Nutrition & Metabolism最新文献

Background: The objective of this cohort study was to assess the predictive value of main arterial markers for cardiovascular death in middle-aged subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study analyzed data from 5829 metabolic syndrome subjects without overt cardiovascular disease aged between 40 and 64 years and enrolled in the Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk primary prevention program. Initial assessment comprised the evaluation of aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid stiffness index, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), aortic augmentation index adjusted for a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIXHR75), and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD).

Results: During the mean follow-up period of 6.35 ± 2.99 years, 170 subjects (2.9%) had died, with 41 out of these deaths (24.1%) related to cardiovascular causes. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed associations between cardiovascular deaths and increases in aPWV (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58, p < 0.001), CAVI (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50, p = 0.002), and cIMT (HR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, p = 0.003), as well as a decrease in ABI (HR 0.020, 95% CI 0.001-0.359, p = 0.008). However, after adjustment for age and gender, only aPWV remained a statistically significant predictor. Common survival tree analysis foregrounded the predictive significance of C-reactive protein (CRP), as the primary variable associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, followed by aPWV and smoking as secondary and tertiary variables. The analysis also demonstrated sex-related differences: in women, the primary predictive variable was aPWV, whereas in men, CRP was identified as the primary variable, followed by CAVI and cIMT.

Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that, among the markers of subclinical arterial damage, an increase in both aPWV and CAVI has a statistically significant predictive value for cardiovascular mortality in the middle-aged subjects with MetS. However, only aPWV demonstrated predictive value that was independent of age and gender.

Background: Numerous studies indicate that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. This study aims to assess the distinguishing value of novel obesity markers, specifically lipid accumulation products (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI), in relation to MetS. Considering the gender disparity in MetS prevalence, it is essential to explore whether LAP and CMI exhibit differential distinguishing capabilities by gender.

Method: The investigation included a total of 11,687 qualified individuals who participated in the NHANES survey spanning a 14-year period from 2005 to 2018. Biochemical analysis of blood and body measurements were utilized to determine LAP and CMI values for each participant. Inclusion of gender as a variable was a key factor in the examination of all data. Restricted cube plots (RCS) were utilized to analyze the strength of the relationship between LAP, CMI, and MetS. The study delved into potential connections between LAP and CMI with MetS, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality using various statistical models such as multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression.

Results: The findings revealed a significant nonlinear association between CMI, LAP, and MetS (P-non-linear < 0.001), irrespective of gender, with all models exhibiting a J-shaped trend. The multivariable logistic regression analysis considered both LAP and CMI as continuous variables or tertiles, revealing significant associations with MetS in male, female, and general populations (All the P < 0.001). Although males displayed a higher risk of MetS, no gender differences were observed in the area under the curve (AUC) values of LAP and CMI for distinguishing (P > 0.005) MetS. Impressively, LAP and CMI were identified as the primary predictors of MetS in both genders from AUC (P < 0.005). More specifically, the cutoff points for distinguishing MetS in females were LAP = 49.87 or CMI = 0.56, while for males, they were LAP = 52.76 or CMI = 0.70. Additionally, the Cox regression analysis revealed that LAP and CMI were correlated with all-cause mortality in both general population and females (P < 0.005), but not in males.

Conclusion: In comparison to other measures of obesity, LAP and CMI demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for MetS in both males and females. Additionally, LAP and CMI were found to be predictive of all-cause mortality in both general population and females. These markers are cost-effective, easily accessible, and widely applicable for the early identification and screening of MetS in clinical settings.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) 2023 both recently updated the equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using cystatin C; however, little is known about the benefits of using the equations for the risk stratification of health outcomes. We conducted this longitudinal study to compare the cystatin C CKD-EPI and EKFC equations to track the risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults.

Methods: We used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2018. Adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline functions were used to evaluate the relationships of cystatin C-based eGFR values with incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Results: A total of 6 496 participants were finally included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.6 (± 9.5) years, including 2996 (46.1%) males. There were 473 deaths and 1996 cases of cardiovascular disease observed during a maximum follow-up of 7.0 years. Using cystatin C-based CKD-EPI equation, people of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² had an increased risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR], 1.527; 95% CI, 1.068-2.178) and incident cardiovascular disease (RR, 1.363; 95% CI, 1.006-1.844), compared to those of eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m². On the contrary, we did not observe significant associations of eGFR levels by EKFC equation with mortality nor cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions: The findings indicated that cystatin C-based eGFR using CKD-EPI equation is more closely associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease compared to EKFC equation among Chinese adults. The cystatin C-based eGFR by CKD-EPI equation should be monitored in health practice, which needs further validation in other populations.

Background: Circadian eating patterns and chrono-nutrition may influence obesity and disease incidence. Thus, this study aimed to assess the mediating role of obesity in the relationship between meal-specific dietary patterns (DPs), chrono-nutritional components, and cardiometabolic risk using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 825 Iranian adults was conducted. Dietary intake was recorded using three 24-h dietary recalls. The morning-evening questionnaire was completed. Meal timing, frequency of eating occasions, and irregular energy scores were derived from dietary recalls. Principal component analysis identified DPs for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and laboratory investigations, including fasting glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels, were performed. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model, and triglyceride and glucose indices were calculated.

Results: The final SEM showed, that the "oil, egg, and cereals" DPs at breakfast were directly associated with lipids [β (95% CI); 0.105 (0.007-0.203)]. The "oil, dairy, potato, and egg" DPs at lunch were indirectly linked to increased lipids [0.156 (0.040-0.271), BP (0.338 (0.226-0.449)], and insulin indices [0.208 (0.188-0.277)]. At dinner, the "cereal, oil, poultry, and legume" DPs was directly related to lower BP [- 0.095 (- 0.179 to - 0.012)]. The frequency of eating was directly related to lipid levels (- 0.101 (- 0.193 to - 0.008)]. An irregular energy score was not related to outcomes.

Conclusion: More frequent meals and healthier DPs, especially at dinner, were linked to better cardiometabolic outcomes, with obesity mediating some effects. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.

Supplementing with antioxidants may be one of the most efficient means of minimizing oxidative stress during workouts in obese individuals. The aim of this study is to identify the results after twelve weeks of CrossFit workouts combined with Spinach thylakoid extract on the levels of insulin resistance (insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]), fasting blood sugar (FBS), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in obese males. Sixty-eight males with an average age of 27 ± 8 yrs and a BMI of 32.6 ± 2.6 kg.m^- 2 were randomly split into four groups each consisting of seventeen individuals. : control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and training + supplement group (TSG). After initial assessments, the two training groups (TG and TSG) started on a 12 weeks of the CrossFit workouts program involving three sessions per week each lasting up to 60 min. Participants in supplement groups ingested 30 min before lunch, 5 gof Spinach thylakoid extract per day or one sachet of raw corn starch in the control group. Baseline and post-intervention measurements were performed 48 h pre- and post-last session, respectively. The findings revealed noteworthy relationships between the exercise groups and timefor TAC, SOD, GPx, MDA, CK, and LDH (p < 0.001, ES: 0.88, 0.88, 0.8, 0.4, 0.7, and 0.7, respectively). In addition, there were statistically significant differences among study groups after attending the intervention program in TAC (ES: 0.88), SOD (ES: 0.92), GPX (ES: 0.85), MDA (ES: 0.5), CK (ES: 0.7) and LDH (ES: 0.8). The effect sizes of insulin (0.77), glucose (0.21), and HOMA-IR (0.44) varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the groups. The results demonstrated that CrossFit workouts for 12 weeks combined with Spinach thylakoid extract in men with obesity may prevent oxidative damage caused by obesity and CrossFit workouts.

Background: Although caffeine (CAF) supplementation has been shown to improve exercise performance, its dose-dependent effect on CAF metabolism has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3, 6 and 9 mg of CAF/kg_BM on changes of CAF and paraxanthine (PRX) in the serum and saliva at four time-points.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, acute pre-exercise supplementation in 26 moderately-trained athletes, participating in high-intensity functional training (HIFT), was examined. The study protocol involved CAF/PRX biochemical analyses of serum and saliva with respect to CYP1A2 polymorphism and CYP1A2 enzyme activity.

Results: Despite significant differences between the serum and saliva levels of CAF and PRX, there was no difference in the PRX/CAF ratio. The interaction effect of dose and time-points for PRX concentration was revealed. The main effects of dose were observed for CAF and the PRX/CAF ratio. The main effect of time-points was registered only for serum CAF.

Conclusions: Dose- and time-dependent effect of CAF supplementation on CAF and PRX in the serum and saliva of athletes was confirmed, but there was no effect of the CAF dose on CYP1A2 enzyme activity, nor was there an interaction of CYP1A2 with enzyme inducibility. The CAF/PRX correlation indicated the possibility of interchangeable use of serum and/or saliva analyses in exercise studies.

Clinical trial registration: This trial was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03822663, registration date: 30/01/2019).

Metabolism reprogramming (MR) is one of the top ten hallmarks of malignant tumors. The aberrant activation of MR has been recognized as a critical contributory factor to the malignant progression of solid tumors. Moreover, various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the aberrant activation of MR in solid tumor cells. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focus on summarizing the functional relevance and molecular mechanistic underpinnings of lncRNAs in modulating MR of solid tumors by targeting glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, affecting mitochondrial function, and regulating interactions between tumor and non-tumor cells in tumor microenvironment. Besides, we also underscore the potential for constructing lncRNAs-centered tumor metabolic regulation networks and developing novel anti-tumor strategies by targeting lncRNAs and abnormal MR. Ultimately, this review seeks to offer new targets and avenues for the clinical treatment of solid tumors in the future.

Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered one of the chronic diseases that can have a relationship with age of menopause onset. Several studies have revealed that early menopause or late menopause can have a correlation with type-2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between the age of menopause onset and type-2 diabetes.

Methods and materials: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched for studies that have evaluated the relationship between T2DM and age of menopause onset. We pooled the effect sizes of the included studies using both adjusted odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) of interest outcomes with their 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: Nineteen papers were included in this study, 8 studies were cohorts, and 11 were cross sectional. Studies revealed a statistically significant association between early menopause age and increased odds of T2DM (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.40; I2 = 67%; p = 0.001). Late menopause age was also associated with an increased odds of T2DM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26; I2 = 56%; p = 0.01) compared to the reference group with normal menopausal age. As our secondary outcome, the hazard of developing T2DM in individuals with early or late menopausal age was assessed. Pooled analysis demonstrated a significantly higher hazard of T2DM among women with early menopause age (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05-1.64; I2 = 72%; p = 0.02). Late menopause age did not show a significant association (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.84-1.10; I2 = 68%; p = 0.56).

Conclusion: Early and late menopause can both increase the risk of T2DM. Future research is needed to warrant the certainty of our findings.

Background: White tea, derived from the Camellia sinensis plant like other teas, uses tender buds and young leaves and undergoes minimal processing. This results in higher levels of antioxidants and bioactive substances, which may enhance thermogenesis more effectively than other teas. This first human study aimed to investigate the acute effects of white tea consumption on resting energy expenditure (REE) and some vital signs, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and body temperature (BT).

Methods: Thirty-two healthy female volunteers with normal initial BP and whose caffeine intakes were < 300 mg/d were enrolled in the study. The caffeine and total phenolic content of white tea samples were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method and the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, respectively. After baseline measurements, participants consumed white tea containing 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of lean body mass, and the white tea was prepared with bottled drinking water at 80 °C and brewed for 3 min. REE, BP, and BT were assessed at various intervals (baseline, 30 min, 120 min, and 180 min) post-consumption of the white tea.

Results: The results revealed a significant increase in REE by 8.7% at 180 min after the consumption. In particular, there was a substantial difference in both values between the intervals of 30 min to 180 min and baseline to 180 min for REE (p < 0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption and BT also increased significantly over time (p < 0.05) and the observed increment in BT suggests a thermogenic effect associated with white tea consumption. However, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate showed no significant difference.

Conclusions: These findings suggest white tea consumption may acutely enhance REE and maximal oxygen consumption, so the results are promising for body weight management. This study is the first human study in the literature about the effects of white tea on energy expenditure and vital signs.

Background: With increasing age, the social and economic burdens of postmenopausal osteoporosis are steadily increasing. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Methods: Postmenopausal women at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 2023 to December 2023 were recruited for BMD examination. The patients were divided into a normal group, an osteopenia group and an osteoporosis group according to their T value. Questionnaires, including the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and Short Form 12, were administered through face-to-face interviews. Bone turnover markers and serum protein levels of Fasting venous blood were detected.

Results: A total of 222 postmenopausal women met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in age, education, BMI, supplementation with soy products, supplementation with dairy products, supplementation with other nutritional supplements, exercise frequency, gastrointestinal symptom score, quality of life, 25(OH)D, total protein, albumin and prealbumin among the three groups (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms (r = -0.518, P < 0.01) was negatively correlated with BMD in postmenopausal women, while PCS (r = 0.194, P = 0.004), MCS (r = 0.305, P < 0.01), 25(OH)D (r = 0.531, P < 0.01), total protein (r = 0.324, P < 0.01), albumin (r = 0.341, P < 0.01) and prealbumin (r = 0.259, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with BMD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both the gastrointestinal symptom score and serum 25(OH)D level were found to have a significant association with BMD (both P < 0.01). This association remained significant even after adjusting for age, BMI, education level, dietary habits, and exercise frequency.

Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms and serum 25(OH)D elevel are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and may be useful in predicting osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.