Uwaye Aiwerioghene, Nandom Benjamin, George A. Akpede, P. E. Ikhurionan
Patau syndrome is the third most common autosomal trisomy. It is the least common and most severe of the viable autosomal trisomies. This chromosomal disorder has a characteristic phenotype consisting of multiple congenital anomalies. We report an eight-week-old male infant who is the first child of a non-consanguineous marriage born at term with multiple congenital anomalies. He had an absent left eye and a sunken right eye, a cleft lip, a cleft palate, a mid-facial hypoplasia and a flat occiput. A cranial CT scan showed gross dilatation of both lateral and third ventricles with the absence of the septum pellucidum and fused frontal lobes. There was also marked attenuation of the cortical mantle.
{"title":"A Suspected Case of Patau Syndrome in an Eight-week-old Male Infant: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Uwaye Aiwerioghene, Nandom Benjamin, George A. Akpede, P. E. Ikhurionan","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Patau syndrome is the third most common autosomal trisomy. It is the least common and most severe of the viable autosomal trisomies. This chromosomal disorder has a characteristic phenotype consisting of multiple congenital anomalies. We report an eight-week-old male infant who is the first child of a non-consanguineous marriage born at term with multiple congenital anomalies. He had an absent left eye and a sunken right eye, a cleft lip, a cleft palate, a mid-facial hypoplasia and a flat occiput. A cranial CT scan showed gross dilatation of both lateral and third ventricles with the absence of the septum pellucidum and fused frontal lobes. There was also marked attenuation of the cortical mantle.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects an estimated 6 million preschool children in Nigeria and 20 million in Africa. The deficiency significantly increases childhood morbidity and mortality when associated with undernutrition. Objective: To determine the relationship between serum vitamin A levels, maternal education, and social status among undernourished Nigerian children. Methodology: This was a case-control, hospital-based, descriptive study of children aged 6-59 months carried out at the Institute of Child Health (ICH) Banzazzau, Zaria. The serum vitamin A level was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Values below a cut-off, usually taken as 0.70 µmol/L (20 µg/ dl) and 0.35 µmol/L (10 µg/dl), defined as low serum vitamin A and vitamin A deficiency, respectively. Results: Sixty-six children were recruited as the cases and age-matched controls. Eleven children in each group had low serum vitamin A levels. The three children with vitamin A deficiency belonged to the cases. The overall mean serum vitamin A for the cases was 59.4412.93µg/dl, while it was 59.90±14.06µg/dl for the controls. The overall mean serum vitamin A levels based on maternal education were 57.26±16.2µg/dl for the cases and 61.02±5.36µg/dl for the controls (p = 0.01). The overall mean serum vitamin A levels based on social class were 59.36±7.38µg/dl and 61.67±6.74µg/dl for the cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The lowest mean serum vitamin A levels for the cases were recorded in the younger age groups compared to the controls. Maternal educational levels and social class greatly influenced their children's serum vitamin A levels. Keywords: Childhood, Educational level, Retinol, Social class, Under-nutrition, Vitamin A. Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects an estimated 6 million preschool children in Nigeria and 20 million in Africa. The deficiency significantly increases childhood morbidity and mortality when associated with undernutrition. Objective: To determine the relationship between serum vitamin A levels, maternal education, and social status among undernourished Nigerian children. Methodology: This was a case-control, hospital-based, descriptive study of children aged 6-59 months carried out at the Institute of Child Health (ICH) Banzazzau, Zaria. The serum vitamin A level was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Values below a cut-off, usually taken as 0.70 µmol/L (20 µg/ dl) and 0.35 µmol/L (10 µg/dl), defined as low serum vitamin A and vitamin A deficiency, respectively. Results: Sixty-six children were recruited as the cases and age-matched controls. Eleven children in each group had low serum vitamin A levels. The three children with vitamin A deficiency belonged to the cases. The overall mean serum vitamin A for the cases was 59.4412.93µg/dl, while it was 59.90±14.06µg/dl for the controls. The overall mean serum vitamin A levels based on m
背景：据估计，尼日利亚有 600 万学龄前儿童缺乏维生素 A，非洲则有 2000 万。如果维生素 A 缺乏症与营养不良同时存在，则会大大增加儿童的发病率和死亡率。研究目的确定尼日利亚营养不良儿童的血清维生素 A 水平、母亲教育程度和社会地位之间的关系。研究方法：这是一项以医院为基础的病例对照描述性研究，研究对象是扎里亚班扎佐儿童健康研究所（ICH）的 6-59 个月大的儿童。采用高效液相色谱法检测血清维生素 A 水平。低于临界值（通常为 0.70 微摩尔/升（20 微克/分升）和 0.35 微摩尔/升（10 微克/分升））分别被定义为血清维生素 A 含量低和维生素 A 缺乏症。研究结果共招募了 66 名儿童作为病例和年龄匹配的对照组。每组中均有 11 名儿童血清维生素 A 含量偏低。三名维生素 A 缺乏症儿童属于病例。 病例的血清维生素 A 总平均值为 59.4412.93µg/dl，而对照组为 59.90±14.06µg/dl。根据母亲受教育程度，病例的血清维生素 A 总平均水平为 57.26±16.2µg/dl，对照组为 61.02±5.36µg/dl（P = 0.01）。根据社会阶层划分，病例和对照组的平均血清维生素 A 水平分别为 59.36±7.38µg/dl 和 61.67±6.74µg/dl（P = 0.01）。 结论与对照组相比，病例的平均血清维生素 A 水平在较年轻的年龄组最低。母亲的教育水平和社会阶层对其子女的血清维生素 A 水平有很大影响。关键词儿童教育水平 视黄醇 社会阶层 营养不良 维生素 A 背景维生素 A 缺乏症（VAD）影响着尼日利亚约 600 万名学龄前儿童和非洲 2000 万名儿童。如果维生素 A 缺乏症与营养不良相关联，则会大大增加儿童的发病率和死亡率。研究目的确定尼日利亚营养不良儿童的血清维生素 A 水平、母亲教育程度和社会地位之间的关系。研究方法：这是一项以医院为基础的病例对照描述性研究，研究对象是扎里亚班扎佐儿童健康研究所（ICH）的 6-59 个月大的儿童。采用高效液相色谱法检测血清维生素 A 水平。低于临界值（通常为 0.70 微摩尔/升（20 微克/分升）和 0.35 微摩尔/升（10 微克/分升））分别被定义为血清维生素 A 含量低和维生素 A 缺乏症。研究结果共招募了 66 名儿童作为病例和年龄匹配的对照组。每组中均有 11 名儿童血清维生素 A 含量偏低。三名维生素 A 缺乏症儿童属于病例。 病例的血清维生素 A 总平均值为 59.4412.93µg/dl，而对照组为 59.90±14.06µg/dl。根据母亲的教育程度，病例的血清维生素 A 总平均水平为 57.26±16.2µg/dl，对照组为 61.02±5.36µg/dl（P = 0.01）。根据社会阶层划分，病例和对照组的平均血清维生素 A 水平分别为 59.36±7.38µg/dl 和 61.67±6.74µg/dl（P = 0.01）。 结论与对照组相比，病例的平均血清维生素 A 水平在较年轻的年龄组最低。母亲的教育水平和社会阶层对其子女的血清维生素 A 水平有很大影响。
{"title":"Relationship Between Serum Vitamin A Levels and Maternal Education and Social Status Among Undernourished Children in Zaria","authors":"S. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects an estimated 6 million preschool children in Nigeria and 20 million in Africa. The deficiency significantly increases childhood morbidity and mortality when associated with undernutrition. \u0000Objective: To determine the relationship between serum vitamin A levels, maternal education, and social status among undernourished Nigerian children. \u0000Methodology: This was a case-control, hospital-based, descriptive study of children aged 6-59 months carried out at the Institute of Child Health (ICH) Banzazzau, Zaria. The serum vitamin A level was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Values below a cut-off, usually taken as 0.70 µmol/L (20 µg/ dl) and 0.35 µmol/L (10 µg/dl), defined as low serum vitamin A and vitamin A deficiency, respectively. \u0000Results: Sixty-six children were recruited as the cases and age-matched controls. Eleven children in each group had low serum vitamin A levels. The three children with vitamin A deficiency belonged to the cases. \u0000The overall mean serum vitamin A for the cases was 59.4412.93µg/dl, while it was 59.90±14.06µg/dl for the controls. The overall mean serum vitamin A levels based on maternal education were 57.26±16.2µg/dl for the cases and 61.02±5.36µg/dl for the controls (p = 0.01). The overall mean serum vitamin A levels based on social class were 59.36±7.38µg/dl and 61.67±6.74µg/dl for the cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.01). \u0000Conclusion: The lowest mean serum vitamin A levels for the cases were recorded in the younger age groups compared to the controls. Maternal educational levels and social class greatly influenced their children's serum vitamin A levels. \u0000Keywords: Childhood, Educational level, Retinol, Social class, Under-nutrition, Vitamin A. \u0000Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) affects an estimated 6 million preschool children in Nigeria and 20 million in Africa. The deficiency significantly increases childhood morbidity and mortality when associated with undernutrition. \u0000Objective: To determine the relationship between serum vitamin A levels, maternal education, and social status among undernourished Nigerian children. \u0000Methodology: This was a case-control, hospital-based, descriptive study of children aged 6-59 months carried out at the Institute of Child Health (ICH) Banzazzau, Zaria. The serum vitamin A level was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Values below a cut-off, usually taken as 0.70 µmol/L (20 µg/ dl) and 0.35 µmol/L (10 µg/dl), defined as low serum vitamin A and vitamin A deficiency, respectively. \u0000Results: Sixty-six children were recruited as the cases and age-matched controls. Eleven children in each group had low serum vitamin A levels. The three children with vitamin A deficiency belonged to the cases. \u0000The overall mean serum vitamin A for the cases was 59.4412.93µg/dl, while it was 59.90±14.06µg/dl for the controls. The overall mean serum vitamin A levels based on m","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"84 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulhakeem Hamza, Nuhu A. Garba, Adebayo M. Bashiru, Mohammed A. Mustapha
Abstract Chilaiditi syndrome is characterised by abdominal pain, usually in the right upper quadrant, associated with a radiological finding of sub-diaphragmatic free air due to colonic interposition between the diaphragm and the liver. The Chilaiditi sign is the radiological finding of sub-diaphragmatic pneumoperitoneum due to colonic interposition between the diaphragm and the liver without any clinical symptom. It can be a source of diagnostic dilemma considering bowel perforation as a common differential leading to unnecessary exploratory laparotomy. We report a four-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain, fever, abdominal distension and diarrhoea with intermittent long-standing constipation. A plain abdominal radiograph in the erect position showed bilateral sub-diaphragmatic free air with associated haustration markings in free air. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics and nutritional rehabilitation with remarkable clinical improvement. While evaluating a child with an acute abdomen, the radiographic finding of free sub-diaphragmatic air, which is discordant with clinical signs, should heighten the suspicion of Chilaiditi syndrome. Knowledge of Chilaiditi syndrome is essential to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention while considering bowel perforation as a common cause of sub-diaphragmatic air.
{"title":"Bilateral Chilaiditi Syndrome in a Nigerian Child with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Case Report","authors":"Abdulhakeem Hamza, Nuhu A. Garba, Adebayo M. Bashiru, Mohammed A. Mustapha","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Chilaiditi syndrome is characterised by abdominal pain, usually in the right upper quadrant, associated with a radiological finding of sub-diaphragmatic free air due to colonic interposition between the diaphragm and the liver. The Chilaiditi sign is the radiological finding of sub-diaphragmatic pneumoperitoneum due to colonic interposition between the diaphragm and the liver without any clinical symptom. It can be a source of diagnostic dilemma considering bowel perforation as a common differential leading to unnecessary exploratory laparotomy. \u0000We report a four-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain, fever, abdominal distension and diarrhoea with intermittent long-standing constipation. A plain abdominal radiograph in the erect position showed bilateral sub-diaphragmatic free air with associated haustration markings in free air. He was managed conservatively with antibiotics and nutritional rehabilitation with remarkable clinical improvement. While evaluating a child with an acute abdomen, the radiographic finding of free sub-diaphragmatic air, which is discordant with clinical signs, should heighten the suspicion of Chilaiditi syndrome. Knowledge of Chilaiditi syndrome is essential to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention while considering bowel perforation as a common cause of sub-diaphragmatic air.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"167 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solomon O. Ariyibi, Ayodele I. Ojuawo, O. Adesiyun, O. Adebara, S. Biliaminu, Aishat O. Bolakale
Background: The untoward effect of perinatal asphyxia on newborns cannot be over-emphasised. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether hepatic enzymes can serve as biochemical correlates of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and immediate outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit for 15 months among 70 asphyxiated and 70 healthy neonates. The clinical staging of HIE was based on the Sarnat and Sarnat classification system. A cord blood sample was obtained for the assay of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The enzymatic assay was performed using the spectrophotometric method. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between AST (r = 0.644, p <0.001), ALT (r = 0.364, p = 0.002), LDH (r = 0.377, p = 0.001), and the stages of HIE. AST correlated best with the severity of asphyxia (r = 0.644, p <0.001). Of the five mortalities in this series, the cord blood enzyme levels were significantly higher than in those that survived (p <0.05), and all the enzymes demonstrated a positive correlation with mortality, best with ALT (r = 0.354, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The worse the degree of perinatal asphyxia in the newborn, the higher the serum hepatic enzymes. Elevation of serum hepatic enzymes may also be associated with the risk of death in such babies. Efforts should be made to prevent severe perinatal asphyxia, and when it becomes inevitable, appropriate and prompt management should be instituted to limit the risk of poor outcomes.
{"title":"Cord Blood Hepatic Enzymes as Biochemical Correlates of Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy and Immediate Postnatal Outcome in Term Asphyxiated Babies","authors":"Solomon O. Ariyibi, Ayodele I. Ojuawo, O. Adesiyun, O. Adebara, S. Biliaminu, Aishat O. Bolakale","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The untoward effect of perinatal asphyxia on newborns cannot be over-emphasised. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to determine whether hepatic enzymes can serve as biochemical correlates of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and immediate outcomes. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit for 15 months among 70 asphyxiated and 70 healthy neonates. The clinical staging of HIE was based on the Sarnat and Sarnat classification system. A cord blood sample was obtained for the assay of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The enzymatic assay was performed using the spectrophotometric method. \u0000Results: There was a significant positive correlation between AST (r = 0.644, p <0.001), ALT (r = 0.364, p = 0.002), LDH (r = 0.377, p = 0.001), and the stages of HIE. AST correlated best with the severity of asphyxia (r = 0.644, p <0.001). Of the five mortalities in this series, the cord blood enzyme levels were significantly higher than in those that survived (p <0.05), and all the enzymes demonstrated a positive correlation with mortality, best with ALT (r = 0.354, p = 0.003). \u0000Conclusion: The worse the degree of perinatal asphyxia in the newborn, the higher the serum hepatic enzymes. Elevation of serum hepatic enzymes may also be associated with the risk of death in such babies. Efforts should be made to prevent severe perinatal asphyxia, and when it becomes inevitable, appropriate and prompt management should be instituted to limit the risk of poor outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omololu Enigbokan, M. Ugalahi, Oluwatofunmi T. Eyekpegha, Valerie N. Abiola, Shakirat A Gold-Olufadi, E. Onebunne, B. Olusanya
Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of optimal care, which occasionally requires a multidisciplinary approach. Rare diseases may pose some diagnostic challenges, especially in the context of their similarity to other more common pathologies. We report a case of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG), a rare disease that had some initial diagnostic challenges due to its similarity with molluscum contagiosum.
{"title":"Juvenile Xanthogranuloma with Ocular Manifestations in a Nigerian Infant: A Case Report","authors":"Omololu Enigbokan, M. Ugalahi, Oluwatofunmi T. Eyekpegha, Valerie N. Abiola, Shakirat A Gold-Olufadi, E. Onebunne, B. Olusanya","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of optimal care, which occasionally requires a multidisciplinary approach. Rare diseases may pose some diagnostic challenges, especially in the context of their similarity to other more common pathologies. We report a case of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG), a rare disease that had some initial diagnostic challenges due to its similarity with molluscum contagiosum.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliou Thiogane, Abou Ba, A. Sow, Y. Kéita, Ndongo A Aliou, Djrbil Boiro, Babacar Niang, I. Basse, I. Ly, Yaay Joor Dieng, Papa Moctar Faye, Amadou Lamine Fall, Ousmane Ndiaye
Background: Conventional oxygen therapy is administered via various devices (nasal cannula, simple or high-concentration masks, face masks). It is currently the first stage in symptomatic acute respiratory failure (ARF) treatment before introducing non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Objective: To evaluate conventional oxygen therapy techniques, the different indications, the duration of use and the outcome. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from January to July 2021 at the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital, Dakar, Senegal. Results: The records of 129 patients were retrieved; this represented 14.4% of total admissions. The mean age was 32.28 months, and the sex ratio was 1.26. The leading diagnoses included bronchiolitis (34.11%), asthma (20.16%), and pneumonia (16.28%). The methods of conventional oxygen delivery included simple nasal cannulas (89.92%), simple masks (9.3%), and masks with high-concentration reservoirs (8.5%). The outcome was good in 83.72% of cases, while 16.28% died. Conclusion: Conventional oxygen therapy is widely used to manage acute respiratory failure. The outcome remains generally good despite a notably high mortality rate, which may be due to the inadequacy of non-invasive oxygenation methods and diagnostic tools such as blood gas analysis.
{"title":"Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Childhood Emergencies at the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital in Dakar: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Aliou Thiogane, Abou Ba, A. Sow, Y. Kéita, Ndongo A Aliou, Djrbil Boiro, Babacar Niang, I. Basse, I. Ly, Yaay Joor Dieng, Papa Moctar Faye, Amadou Lamine Fall, Ousmane Ndiaye","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Conventional oxygen therapy is administered via various devices (nasal cannula, simple or high-concentration masks, face masks). It is currently the first stage in symptomatic acute respiratory failure (ARF) treatment before introducing non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. \u0000Objective: To evaluate conventional oxygen therapy techniques, the different indications, the duration of use and the outcome. \u0000Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from January to July 2021 at the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital, Dakar, Senegal. \u0000Results: The records of 129 patients were retrieved; this represented 14.4% of total admissions. The mean age was 32.28 months, and the sex ratio was 1.26. The leading diagnoses included bronchiolitis (34.11%), asthma (20.16%), and pneumonia (16.28%). The methods of conventional oxygen delivery included simple nasal cannulas (89.92%), simple masks (9.3%), and masks with high-concentration reservoirs (8.5%). The outcome was good in 83.72% of cases, while 16.28% died. \u0000Conclusion: Conventional oxygen therapy is widely used to manage acute respiratory failure. The outcome remains generally good despite a notably high mortality rate, which may be due to the inadequacy of non-invasive oxygenation methods and diagnostic tools such as blood gas analysis.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sadoh, Chuma Onuchukwu, P. Akintan, I. Fajolu, Patricia Medupin, Amarachukwu Okafor, O. Olatunya, Adaobi Bisi-Onyemaechi, Peter Teru, Chris Yilgwan, Maria Garba, O. Ogunrinde, Ekanem Ekure
The Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Guidelines for Childhood Immunisation were first published in 2012 as a follow-up to a position paper submitted to the Nigerian government in 2008. These guidelines are long overdue for updating since their lifespan has exceeded the recommended five years. New evidence and information have accrued, and new vaccines have emerged to prevent old and new diseases. The updated guidelines, while ensuring compliance with international best practices, are intended to guide the use of vaccines in the country as a whole (both within the national guidelines and outside the national guidelines) as well as ensure that the use of vaccines is timely, comprehensive and in tandem with empirical evidence. The updated guideline is intended for use by the Federal Ministry of Health, the Nigerian Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG), the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Paediatricians and other healthcare workers in private and public institutions, parents, other key policymakers and vaccine funders.
{"title":"Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Immunization Guidelines: An Update (2023)","authors":"A. Sadoh, Chuma Onuchukwu, P. Akintan, I. Fajolu, Patricia Medupin, Amarachukwu Okafor, O. Olatunya, Adaobi Bisi-Onyemaechi, Peter Teru, Chris Yilgwan, Maria Garba, O. Ogunrinde, Ekanem Ekure","doi":"10.4314/njp.v51i1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v51i1.08","url":null,"abstract":"The Paediatric Association of Nigeria (PAN) Guidelines for Childhood Immunisation were first published in 2012 as a follow-up to a position paper submitted to the Nigerian government in 2008. These guidelines are long overdue for updating since their lifespan has exceeded the recommended five years. New evidence and information have accrued, and new vaccines have emerged to prevent old and new diseases. The updated guidelines, while ensuring compliance with international best practices, are intended to guide the use of vaccines in the country as a whole (both within the national guidelines and outside the national guidelines) as well as ensure that the use of vaccines is timely, comprehensive and in tandem with empirical evidence.\u0000The updated guideline is intended for use by the Federal Ministry of Health, the Nigerian Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG), the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Paediatricians and other healthcare workers in private and public institutions, parents, other key policymakers and vaccine funders.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"208 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Onankpa, Lawal Taslim, A. Na'uzo, Sanni Usman, Musa Lilly, Opeyemi Ojomu, Pharm Gidado Yusuf
Approximately 15 mil[1]lion babies are born preterm each year.1 Preterm infants commonly experience postnatal growth failure due to insufficient intake of micro[1]nutrients. We aim to determine the outcome of preterm neonates that received micronutrients. Methods: The study subjects com[1]prised of 210 preterm neonates admitted to (SCBU) of Federal Medical Centre, Brinin kebbi, Kebbi State from 1st June 2020 to 30st May, 2022. The subjects were randomized into two groups; 100 preterm neonates (Study group) received micronutrients (Reload; Reload Brands, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) while, 110 preterm neonates (Control group) did not receive micronutrients. Biodata and other important information were obtained. All the babies (210) received the usual treatment protocol of preterm admitted to our SCBU. Ethical ap[1]proval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee. Results: Birth weights of the 210 neonates ranged from 800grams to the highest 2500grams with mean CC –BY 4.0 birth weight of 1.54kg ±0.95. Av[1]erage daily weight gains in 71% of the study subjects ranged from 25grams to a maximum of 29 grams per day while, in the non- micronutrients group, 54% had daily weight gain range of 10- 14grams per day (p = 0.001). Twelve (12%) of the Micronutrient group (MG) and 30% 0f the Non-Micronutrient group (NMG) had need for blood transfusion respectively (p = 0.002). The average ho sp ital stay wa s 22.95±9.68; hospital stay for the MG was 8 to 21 days while that of the NMG was 22 to 42 days (p = 0.001). C o n c l u s i o n s : M i c r o n u t r i - ents intake were in consistent with optimal weight gain, shorter hospital stay and lower need for blood transfusion in preterm newborns. Recommendations: We recommend early commencement of mi c r o n u t r i e n t s u p p leme n t (Reloads) in preterm babies.
每年约有 1500 万[1]早产儿1 。早产儿通常会因摄入微量[1]营养素不足而导致产后发育不良。我们的目的是确定接受微量营养素的早产新生儿的结局。方法：研究对象包括2020年6月1日至2022年5月30日期间入住凯比州布林凯比联邦医疗中心（SCBU）的210名早产新生儿。受试者被随机分为两组：100 名早产新生儿（研究组）接受微量营养素（Reload；Reload Brands, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA），110 名早产新生儿（对照组）不接受微量营养素。研究人员获得了生物数据和其他重要信息。所有早产儿（210 名）都接受了我们重症监护病房的常规治疗方案。已获得研究和伦理委员会的伦理许可[1]。研究结果210 名新生儿的出生体重从 800 克到最高 2500 克不等，平均 CC -BY 4.0 出生体重为 1.54kg ±0.95。71%的研究对象的平均日增重从25克到最高29克不等，而在非微量营养素组中，54%的研究对象的日增重从10克到14克不等（P = 0.001）。微量营养素组（MG）和非微量营养素组（NMG）分别有 12% 和 30% 的患者需要输血（p = 0.002）。平均住院时间为（22.95±9.68）天；微量营养素组的住院时间为 8 至 21 天，而非微量营养素组的住院时间为 22 至 42 天（p = 0.001）。C o n c l u s i o n s ：M i c r o n u t r i - t摄入量与早产新生儿的最佳体重增长、较短的住院时间和较低的输血需求相一致。建议：我们建议早产儿尽早开始母乳喂养（Reloads）。
{"title":"Micronutrients supplementation and the outcome in preterm neonates in a tertiary health centre","authors":"Ben Onankpa, Lawal Taslim, A. Na'uzo, Sanni Usman, Musa Lilly, Opeyemi Ojomu, Pharm Gidado Yusuf","doi":"10.4314/njp.v50i4.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v50i4.","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 15 mil[1]lion babies are born preterm each year.1 Preterm infants commonly experience postnatal growth failure due to insufficient intake of micro[1]nutrients. We aim to determine the outcome of preterm neonates that received micronutrients. Methods: The study subjects com[1]prised of 210 preterm neonates admitted to (SCBU) of Federal Medical Centre, Brinin kebbi, Kebbi State from 1st June 2020 to 30st May, 2022. The subjects were randomized into two groups; 100 preterm neonates (Study group) received micronutrients (Reload; Reload Brands, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) while, 110 preterm neonates (Control group) did not receive micronutrients. Biodata and other important information were obtained. All the babies (210) received the usual treatment protocol of preterm admitted to our SCBU. Ethical ap[1]proval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee. Results: Birth weights of the 210 neonates ranged from 800grams to the highest 2500grams with mean CC –BY 4.0 birth weight of 1.54kg ±0.95. Av[1]erage daily weight gains in 71% of the study subjects ranged from 25grams to a maximum of 29 grams per day while, in the non- micronutrients group, 54% had daily weight gain range of 10- 14grams per day (p = 0.001). Twelve (12%) of the Micronutrient group (MG) and 30% 0f the Non-Micronutrient group (NMG) had need for blood transfusion respectively (p = 0.002). The average ho sp ital stay wa s 22.95±9.68; hospital stay for the MG was 8 to 21 days while that of the NMG was 22 to 42 days (p = 0.001). C o n c l u s i o n s : M i c r o n u t r i - ents intake were in consistent with optimal weight gain, shorter hospital stay and lower need for blood transfusion in preterm newborns. Recommendations: We recommend early commencement of mi c r o n u t r i e n t s u p p leme n t (Reloads) in preterm babies.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Odusote, P. Ubuane, Akpojeme Ovwighuo Afiemo, I. Akinola, Ayodeji Olushola Akinola
Abstract: Background: Among children with asthma, aero-allergen sensitisation (AS) results in poorer outcomes, necessitating allergen control. However, the spectrum of AS in childhood asthma in Nigeria is not well-known. We describe the prevalence and pattern of skin- prick AS among children with asthma seen at the paediatric al[1]lergy clinic of the Lagos State Uni[1]versity Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods/Material: Retrospective review of routinely-collected data of asthmatic children who had skin -prick test (SPT) at the Paediatric Allergy clinic, conducted with a 9- allergen-extracts kit comprising house-dust mite (HDM) [subtypes: Dermatophagoides pteronysinnus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farina (Der f ), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t)]; Cockroach, Aspergillus fumigatus, cat, dog, Alternaria alternata and grass-mix. AS was defined as wheal diameter ≥ 3 mm above sa[1]line control (0 mm), with hista[1]mine wheal ≥ 3 mm (after 15- minute observation), to at least one antigen. CC –BY 4.0 Results: Between January 2019 and May 2021, fifty-eight children (60.3% boys) aged 2-17 years [median (range; IQR)= 7.0 (2.0, 17.0; 5.0)] had SPT. AS was pre[1]sent in 86.2% (n=50/58), compris[1]ing allergy to: HDM [82.1% (n=46/56) (Der f-67.9%; Blo t: 64.3%; Der p : 51.8%]; cockroach ( 3 9 . 3 % , 2 2 / 5 6 ) ; m o u l d s (Aspergillus- 3.6%, 2/56; Alter[1]naria-1.8%, 1/55) and pet (cat- 1.8%, 1/56; dog-1.8%, 1/56). About two-thirds (65.5%, 38/58) were polysensitised but there was no cross-sensitisation between HDM and cockroach allergy [kappa (95% CI)= -0.004(-0.18, 0.17)]. Conclusions: AS, especially to HDM and cockroach, was common among asthmatic children; a previously-unreported high prevalence of Blomia tropicalis allergy was notable. HDM and cockroach control may be important in our patients.
{"title":"Frequency and pattern of skin- prick aero-allergic sensitization among children with asthma in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"O. Odusote, P. Ubuane, Akpojeme Ovwighuo Afiemo, I. Akinola, Ayodeji Olushola Akinola","doi":"10.4314/njp.v50i4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v50i4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Among children with asthma, aero-allergen sensitisation (AS) results in poorer outcomes, necessitating allergen control. However, the spectrum of AS in childhood asthma in Nigeria is not well-known. We describe the prevalence and pattern of skin- prick AS among children with asthma seen at the paediatric al[1]lergy clinic of the Lagos State Uni[1]versity Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods/Material: Retrospective review of routinely-collected data of asthmatic children who had skin -prick test (SPT) at the Paediatric Allergy clinic, conducted with a 9- allergen-extracts kit comprising house-dust mite (HDM) [subtypes: Dermatophagoides pteronysinnus (Der p), Dermatophagoides farina (Der f ), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t)]; Cockroach, Aspergillus fumigatus, cat, dog, Alternaria alternata and grass-mix. AS was defined as wheal diameter ≥ 3 mm above sa[1]line control (0 mm), with hista[1]mine wheal ≥ 3 mm (after 15- minute observation), to at least one antigen. CC –BY 4.0 Results: Between January 2019 and May 2021, fifty-eight children (60.3% boys) aged 2-17 years [median (range; IQR)= 7.0 (2.0, 17.0; 5.0)] had SPT. AS was pre[1]sent in 86.2% (n=50/58), compris[1]ing allergy to: HDM [82.1% (n=46/56) (Der f-67.9%; Blo t: 64.3%; Der p : 51.8%]; cockroach ( 3 9 . 3 % , 2 2 / 5 6 ) ; m o u l d s (Aspergillus- 3.6%, 2/56; Alter[1]naria-1.8%, 1/55) and pet (cat- 1.8%, 1/56; dog-1.8%, 1/56). About two-thirds (65.5%, 38/58) were polysensitised but there was no cross-sensitisation between HDM and cockroach allergy [kappa (95% CI)= -0.004(-0.18, 0.17)]. Conclusions: AS, especially to HDM and cockroach, was common among asthmatic children; a previously-unreported high prevalence of Blomia tropicalis allergy was notable. HDM and cockroach control may be important in our patients.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"81 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima Bello Jiya, Nma Mohammed Jiya, P. Ibitoye, Jibrin Baba, Asma’u Adamu, I. Omeneke
Background / Aims: Functional constipation (FC) is an emerging global health problem that could be associated with psychological maladjustments in childhood. The objectives were to determine the prevalence, associated factors and predictors of FC among in-school adolescents in Sokoto. Methods: It was a cross sectional survey of apparently healthy sec[1]ondary school students in Sokoto metropolis selected via multistage random sampling, using a pre[1]tested semi-structured question[1]naire. Rome IV criteria for the diagnosis of FC were adopted in determining FC among the sub[1]jects. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25. Results: Six hundred and three (603) adolescents were studied, majority 327 (54.2%) were males, their ages ranged between 10 and 19 years with mean (±SD) of 15.2 ± 2.6 years, with majority 246 (40.8%) belonging to age category 10-14 years. Most 383(63.5%) of the respondents attended public schools and 326(54.1%) were in CC –BY 4.0 senior secondary class category. Their parents were mainly 483 (80.1%) Hausa by tribe, graduates of tertiary institution 227 (37.6%),civil servants 268 (44.4%), and majority 272(45.1%) belonged to the middle social class. There was family history of constipation among 64(10.6%) of the subjects. Of the 603 adolescents that were studied, 123 of them had FC giving a prevalence of 20.4%. Gender (p=0.001), p=0.001), school type (p<0.001), access to toilet (p<0.001), unstable diet (p<0.001), inadequate physical activity (p<0.001) and poor self-concept (p = 0.005) were associated with FC and they remained independent predictors of FC on logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: One out of five of the respondents had Functional constipation and it was associated with some socio-demographic and psychological factors.
{"title":"Functional constipation among apparently healthy adolescents in Sokoto, North– western Nigeria","authors":"Fatima Bello Jiya, Nma Mohammed Jiya, P. Ibitoye, Jibrin Baba, Asma’u Adamu, I. Omeneke","doi":"10.4314/njp.v50i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v50i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background / Aims: Functional constipation (FC) is an emerging global health problem that could be associated with psychological maladjustments in childhood. The objectives were to determine the prevalence, associated factors and predictors of FC among in-school adolescents in Sokoto. Methods: It was a cross sectional survey of apparently healthy sec[1]ondary school students in Sokoto metropolis selected via multistage random sampling, using a pre[1]tested semi-structured question[1]naire. Rome IV criteria for the diagnosis of FC were adopted in determining FC among the sub[1]jects. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 25. Results: Six hundred and three (603) adolescents were studied, majority 327 (54.2%) were males, their ages ranged between 10 and 19 years with mean (±SD) of 15.2 ± 2.6 years, with majority 246 (40.8%) belonging to age category 10-14 years. Most 383(63.5%) of the respondents attended public schools and 326(54.1%) were in CC –BY 4.0 senior secondary class category. Their parents were mainly 483 (80.1%) Hausa by tribe, graduates of tertiary institution 227 (37.6%),civil servants 268 (44.4%), and majority 272(45.1%) belonged to the middle social class. There was family history of constipation among 64(10.6%) of the subjects. Of the 603 adolescents that were studied, 123 of them had FC giving a prevalence of 20.4%. Gender (p=0.001), p=0.001), school type (p<0.001), access to toilet (p<0.001), unstable diet (p<0.001), inadequate physical activity (p<0.001) and poor self-concept (p = 0.005) were associated with FC and they remained independent predictors of FC on logistic regression analysis. \u0000Conclusions: One out of five of the respondents had Functional constipation and it was associated with some socio-demographic and psychological factors.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"107 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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