Nigerian journal of paediatrics最新文献_第6页

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding among mothers of children six months to three years seen at a tertiary children hospital in Freetown 在弗里敦的一家三级儿童医院，有6个月至3岁儿童的母亲的母乳喂养知识、态度和做法

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i2.4

Ell Nellie Valerie Tayo B, Paul Ehidiamen Ikhurionan, Irene Eseohe Akhigbe, A. Mustapha, G. Ofovwe

Introduction Severe acute malnutrition accounts for a significant proportion of admission into the tertiary children’s hospital in Freetown. However, adequate breastfeeding is supposed to protect against severe malnutrition. Against this background, the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of children admitted into the hospital, were assed to determine the current state of breastfeeding in Sierra Leone. Methods: A structured questionnaire specifically designed and pretested was used to gather information on the knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding of mothers with children aged 3 years and below admitted into ODCH between January and April 2021. Result: Of the 206 mothers studied, 168 (81.6%) were aged 18 to 35 years, 145 (70.4%) married. Thirty-five (17%) respondents had inadequate knowledge, while 61 (29.6%) had poor attitude and 115 (55.8%) poor practice. Factors associated with poor breastfeeding practice include age below 18 years, unmarried mothers and delivery by Caesarian section. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was associated with being married (ρ-0.002). Initiation of breast feeding within 1 hour was associated with being married (ρ-0.001) and vaginal delivery (ρ-0.005) while prelacteal feeding was associated with preterm delivery (ρ-0.020). Conclusion: Despite a high prevalence of adequate knowledge among mothers of children presenting in the facility, the practice of breast feeding remain poor. There is need to provide support to mothers to appropriately carry out good breast feeding practices especially for younger and unmarried mothers and those who deliver via ceasarean section.

在弗里敦第三儿童医院住院的病人中，严重急性营养不良占很大比例。然而，充足的母乳喂养应该可以防止严重的营养不良。在此背景下，对住院儿童母亲的知识、态度和做法进行了调查，以确定塞拉利昂母乳喂养的现状。方法:采用专门设计并预测的结构化调查问卷，收集2021年1月至4月入住ODCH的3岁及以下儿童母亲的母乳喂养知识、态度和行为信息。结果:206名母亲中，年龄在18 - 35岁的168名(81.6%)，已婚145名(70.4%)。有35人(17%)认为知识不足，61人(29.6%)认为态度不佳，115人(55.8%)认为行为不佳。与不良母乳喂养行为相关的因素包括年龄在18岁以下、未婚母亲和剖腹产。6个月纯母乳喂养与已婚相关(ρ-0.002)。在1小时内开始母乳喂养与已婚(ρ-0.001)和阴道分娩(ρ-0.005)相关，而乳前喂养与早产(ρ-0.020)相关。结论:尽管在该机构就诊的儿童的母亲中普遍存在足够的知识，但母乳喂养的做法仍然很差。有必要向母亲提供支持，以适当实施良好的母乳喂养做法，特别是对年轻母亲和未婚母亲以及通过剖腹产分娩的母亲。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of point-of-care glucometers and laboratory based glucose oxidase test in determining blood glucose levels. 点护理血糖仪和实验室葡萄糖氧化酶试验测定血糖水平的比较。

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-07-01

Babatunde Oluwatosin Ogunbosi, Olatokunbo Olumide Jarrett, Adebola Emmanuel Orimadegun, Omolola Oluwakemi Ayoola, Kike Osinusi

Introduction: Alterations in blood glucose levels are common and an important determinant of a patient's admission outcomes, point-of-care glucometers, which are affected by a variety of factors, are increasingly used in clinical care. In this study we compared blood glucose levels determined by two commonly used glucometers (One Touch^® and Accu-check^®) with those of a standard laboratory method and determined the effect of haematocrit on glucose readings.

Methods: Blood glucose levels were measured with One Touch^® and Accu-Check^® glucometers and the glucose oxidase method at the same time in 295 children aged 0 to 15 years over a 6-month period. Bland-Altman and correlation analysis were used to explore biases among the three methods. For all statistical tests, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Most were males (51.2%) and the median (range) age was 1 year (1 day, 12 years). There was a significant correlation between each of the glucometer methods and laboratory blood sugar, and the correlation between the two glucometers was strong and significant. This correlation remained statistically significant even after controlling for haematocrit values. There was an acceptable level of bias (3.9 mg/dL) between the One Touch^® and Accu-check^® glucometers, but each had a remarkably large bias compared with the glucose oxidase method.

Conclusion: The use of a tested glucometer in clinical settings can aid in rapid decision-making, but there is a need to periodically cross-check with the glucose oxidase method in the laboratory to optimise treatment outcomes for children with dysglycaemia.

导读:血糖水平的改变是常见的，并且是患者入院结果的重要决定因素，受多种因素影响的即时血糖仪越来越多地用于临床护理。在这项研究中，我们比较了两种常用的血糖仪(One Touch®和Accu-check®)和标准实验室方法的血糖水平，并确定了红细胞压积对血糖读数的影响。方法:采用One Touch®、Accu-Check®血糖仪和葡萄糖氧化酶法同时测定295名0 ~ 15岁儿童6个月的血糖水平。使用Bland-Altman和相关分析来探讨三种方法之间的偏差。对于所有统计检验，p值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。结果:男性居多(51.2%)，年龄中位数(范围)为1岁(1天，12岁)。每一种血糖仪方法与实验室血糖均存在显著相关性，且两种血糖仪之间相关性强且显著。即使在控制了红细胞压积值之后，这种相关性仍然具有统计学意义。One Touch®和Accu-check®血糖仪之间存在可接受的偏倚水平(3.9 mg/dL)，但与葡萄糖氧化酶法相比，两者的偏倚都非常大。结论:在临床环境中使用测试血糖仪可以帮助快速决策，但需要定期在实验室与葡萄糖氧化酶方法交叉检查，以优化血糖异常儿童的治疗结果。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges of caregivers and needs of children with parents in a Nigerian prison. 尼日利亚监狱中照顾者的挑战和有父母的儿童的需求。

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-07-01

B O Ogunbosi, A A Adepoju, A E Orimadegun, G N Odaibo, O D Olaleye, O O Akinyinka

Background: Separation of a parent from the family as a result of incarceration has both short-term and long-term effects on the family, even after release from prison. This study is a report of factors and challenges of the family left to adapt to the changed circumstances of separation from parent(s) who are incarcerated.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out on 89 caregivers of children whose parents are incarcerated at the Agodi prison, Ibadan who gave informed and written consent to interview their families.

Results: Most caregivers had little or no formal education (69.7%) and 67.4% are into petty trading or subsistence farming. A majority of the caregivers reported the need of schooling (85.4%), provision of food (84.3%) and medical care (71.9%) as major challenges, only 25% received any form of support to meet these needs. Twenty-nine (32.6%) respondents reported receiving financial support to provide for the child's feeding. Some caregivers 21 (23.6%), obtained loans to cope with the financial needs of the children while only 3 (3.4%) received support from family or other non-governmental organisations.

Conclusion: The caregivers of children of prison inmates face significant challenges in meeting the needs of feeding, health and schooling. Support structures and policies to address these gaps are required.

背景:由于监禁而导致父母与家庭分离，即使在从监狱释放后也会对家庭产生短期和长期的影响。本研究报告了家庭在与被监禁的父母分离后所面临的因素和挑战。方法:这是一项横断面研究，对89名父母被关押在伊巴丹Agodi监狱的儿童的照料者进行了调查，这些儿童的照料者事先知情并书面同意采访其家人。结果:大多数照料者没有受过正规教育或教育程度较低(69.7%)，67.4%从事小买卖或自给农业。大多数照顾者报告说，上学(85.4%)、提供食物(84.3%)和医疗(71.9%)是主要挑战，只有25%的人得到了满足这些需求的任何形式的支持。29个(32.6%)答复者报告获得了儿童喂养的财政支持。有21名照顾者(23.6%)获得贷款以应付儿童的经济需要，而只有3名(3.4%)获得家庭或其他非政府机构的资助。结论:监狱囚犯子女的照料者在满足喂养、保健和上学需求方面面临重大挑战。需要支持结构和政策来解决这些差距。

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引用次数: 0

National School Health Policy in Nigeria; Survey of teachers’ perception and implementation in public schools in Ebonyi State 尼日利亚国家学校卫生政策;埃邦伊州公立学校教师认知与实施调查

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.14

C. Ezeonu, U. Asiegbu, Cecil Eleje Arua, L. Edafioghor, A. Una, M. N. Anyansi, O. Onwe

Background: The National School Health Policy (NSHP) was enacted and adopted in Nigeria in 2006 as a guide to the implementation of the School Health Programme (SHP) for the maintenance and improvement of the health of children in school.Objectives: We decided to undertake a survey of the implementation of this policy in public schools in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria by assessing the Head teachers' perceptions, attitude, and practice and to determine possible challenges, if any, in the policy implementation.Method: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out on 788 public primary and secondary schools in Ebonyi state using pretested structured questionnaires administered to their head teachers. Information on school demographics, school health services; school environment, skill-based health instructions in schools and, perceived enablers or barriers toschool health implementation were retrieved.Results: About 65% of participants were unaware of the existence of the NSHP document. None of the schools reported pre-entry medical examination of students, 49.6% had no latrines, 42.1% had no source of water at school, and 45.1% had no teacher trained in Health education. Some of their perceived challenges were low awareness and commitment of school managers, the absence of health workers in school, and lack of teachers training on School Health Programme.Conclusion: Poor knowledge and understanding of the NSHP amongst the teachers, lack of basic human and material resources for health-promotion in schools may have contributed to the seemingly low attitude and practice of the NSHP in public schools of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

背景:尼日利亚于2006年颁布并通过了《国家学校卫生政策》，作为实施《学校卫生方案》的指南，以维持和改善在校儿童的健康。目的:我们决定对尼日利亚东南部埃邦伊州公立学校实施该政策的情况进行调查，评估校长的看法、态度和做法，并确定政策实施中可能存在的挑战(如果有的话)。方法:对Ebonyi州的788所公立中小学进行描述性横断面研究，采用预测试的结构化问卷对其校长进行问卷调查。关于学校人口统计、学校保健服务的信息;检索了学校环境、学校以技能为基础的健康指导以及对学校健康实施的促进因素或障碍的感知。结果:约65%的参与者不知道NSHP文件的存在。没有一所学校报告对学生进行入学前体检，49.6%的学校没有厕所，42.1%的学校没有水源，45.1%的学校没有接受过卫生教育培训的教师。他们认为的一些挑战是学校管理人员的认识和承诺较低，学校没有保健工作人员，以及缺乏关于学校保健方案的教师培训。结论:尼日利亚Ebonyi州公立学校对NSHP的认识和理解不足，学校缺乏基本的促进健康的人力和物力资源，可能导致NSHP在尼日利亚Ebonyi州公立学校的态度和实践似乎不高。

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引用次数: 1

Infant feeding knowledge and practice among HIV positive mothers attending HIV treatment centres in Lagos 拉各斯艾滋病毒治疗中心艾滋病毒阳性母亲的婴儿喂养知识和做法

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.13

M. O. Odofin, F. Olatona, O. Adeniyi, Olayinka Olufumi Ayankogbe

Background: Twenty five to forty percent of children will be infected with HIV in the absence of any form of intervention which is Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT).Objectives: This study determined the infant feeding knowledge and practices among HIV positive mothers attending HIV treatment centers in Lagos.Methods: A descriptive crosssectional design was used for the study. A multistage sampling technique was used to select / recruit 290 HIV positive mothers with babies between the ages of 2weeks to 18months, attending PMTCT services into the study Pre-tested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data and analysis was done using Epi-info software. Chi-square and Fischer exact tests were used to determine association between the dependent and independent variables. The pvalue was set at 0.05.Results: Majority of the respondents (58.9%) were within the age range of 31 – 40 years and about half had a secondary school level of education. Exclusive formula feeding (40.3%) and exclusive breast feeding (42.4%) were feeding options known by the majority of the respondents. More than half (55.5%) of the mothers had a good knowledge of infant feeding options. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was practiced by majority (55.5%) of the respondents, 21.4% practiced exclusive formula feeding (EFF) while only 6% practiced mixed feeding (MF). Knowledge of infant feeding options and the attitude towards exclusive breast feeding being enough in the first 6 months of life were associated with infant feeding options practiced; those with good knowledge of infant feeding options did not practice MF (9.7%) (p = 0.013).Conclusion: knowledge of infant feeding options was good and poor knowledge was associated with exclusive formula feeding. Majority practiced EBF. Educational programmes targeted at improving the knowledge of HIV and infant feeding options as well as strengthening of counseling sessions at PMTCT clinic would help reduce the risk of HIV transmission to the child.

背景:如果没有任何形式的干预措施，即预防母婴传播(PMTCT)， 25%至40%的儿童将感染艾滋病毒。目的:本研究了解拉各斯艾滋病治疗中心HIV阳性母亲的婴儿喂养知识和做法。方法:采用描述性横断面设计进行研究。采用多阶段抽样技术，选择/招募290名艾滋病毒阳性的母亲，她们的婴儿年龄在2周到18个月之间，参加预防母婴传播服务，进入研究，使用预先测试的采访者管理的结构化问卷收集数据，并使用Epi-info软件进行分析。使用卡方检验和Fischer精确检验来确定因变量和自变量之间的相关性。p值设为0.05。结果:大多数受访者(58.9%)的年龄在31 - 40岁之间，约一半的人具有中学教育程度。纯配方喂养(40.3%)和纯母乳喂养(42.4%)是大多数答复者所知道的喂养选择。超过一半(55.5%)的母亲对婴儿喂养选择有很好的了解。大多数(55.5%)受访者采用纯母乳喂养(EBF)， 21.4%采用纯配方奶喂养(EFF)，只有6%采用混合喂养(MF)。婴儿喂养选择的知识和对生命前6个月纯母乳喂养的态度与婴儿喂养选择的实践有关;那些对婴儿喂养选择有良好了解的人没有实行MF (9.7%) (p = 0.013)。结论:婴儿喂养选择知识较好，而纯配方奶粉喂养知识较差。大多数人实行EBF。旨在提高对艾滋病毒和婴儿喂养选择的认识的教育方案，以及加强预防母婴传播诊所的咨询会议，将有助于减少艾滋病毒传播给儿童的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Paediatric endocrine disorders at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯一家三级医院的儿科内分泌紊乱

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.12

I. Akinola, Akpojeme Ovwighuo Afiemo, P. Ubuane, O. Odusote

Background: The global increase in paediatric endocrine disorders (PED) is thought to be a result of multiple factors including changing lifestyles, environmental pollution and increasing awareness and diagnostic capabilities. Studies on the prevalence of paediatric endocrine disorders in the developing world are few. A preliminary audit of PED at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital two years ago revealed type 1 diabetes mellitus as the commonest diagnosis. Since then many more children with PED continue to be referred from various centres.Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the burden and pattern paediatric endocrine disorders over a three-year period.Subjects and Methods: Records of patients who presented in the paediatric endocrine unit between March 2017 and March 2020 were reviewed and relevant data on age at presentation, sex and diagnosis were extracted.Results: A total of 172 patients representing 0.45% of the total paediatric patients seen within the period. There were more females 90(52.3%) than males 79(45.9%) and three patients (1.7%) presented with disorders of sexual differentiation. Age of presentation ranged between 11 days and 16 years with mean of 6.27 ± 4.5 years. The commonest groups of endocrine disorders were disorders of pancreas/lipids-diabetes (n=33, 19.2%), pubertal disorders (n=25, 14.5%) and thyroid disorders (n=24, 14.0%).Conclusion: Our unit witnessed a comparatively larger case-load of PEDs compared to earlier reports from other parts of Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus, pubertal and thyroid disorders constituted the commonest paediatric endocrine disorders encountered.

背景:全球儿科内分泌疾病(PED)的增加被认为是多种因素的结果，包括生活方式的改变、环境污染以及意识和诊断能力的提高。关于发展中国家儿科内分泌失调患病率的研究很少。两年前在拉各斯州立大学教学医院对PED进行的初步审计显示，1型糖尿病是最常见的诊断。从那时起，越来越多的患有PED的儿童继续从各个中心转诊。目的:本研究的目的是描述负担和模式的儿科内分泌疾病超过三年的时间。对象和方法:回顾2017年3月至2020年3月在儿科内分泌科就诊的患者记录，提取就诊时年龄、性别和诊断的相关数据。结果:在此期间共有172例患者，占儿科患者总数的0.45%。女性90例(52.3%)多于男性79例(45.9%)，有3例(1.7%)存在性别分化障碍。发病年龄11天~ 16岁，平均6.27±4.5岁。最常见的内分泌紊乱是胰腺/脂质-糖尿病紊乱(n=33, 19.2%)、青春期紊乱(n=25, 14.5%)和甲状腺紊乱(n=24, 14.0%)。结论:与尼日利亚其他地区的早期报告相比，我们单位目睹了相对较大的ped病例负荷。糖尿病、青春期和甲状腺疾病是最常见的儿科内分泌疾病。

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引用次数: 2

Zinc phosphide (rodenticide) poisoning: A case report of deliberate self-harm in an eleven-year-old 磷化锌(灭鼠剂)中毒:11岁儿童故意自残一例报告

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.15

A. Adepoju, A. Asinobi, A. Ademola, O. Akinyinka, Olutosin Abioye, Adesola O. Adelaja, Philip O Robert

Zinc Phosphide(Zn3P2) is a common rodenticide freely available in Nigeria for use against rodents. Occasionally human consumption occurs either accidentally or intentionally with potential consequences of multiorgan toxicity and death. An 11-year-old boy consumed an unknown quantity of zinc phosphide marketed as Push Out® with the intention of committing suicide and killing some members of the family as his response to chastisement for a misdemeanour. Patient presented in the hospital 4 days after ingestion of zinc phosphide with a history of profound vomiting and abdominal pain. Laboratory evaluation showed evidence of hepatic dysfunction, acute kidney injury and elevated serum amylase. He was managed conservatively and discharged home after two weeks of admission. We report this case to emphasise the need for Paediatricians to consider ingestion of rodenticides as a differential diagnosis of hepatoxicity and pancreatic enzyme elevation, as well as to highlight the possibility of suicide among children. There is need to control the indiscriminate use of rodenticides, strengthen public health education on poisoning as well as establish Poison Information Centres in our environment.

磷化锌(Zn3P2)是一种常见的杀鼠剂，在尼日利亚可以免费获得，用于对付啮齿动物。人类偶尔会无意或有意地食用，可能导致多器官中毒和死亡。一名11岁男孩因轻罪受到惩罚，服用了数量不详的以Push Out®产品销售的磷化锌，意图自杀并杀死一些家庭成员。患者在摄入磷化锌4天后入院，有严重呕吐和腹痛史。实验室检查显示肝功能障碍、急性肾损伤和血清淀粉酶升高。他接受了保守治疗，两周后出院。我们报告这个病例是为了强调儿科医生需要考虑摄入灭鼠剂作为肝毒性和胰酶升高的鉴别诊断，以及强调儿童自杀的可能性。有必要控制滥用灭鼠剂，加强有关中毒的公众健康教育，并在我们的环境中建立中毒信息中心。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of knowledge on Lassa fever disease among caregivers presenting to a tertiary Institution in a Lassa fever endemic region, Southeast Nigeria 评估尼日利亚东南部拉沙热流行区某高等教育机构护理人员对拉沙热的知识

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.9

M. Orji, D. Obu, U. Asiegbu

Background: Lassa fever disease is an infectious disease with high case fatality occurring in countries in West, Central, and East Africa. It is endemic in Nigeria and Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria. Knowledge of the cause, mode of transmission, and clinical presentations are invaluable in disease prevention and control.Objective: The study was therefore aimed at assessing the level of knowledge of Lassa fever disease among caregivers that presented at children out-patient in a tertiary hospital in Ebonyi State.Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out within 6 months (May-October 2018 ) . An Interviewer - administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographics and level of knowledge on Lassa fever disease.Results: Although 356 (92.7%) of the 384 respondents have heard of Lassa fever disease, only 205 (53.4%) had good knowledge of the disease. The mean age of participants was 33.22 ± 7.53; male to female ratio 1:2.4. Respondents within 36 and 45 years were rated highest (65.0%) in good knowledge of the disease. More males (61.9%) than females (49.8%) knew about Lassa fever disease. Similarly, caregivers (67.7%) from the upper socioeconomic class had better knowledge of the disease compared to 43.0% observed among their colleagues in the lower socioeconomic class. There were significant relationships between knowledge of Lassa fever disease and age (p= 0.026), gender (p=0.030), and socio-economic class (p< 0.001).Conclusion: There is a huge gap in knowledge of Lassa fever disease among participants especially among female caregivers and those of lower socio-economic class. Public enlightenment on Lassa fever disease should be intensified in these groups of people

背景:拉沙热是一种发生在西非、中非和东非国家的高病死率传染病。它在尼日利亚和尼日利亚东南部的埃邦伊州流行。对病因、传播方式和临床表现的了解在疾病预防和控制中是无价的。目的:因此，该研究旨在评估在埃邦伊州一家三级医院儿童门诊就诊的护理人员对拉沙热的知识水平。方法:以医院为基础的横断面研究，研究时间为6个月(2018年5月- 10月)。一份由采访者填写的问卷用于获取有关拉沙热的社会人口统计信息和知识水平。结果:384名被调查者中有356人(92.7%)听说过拉沙热，但仅有205人(53.4%)对拉沙热有所了解。参与者平均年龄33.22±7.53岁;男女比例1:24 .4。36岁和45岁的应答者对该病的了解程度最高(65.0%)。男性(61.9%)多于女性(49.8%)。同样，来自上层社会经济阶层的护理人员(67.7%)对疾病有更好的了解，而在下层社会经济阶层的同事中，这一比例为43.0%。拉沙热知识与年龄(p= 0.026)、性别(p=0.030)、社会经济阶层(p< 0.001)存在显著相关。结论:参与调查者对拉沙热的认知存在巨大差距，尤其是女性护理人员和社会经济地位较低的人群。应在这些人群中加强对拉沙热疾病的公众启蒙

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引用次数: 1

Sickle cell disease: caregiver’s awareness and phenotype distribution among children presenting to children emergency of a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria 镰状细胞病:尼日利亚拉各斯一家三级医院急诊儿童护理人员的认识和表型分布

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.10

E. Oluwole, T. Adeyemo, B. Osinaike, P. Akintan

Background: Sickle cell disease accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and the burden is expected to increase further by 2050. Nigeria is known to bear the highest burden of sickle cell disease in the world with about 2.69–5% of the population affected by the disease.Aim: This study determined awareness of sickle cell disease among caregivers and phenotype distribution of children presenting to children emergency in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria.Methods: The study was crosssectional and descriptive in design and data was collected using a pretested, structured intervieweradministered questionnaire among 250 caregivers and children. HemoTypeSC™ rapid test kit was used to determine the hemoglobin phenotype in whole blood of the respondents who were consecutively recruited following the caregiver’s consent. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 software was used for analysis.Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out with a level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: The mean age of the children was 50.27±50.91 months. There were more females 141 (56.4%) than males. Almost all 242 (96.8%) caregivers did not know the children’s Hb phenotype. Most 173 (69.2%) of the children had HbAA;55(22.0%) were HbAS; 6(2.4%) were HbAC; 15 and 1 (6.0% and 0.4%) were HbSS and HbSCphenotypes respectively. Education was statistically significant with awareness of SCD (p=0.002) and awareness of SCD was statistically significant with knowledge of prevention (p<0.001) among the caregivers.Conclusion: Awareness of SCD among the caregivers of children was high, although the majority of them did not know the children’s Hb phenotype. Most of the children had HbAA with a high proportion of HbSS and HbSC phenotypes. A routine neonatal/early infant screening program for SCD is highly recommended in Nigeria for early diagnosis and prevention of SCD complications.

背景:镰状细胞病在撒哈拉以南非洲的发病率和死亡率很高，预计到2050年，这一负担将进一步增加。众所周知，尼日利亚是世界上镰状细胞病负担最重的国家，约有2.69-5%的人口受该疾病影响。目的:本研究确定护理人员对镰状细胞病的认识和尼日利亚拉各斯大学教学医院(LUTH)儿童急诊儿童的表型分布。方法:本研究采用横断面和描述性设计，采用预先测试的结构化访谈问卷收集250名护理人员和儿童的数据。使用haemtypesc™快速检测试剂盒检测在护理人员同意下连续招募的应答者的全血血红蛋白表型。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences第21版软件进行分析。单因素和双因素分析均以p≤0.05的显著性水平进行。结果:患儿平均年龄为50.27±50.91个月。女性141例(56.4%)多于男性。几乎所有242名(96.8%)看护者都不知道儿童的Hb表型。HbAA患儿173例(69.2%)，HbAA患儿55例(22.0%);HbAC 6例(2.4%);HbSS和hbscphenotype分别为15例和1例(6.0%和0.4%)。护理人员对SCD的认知程度与教育程度有统计学意义(p=0.002)，对SCD的认知程度与预防知识有统计学意义(p<0.001)。结论:儿童监护人员对SCD的认知度较高，但大多数监护人员并不了解儿童的Hb表型。多数患儿为HbAA，且HbSS和HbSC表型比例较高。尼日利亚强烈建议进行常规新生儿/早期婴儿SCD筛查，以早期诊断和预防SCD并发症。

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引用次数: 0

Use of serum levels of selected enzymes as a supportive tool in assessing severity of birth asphyxia in low resource setting 在低资源环境中，使用选定的血清酶水平作为评估出生窒息严重程度的辅助工具

Nigerian journal of paediatrics

Pub Date : 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.4314/njp.v49i1.11

T. Ogundele, S. B. Oseni, J. Owa

Introduction: Severe birth asphyxia is one of the reasons why babies are admitted into the newborn unit and contributing significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hypoxic injury, when severe, leads to leakage of intracellular enzymes into the circulation. The level of these enzymes reflects the severity of the damage; this can identify babies with a severe injury, especially the out borns whose deliveries were not supervised. This study aimed to relate the serum levels of three enzymes at the age of twelve hours to the severity of birth asphyxia using the Apgar score and neurological state of the babies.Methods: A prospective comparative cross-sectional study. Term babies with Apgar score ˂ 7 at 1-minute of life were recruited, scores of 0-3 were taken as severe birth asphyxia. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, were determined at the age of 12 hours using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Levels of the enzymes were related to the severity of birth asphyxia. SPSS for Windows, version 18 was used to analyse the dataResults: Seventy babies with birth asphyxia and 70 controls were studied. Fifteen (41.7%) of the 36 babies with severe birth asphyxia had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, four (5.7%) of which died. The mean values of each of the enzymes were higher in babies with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy than in those without (p = 0.001), and in babies that died than babies that survived (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Estimation of these enzymes clearly defines the severity of hypoxic injury in babies with birth asphyxia. The estimation of these enzymes will be a useful tool in identifying babies with birth asphyxia especially in outborns whose deliveries were not supervised.

简介:严重的出生窒息是婴儿入住新生儿病房的原因之一，也是新生儿发病率和死亡率的重要因素。缺氧损伤严重时，会导致细胞内酶渗漏到循环中。这些酶的水平反映了损伤的严重程度;这可以识别严重受伤的婴儿，特别是分娩时没有监督的新生儿。本研究旨在利用阿普加评分和婴儿的神经系统状态，将12小时时血清中三种酶的水平与出生时窒息的严重程度联系起来。方法:前瞻性比较横断面研究。选取1分钟时阿普加评分小于7的足月婴儿，0-3分为重度出生窒息。12小时时用紫外分光光度计测定血清乳酸脱氢酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶水平。这些酶的水平与出生窒息的严重程度有关。采用SPSS for Windows, version 18对数据进行分析。结果:对70例出生窒息患儿和70例对照组进行了研究。36例重度出生窒息患儿发生缺氧缺血性脑病15例(41.7%)，死亡4例(5.7%)。患有缺氧缺血性脑病的婴儿的每一种酶的平均值都高于没有脑病的婴儿(p = 0.001)，死亡婴儿的每一种酶的平均值都高于存活婴儿(p = 0.001)。结论:这些酶的测定清楚地确定了新生儿窒息缺氧损伤的严重程度。这些酶的估计将是一个有用的工具，以确定婴儿出生时的窒息，特别是在分娩时没有监督的早产儿。

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引用次数: 0