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort (2015-2023). Dietary intake was assessed using the 118-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and diet-induced inflammation was determined using the dietary inflammatory index (DII). The AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) were used as confirmed predictive indicators for hepatic fibrosis and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was used for hepatic steatosis.

Results: Adherence to an inflammatory diet independently increases the risk of worsening hepatic steatosis (RR:1.39; 95%CI: 1.02-1.93; P-value: 0.04) and reduces the risk of improving hepatic steatosis (RR: 66; 95% CI: 0.48-0.98; P-value: 0.01) compared to an anti-inflammatory diet. The DII scores did not show any connection to hepatic fibrosis, as determined by FIB-4 (β: - 1.08; 95%CI: - 2.43 to 0.27; P-value: 0.12) and APRI (β: 0.22; 95%CI: - 1.51 to 1.95; P-value: 0.80).

Conclusions: These results underscore the importance of dietary composition in managing hepatic steatosis and highlight the need for further research to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.