Sunday Anikoh, Uchechukwu Damian Nwaneri, HJohn Omua, A. Sadoh
Tuberculosis of the spine (Pott’s disease) has the potential for causing severe disability if not identified and treated early. Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is the standard of care for under-fives who have been in contact with an infectious case of tuberculosis but do not have tuberculosis. We report the case of a 2 year old child whose mother was managed for tuberculosis but was not given TPT and went onto develop tuberculosis of the spine. She responded positively to antituberculosis therapy. CC –BY 4.0 We highlight the missed opportunity for TPT at various points of contact of this child with the health care system. We recommend the integration of services at primary health care level and the training/retraining of health care workers in TB care with specific emphasis on contact tracing/TPT. Health education for the general population on tuberculosis is also important.
{"title":"Pott’s disease in a two-year old: a consequence of failed contact tracing","authors":"Sunday Anikoh, Uchechukwu Damian Nwaneri, HJohn Omua, A. Sadoh","doi":"10.4314/njp.v50i4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v50i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis of the spine (Pott’s disease) has the potential for causing severe disability if not identified and treated early. Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is the standard of care for under-fives who have been in contact with an infectious case of tuberculosis but do not have tuberculosis. We report the case of a 2 year old child whose mother was managed for tuberculosis but was not given TPT and went onto develop tuberculosis of the spine. She responded positively to antituberculosis therapy. CC –BY 4.0 We highlight the missed opportunity for TPT at various points of contact of this child with the health care system. We recommend the integration of services at primary health care level and the training/retraining of health care workers in TB care with specific emphasis on contact tracing/TPT. Health education for the general population on tuberculosis is also important.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COP27 Climate Change Conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world","authors":"C. Ezechukwu","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.1","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74332001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Skin problems are very common and often affect people in very visible places leading to significant physical and psychological distress. Adolescents go through physiologic changes in their body during puberty with associated psychosocial changes. Having to live with skin disorders during these years can have life-long impact. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of skin disorders in adolescents attending secondary schools in Kwara state and evaluate the dermatology-specific quality of life of those affected by skin disorders. Objective: To describe the spectrum of skin disorders among adolescents in secondary schools and evaluate the impact of skin disorders on the dermatology-specific quality of life of those affected. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We examined 1000 students from 16 public and private secondary schools in Ilorin, Kwara state. Participant selection was done using a multi- staged stratified random sampling method. The impact on quality of life was evaluated with the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) to determine their dermatology-specific Quality of life. Data obtained was analyzed with SPSS version 20 and was presented using tables and figures. Results: The prevalence of skin disease in the study population was 68.4%. The most common skin disorders in order of decreasing frequency were: acne, pityriasisversicolor, dermatophytoses (Including tinea capits, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea unguium and tinea cruris), pityriasis capitis and traction alopecia. About three- quarters of those with skin disease reported an effect on their quality of life. The most frequent effect on Qol was attributed to the symptoms and feelings elicited by skin disease. Discussion: This study found a high prevalence of skin disease in adolescents with most of them reporting an effect on their quality of life resulting from their skin problem however this was mostly a mild effect.
导读:皮肤问题是非常常见的，经常影响人们在非常明显的地方，导致显著的身体和心理困扰。青少年在青春期经历身体的生理变化，并伴有相关的心理社会变化。在这些年中不得不忍受皮肤疾病可能会对一生产生影响。本研究旨在描述Kwara州中学青少年皮肤疾病的频谱，并评估受皮肤疾病影响的皮肤病学特异性生活质量。目的:描述中学青少年皮肤疾病的频谱，并评估皮肤疾病对受影响者皮肤病特异性生活质量的影响。方法:采用描述性横断面研究。我们调查了Kwara州伊洛林16所公立和私立中学的1000名学生。参与者的选择采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法。使用儿童皮肤病生活质量指数(CDLQI)评估对生活质量的影响，以确定他们的皮肤病特异性生活质量。所得数据用SPSS version 20进行分析，并以表格形式呈现。结果:研究人群皮肤病患病率为68.4%。最常见的皮肤病发生率依次为:痤疮、斑疹、皮癣(包括头癣、体癣、足癣、甲癣和股癣)、头癣和牵引性脱发。大约四分之三的皮肤病患者报告说他们的生活质量受到了影响。对生活质量最常见的影响归因于皮肤病引起的症状和感觉。讨论:这项研究发现，青少年中皮肤病的患病率很高，其中大多数人报告说，他们的皮肤问题对他们的生活质量产生了影响，但这种影响大多是轻微的。
{"title":"Dermatological disorders and dermatology-specific quality of life among secondary students in public and private schools in Kwara state, Nigeria","authors":"J. Oyedepo, O. Katibi, O. Adedoyin","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Skin problems are very common and often affect people in very visible places leading to significant physical and psychological distress. Adolescents go through physiologic changes in their body during puberty with associated psychosocial changes. Having to live with skin disorders during these years can have life-long impact. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of skin disorders in adolescents attending secondary schools in Kwara state and evaluate the dermatology-specific quality of life of those affected by skin disorders. \u0000Objective: To describe the spectrum of skin disorders among adolescents in secondary schools and evaluate the impact of skin disorders on the dermatology-specific quality of life of those affected. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We examined 1000 students from 16 public and private secondary schools in Ilorin, Kwara state. Participant selection was done using a multi- staged stratified random sampling method. The impact on quality of life was evaluated with the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) to determine their dermatology-specific Quality of life. Data obtained was analyzed with SPSS version 20 and was presented using tables and figures. \u0000Results: The prevalence of skin disease in the study population was 68.4%. The most common skin disorders in order of decreasing frequency were: acne, pityriasisversicolor, dermatophytoses (Including tinea capits, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea unguium and tinea cruris), pityriasis capitis and traction alopecia. About three- quarters of those with skin disease reported an effect on their quality of life. The most frequent effect on Qol was attributed to the symptoms and feelings elicited by skin disease. \u0000Discussion: This study found a high prevalence of skin disease in adolescents with most of them reporting an effect on their quality of life resulting from their skin problem however this was mostly a mild effect. ","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87067186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Uzomba, E. Nsa, M. Eyong, N. Ezeh, A. Uzomba, I. Etuk
Introduction: Many patients with kidney disease are asymptomatic but may have abnormalities in urine. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary abnormalities (UA) in asymptomatic secondary school children in Calabar, Nigeria and its relationship with age, sex, social class, body mass index and blood pressure. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study of 407 apparently healthy secondary school children aged 10-18 years recruited by multistage sampling techniques in June-July, 2022. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain their bio-data and clinical history. Subject’s height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Blood pressure of each subject was measured using auscultatory method. Early morning urine was obtained from each subject and urinalysis done using dipstick- combi 10. The result of urinalysis was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and p- value ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: Out of 407 participants, 162 (39.8%) were males and 245 (60.2%) females giving a M:F ratio 1:1.5. The mean age was 13.5 ± 1.9 years. The prevalence of urinary abnormalities was 115 (28.3%) with many having more than one abnormality. Age group 13-15years were more commonly affected. Nitrituria 75(18.4) was the most frequent urinary abnormality followed by proteinuria 38 (9.3%), leucocytes14 (3.4%) andhaematuria 5(1.2%). There was no glucosuria. Nitrituria was statistically significant among females (p=0.040). Blood pressure, overweight and obesity were not statistically significant in relation to urinary abnormalities. Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary abnormalities was high among secondary school children but commoner in females and mainly nitrituria, proteinuria, leucocytes and haematuria. We therefore recommend regular screening for urinary abnormalities among secondary school children in our environment for early detection and prevention of renal diseases
{"title":"Urinary abnormalities in asymptomatic secondary school children in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"C. Uzomba, E. Nsa, M. Eyong, N. Ezeh, A. Uzomba, I. Etuk","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many patients with kidney disease are asymptomatic but may have abnormalities in urine. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary abnormalities (UA) in asymptomatic secondary school children in Calabar, Nigeria and its relationship with age, sex, social class, body mass index and blood pressure. \u0000Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study of 407 apparently healthy secondary school children aged 10-18 years recruited by multistage sampling techniques in June-July, 2022. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain their bio-data and clinical history. Subject’s height and weight were measured using a stadiometer and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Blood pressure of each subject was measured using auscultatory method. Early morning urine was obtained from each subject and urinalysis done using dipstick- combi 10. The result of urinalysis was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and p- value ≤ 0.05 was significant. \u0000Results: Out of 407 participants, 162 (39.8%) were males and 245 (60.2%) females giving a M:F ratio 1:1.5. The mean age was 13.5 ± 1.9 years. The prevalence of urinary abnormalities was 115 (28.3%) with many having more than one abnormality. Age group 13-15years were more commonly affected. Nitrituria 75(18.4) was the most frequent urinary abnormality followed by proteinuria 38 (9.3%), leucocytes14 (3.4%) andhaematuria 5(1.2%). There was no glucosuria. Nitrituria was statistically significant among females (p=0.040). Blood pressure, overweight and obesity were not statistically significant in relation to urinary abnormalities. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary abnormalities was high among secondary school children but commoner in females and mainly nitrituria, proteinuria, leucocytes and haematuria. We therefore recommend regular screening for urinary abnormalities among secondary school children in our environment for early detection and prevention of renal diseases ","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80013484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus (DM) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is uncommon in infancy and its presentation can mimic some common childhood illnesses. The spontaneity of the young infant, inherent communication difficulties, insulin treatment and eating pattern poses major technical, medical and psychological challenges. Training the family to care for the diabetic infant is also challenging for all. We present a case of a 10-month old diabetic infant with poor glycaemic control and DKA. The justification for this is because DM with DKA is uncommon in infancy and its presentation may be mistaken for other illnesses such as meningitis, encephalitis and cerebral malaria among others, so it needs a high index of suspicion in other to avoid morbidity and mortality. The objective of reporting this case is to create awareness that although DM is uncommon in infancy, but can still occur. It should therefore be looked for.
{"title":"The obstacles of diagnosing and achieving glycaemic control in breastfeeding infant with type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic ketoacidosis- a case report","authors":"S. Abdullahi, S. Mado, Y. Abubakar, R. Shuaibu","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is uncommon in infancy and its presentation can mimic some common childhood illnesses. The spontaneity of the young infant, inherent communication difficulties, insulin treatment and eating pattern poses major technical, medical and psychological challenges. Training the family to care for the diabetic infant is also challenging for all. We present a case of a 10-month old diabetic infant with poor glycaemic control and DKA. The justification for this is because DM with DKA is uncommon in infancy and its presentation may be mistaken for other illnesses such as meningitis, encephalitis and cerebral malaria among others, so it needs a high index of suspicion in other to avoid morbidity and mortality. The objective of reporting this case is to create awareness that although DM is uncommon in infancy, but can still occur. It should therefore be looked for. ","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87795755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Children should be protected and safe in school. An important disease like asthma, the leading chronic respiratory disease among children globally, should occupy a place of priority in a school’s health programme. Therefore, the aim of thestudy was to determine how asthma-friendly schools are in Abuja, Nigeria from a teacher’s perspective. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional, questionnaire- based survey carried out among andomly selected teachers in public primary schools. Asthmafriendliness of schools was assessed using the “How asthmafriendly is your school” questionnaire. Results: Of the 403 teachers who participated in the study, majority were females 249(61.8%), mean age was 35 years SD ±8 years, school settings were mainly urban 14 (58.3%) and majority teachers located in urban settings 251 (62.3%). The teachers scored the schools poorly on questions about availability of school policies on asthma care for the children in or out of emergency situations, quick access to asthma medications at school, availability of a full-time nurse or responsible personnel for children with asthma, training of teachers on asthma and monitoring of Air Quality Index. Adherence was scored high on questions referring to recommendations about keeping the school environment tobacco smoke free and preventing exposures to asthma triggers such as excessive dust. Majority of the schools had a poor asthmafriendliness level 300 (74.4%) based on the teachers report. Conclusion: Given the importance of asthma among children, concerted efforts should be made to ensure that schools in Abuja, Nigeria are asthma-friendly. This can be achieved by strengthening school health programmes.
{"title":"Teachers assessment of asthma-friendliness of primary schools in Abuja","authors":"E. Ekop, Adaobi Nkasiobi Azuike","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Children should be protected and safe in school. An important disease like asthma, the leading chronic respiratory disease among children globally, should occupy a place of priority in a school’s health programme. Therefore, the aim of thestudy was to determine how asthma-friendly schools are in Abuja, Nigeria from a teacher’s perspective. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional, questionnaire- based survey carried out among andomly selected teachers in public primary schools. Asthmafriendliness of schools was assessed using the “How asthmafriendly is your school” questionnaire. \u0000Results: Of the 403 teachers who participated in the study, majority were females 249(61.8%), mean age was 35 years SD ±8 years, school settings were mainly urban 14 (58.3%) and majority teachers located in urban settings 251 (62.3%). The teachers scored the schools poorly on questions about availability of school policies on asthma care for the children in or out of emergency situations, quick access to asthma medications at school, availability of a full-time nurse or responsible personnel for children with asthma, training of teachers on asthma and monitoring of Air Quality Index. Adherence was scored high on questions referring to recommendations about keeping the school environment tobacco smoke free and preventing exposures to asthma triggers such as excessive dust. Majority of the schools had a poor asthmafriendliness level 300 (74.4%) based on the teachers report. \u0000Conclusion: Given the importance of asthma among children, concerted efforts should be made to ensure that schools in Abuja, Nigeria are asthma-friendly. This can be achieved by strengthening school health programmes. ","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88032214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory illness affecting all age groups but mainly children and constitutes a major global health problem. Higher prevalence has been noted in highincome countries with reports of increasing prevalence among the population in low-income countries of Asia and Africa. Objective: To determine the epidemiology of bronchial asthma among school-aged children in rural and urban areas of Enugu State, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study of children aged 8 to 12 years selected by multistage sampling method from primary schools in the urban and rural communities in Enugu state of Nigeria was performed. Information was obtained from consenting parents/caregivers on probable asthma symptoms/signs using modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Result: An overall prevalence of bronchial asthma was 11.3%, with urban and rural areas respective prevalence of 13.1% and 11.2%. More males than females were affected in both communities (urban 13.4% vs 12.8% and rural 11.2% vs. 10.2%) respectively. Daytime wheezes (≤ 3 episodes per week) with school absence were the dominant cause of morbidity. History of atopic diseases was noted in 25.7% urban and 23.4% rural children. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of bronchial asthma among school aged children in our community particularly among the urban population. The need for more enlightenment programs for the public on the high prevalence of bronchial asthma in our locality as comparable with Western countries, some of its symptoms and its potential morbidity especially in our school-aged children. This may necessitate some general intervention like education on environmental modification to minimize trigger factors.
{"title":"Epidemiology and severity of bronchial asthma among school-aged children in EnuguState, South-East, Nigeria","authors":"D. Adiele, J. Onyia, T. Oguonu, C. Obionu","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory illness affecting all age groups but mainly children and constitutes a major global health problem. Higher prevalence has been noted in highincome countries with reports of increasing prevalence among the population in low-income countries of Asia and Africa. \u0000Objective: To determine the epidemiology of bronchial asthma among school-aged children in rural and urban areas of Enugu State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study of children aged 8 to 12 years selected by multistage sampling method from primary schools in the urban and rural communities in Enugu state of Nigeria was performed. Information was obtained from consenting parents/caregivers on probable asthma symptoms/signs using modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. \u0000Result: An overall prevalence of bronchial asthma was 11.3%, with urban and rural areas respective prevalence of 13.1% and 11.2%. More males than females were affected in both communities (urban 13.4% vs 12.8% and rural 11.2% vs. 10.2%) respectively. Daytime wheezes (≤ 3 episodes per week) with school absence were the dominant cause of morbidity. History of atopic diseases was noted in 25.7% urban and 23.4% rural children. \u0000Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of bronchial asthma among school aged children in our community particularly among the urban population. The need for more enlightenment programs for the public on the high prevalence of bronchial asthma in our locality as comparable with Western countries, some of its symptoms and its potential morbidity especially in our school-aged children. This may necessitate some general intervention like education on environmental modification to minimize trigger factors.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87183640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jibir Binta Wudil, Wudil J. Usman, I. Muuta, A. O. Oyewole
Background: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting about 10% of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography helps to identify children with SCA who are at an increased risk for stroke. This study aimed to determine the risk of stroke in children with SCA in steady state using Transcranial Doppler with Imaging (TCDI) scan abnormalities and the prevalence of TCDI scan abnormalities among children with SCA in northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We conducted acomparative study among 240 persons with SCA who attended a pediatric sickle cell clinic in northern Nigeria and were in steady state condition. We performed a transcranial ultrasound examination and collected blood samples to perform full blood counts and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Results: Abnormal velocities were obtained in 11 (9.3%) children with SCA; while 16 (13.6%) had conditional velocities and 89 (76.7%) of those had normal velocities in one or more of the four vessels studied. Most of the children in the control group 116 (96.7%) had normal velocities and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.59, p > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of TCDI sonography to predict the risk of stroke should be included in the standard of care in children with SCA in Nigeria and should be included in routine evaluation of disease severity in children with SCA
背景:卒中是影响约10%镰状细胞性贫血(SCA)患者发病和死亡的主要原因。经颅多普勒(TCD)超声检查有助于识别SCA患儿卒中风险的增加。本研究旨在利用经颅多普勒成像(TCDI)扫描异常确定稳定状态下SCA儿童卒中的风险，以及尼日利亚北部SCA儿童中TCDI扫描异常的患病率。材料和方法:我们对尼日利亚北部一家儿童镰状细胞诊所的240名SCA患者进行了一项比较研究，这些患者处于稳定状态。我们进行了经颅超声检查，并收集血液样本进行全血细胞计数和血红蛋白电泳。结果:SCA患儿11例(9.3%)出现速度异常;其中16人(13.6%)有条件流速，89人(76.7%)在研究的4条血管中有一条或多条正常流速。对照组116例患儿中绝大多数(96.7%)速度正常，组间差异无统计学意义(χ 2 = 0.59, p < 0.05)。结论:应用TCDI超声预测卒中风险应纳入尼日利亚SCA患儿的护理标准，并应纳入SCA患儿疾病严重程度的常规评估
{"title":"Assessment of the risk of stroke in children with sickle cell anemia using transcranial doppler ultrasound with imaging in Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Jibir Binta Wudil, Wudil J. Usman, I. Muuta, A. O. Oyewole","doi":"10.4314/njp.v49i4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v49i4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting about 10% of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography helps to identify children with SCA who are at an increased risk for stroke. This study aimed to determine the risk of stroke in children with SCA in steady state using Transcranial Doppler with Imaging (TCDI) scan abnormalities and the prevalence of TCDI scan abnormalities among children with SCA in northern Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: We conducted acomparative study among 240 persons with SCA who attended a pediatric sickle cell clinic in northern Nigeria and were in steady state condition. We performed a transcranial ultrasound examination and collected blood samples to perform full blood counts and hemoglobin electrophoresis. \u0000Results: Abnormal velocities were obtained in 11 (9.3%) children with SCA; while 16 (13.6%) had conditional velocities and 89 (76.7%) of those had normal velocities in one or more of the four vessels studied. Most of the children in the control group 116 (96.7%) had normal velocities and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.59, p > 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The use of TCDI sonography to predict the risk of stroke should be included in the standard of care in children with SCA in Nigeria and should be included in routine evaluation of disease severity in children with SCA ","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"474 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75070732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abraham, S. Ibhanesebhor, Mahitab H Khalil, Rania E Dahab, Dennis Joseph
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the obstetric risk factors and the management protocol of cord prolapse in our unit through analysis of cases diagnosed over a period of 30 months. The secondary objective was to assess the neonatal outcomes that may be associated with cord prolapse. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis for a period of 30 months was done during which there were 24 cases of cord prolapse (0.19% incidence) excluding cord presentations. The obstetric variables, parameters which determine the perinatal outcome were analysed. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS, Chi-Square test was used to test the statistical significance. Results and Conclusion: The mean maternal age was 31.8±5.5 years. In 50% of the cases, labor was induced. The incidence of abnormal fetal presentation was 8%, and in two patients (8%) onset of labor was preterm. The mean diagnosis to delivery interval (DDI) was 15 minutes and 30 seconds; except for one vaginal delivery, all women underwent crash cesarean section delivery. There were no perinatal mortalities noted. It throws light onto whether DDI could be a critical determinant in deciding the neonatal outcome. Maneuvers to relieve pressure on the umbilical cord was followed but poorly documented (25%) as was the communication with the women and their partners. Various neonatal parameters such as the five-minute Apgar score, Cord pH, hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intubation during resuscitation and length of stay were assessed during the study which showed satisfactory neonatal outcomes.
{"title":"Cord prolapse and the neonatal outcome","authors":"S. Abraham, S. Ibhanesebhor, Mahitab H Khalil, Rania E Dahab, Dennis Joseph","doi":"10.4314/njp.v48i4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v48i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the obstetric risk factors and the management protocol of cord prolapse in our unit through analysis of cases diagnosed over a period of 30 months. The secondary objective was to assess the neonatal outcomes that may be associated with cord prolapse. \u0000Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis for a period of 30 months was done during which there were 24 cases of cord prolapse (0.19% incidence) excluding cord presentations. The obstetric variables, parameters which determine the perinatal outcome were analysed. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS, Chi-Square test was used to test the statistical significance. \u0000Results and Conclusion: The mean maternal age was 31.8±5.5 years. In 50% of the cases, labor was induced. The incidence of abnormal fetal presentation was 8%, and in two patients (8%) onset of labor was preterm. The mean diagnosis to delivery interval (DDI) was 15 minutes and 30 seconds; except for one vaginal delivery, all women underwent crash cesarean section delivery. There were no perinatal mortalities noted. It throws light onto whether DDI could be a critical determinant in deciding the neonatal outcome. Maneuvers to relieve pressure on the umbilical cord was followed but poorly documented (25%) as was the communication with the women and their partners. Various neonatal parameters such as the five-minute Apgar score, Cord pH, hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), intubation during resuscitation and length of stay were assessed during the study which showed satisfactory neonatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79752192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ummah Abdulsalam Ibrahim, I. Mudi, M. Asani, O. Aliu-Isah, Safiyya Garba
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of morbidity in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and may present as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is often under-diagnosed and may lead to long term renal complications. Aim: This study compared the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial sensitivity in children with and without SCA seen at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 139 children with SCA in stable state and 139 children without SCA aged 1- 15 years. All children were tested for asymptomatic bacteriuria using clean catch or mid-stream urine samples. Children whose samples yielded significant bacteriuria (≥105cfu/ml) had a repeat urine culture within a week to confirm asymptomatic bacteriuria. Results: Both study groups had a mean age of 4.25 years ± 3.04, and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was higher in children with SCA(5.8%) compared to children without SCA (1.4%). Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common among females in both study groups. The most common isolate in both groups was E. coli. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to quinolones, gentamycin and nitrofurantoin but resistant to commonly used antibiotics like amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in children with SCA than those without SCA. Majority of isolated pathogens showed low susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid, this implies that the use of these drugs for empirical or first line treatment for UTI in children with SCA should be avoided.
{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity of asymptomatic bacteriuria among sickle cell anaemia patients in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"Ummah Abdulsalam Ibrahim, I. Mudi, M. Asani, O. Aliu-Isah, Safiyya Garba","doi":"10.4314/njp.v48i4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njp.v48i4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of morbidity in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and may present as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is often under-diagnosed and may lead to long term renal complications. \u0000Aim: This study compared the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial sensitivity in children with and without SCA seen at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. \u0000Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 139 children with SCA in stable state and 139 children without SCA aged 1- 15 years. All children were tested for asymptomatic bacteriuria using clean catch or mid-stream urine samples. Children whose samples yielded significant bacteriuria (≥105cfu/ml) had a repeat urine culture within a week to confirm asymptomatic bacteriuria. \u0000Results: Both study groups had a mean age of 4.25 years ± 3.04, and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was higher in children with SCA(5.8%) compared to children without SCA (1.4%). Asymptomatic bacteriuria was more common among females in both study groups. The most common isolate in both groups was E. coli. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to quinolones, gentamycin and nitrofurantoin but resistant to commonly used antibiotics like amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. \u0000Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in children with SCA than those without SCA. Majority of isolated pathogens showed low susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid, this implies that the use of these drugs for empirical or first line treatment for UTI in children with SCA should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":19199,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian journal of paediatrics","volume":"9 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80117534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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