Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01170-2
Aaron Miller, Adam Glos, Zoltán Zimborás
Quantum computers hold great promise for efficiently simulating Fermionic systems, benefiting fields like quantum chemistry and materials science. To achieve this, algorithms typically begin by choosing a Fermion-to-qubit mapping to encode the Fermionic problem in the qubits of a quantum computer. In this work, we introduce ‘Treespilation,’ a technique for efficiently mapping Fermionic systems using a large family of favourable tree-based mappings while minimising a generic cost function to reduce quantum simulation overhead. We use this technique to minimise the number of CNOT gates required to simulate approximate chemical groundstate circuits and observe significant reductions, up to 74%, in CNOT counts on full connectivity. For devices with limited qubit connectivity, we observe similar reductions in CNOT counts, often surpassing the full connectivity CNOT count for circuits encoded with the Jordan-Wigner mapping. We observed similar reductions when applied to reducing the Pauli weight of Hubbard model Hamiltonians.
{"title":"Treespilation: architecture- and state-optimised fermion-to-qubit mappings","authors":"Aaron Miller, Adam Glos, Zoltán Zimborás","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01170-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01170-2","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers hold great promise for efficiently simulating Fermionic systems, benefiting fields like quantum chemistry and materials science. To achieve this, algorithms typically begin by choosing a Fermion-to-qubit mapping to encode the Fermionic problem in the qubits of a quantum computer. In this work, we introduce ‘Treespilation,’ a technique for efficiently mapping Fermionic systems using a large family of favourable tree-based mappings while minimising a generic cost function to reduce quantum simulation overhead. We use this technique to minimise the number of CNOT gates required to simulate approximate chemical groundstate circuits and observe significant reductions, up to 74%, in CNOT counts on full connectivity. For devices with limited qubit connectivity, we observe similar reductions in CNOT counts, often surpassing the full connectivity CNOT count for circuits encoded with the Jordan-Wigner mapping. We observed similar reductions when applied to reducing the Pauli weight of Hubbard model Hamiltonians.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01163-1
Donghwa Lee, Bohdan Bilash, Jaehak Lee, Hyang-Tag Lim, Yosep Kim, Seung-Woo Lee, Yong-Su Kim
We demonstrate a two-qubit variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) implementation using two spatially separated single-photon processors connected via a 3 km optical fiber network. Our approach leverages local operations on pre-shared entanglement to evaluate two-qubit Hamiltonians. By incorporating parameterized weak measurement operations within the local operations framework, we enable access to the complete Hilbert space across distributed quantum processors – a capability typically requiring complex non-local operations. Our experimental results show accurate ground state energy estimation for Hamiltonians including H-He+ cation and the Schwinger model, validating both the necessity of weak measurements and high-quality entanglement in distributed quantum computing. This work establishes a promising direction for resource-efficient, scalable quantum network architectures that maintain full computational capabilities through local operations and controlled entanglement manipulation.
{"title":"Distributed photonic variational quantum eigensolver with parameterized weak measurements","authors":"Donghwa Lee, Bohdan Bilash, Jaehak Lee, Hyang-Tag Lim, Yosep Kim, Seung-Woo Lee, Yong-Su Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01163-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01163-1","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a two-qubit variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) implementation using two spatially separated single-photon processors connected via a 3 km optical fiber network. Our approach leverages local operations on pre-shared entanglement to evaluate two-qubit Hamiltonians. By incorporating parameterized weak measurement operations within the local operations framework, we enable access to the complete Hilbert space across distributed quantum processors – a capability typically requiring complex non-local operations. Our experimental results show accurate ground state energy estimation for Hamiltonians including H-He+ cation and the Schwinger model, validating both the necessity of weak measurements and high-quality entanglement in distributed quantum computing. This work establishes a promising direction for resource-efficient, scalable quantum network architectures that maintain full computational capabilities through local operations and controlled entanglement manipulation.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01167-x
Jian-Peng Dou, Feng Lu, Xiao-Wen Shang, Hao Tang, Xian-Min Jin
In a study of amplifying atomic spin waves, we observe a nontrivial phenomenon: The spin wave stored in moving atoms has a capability of absorbing energy from an external light source, and exhibits a regeneration process. We demonstrate that this regeneration significantly enhances the lifetime and retrieval efficiency of the spin wave, while concurrently the noise is effectively suppressed. Our results suggest that the regeneration mechanism holds promise for mitigating the pronounced decoherence typically encountered in spin waves carried by room-temperature media, therefore offering potential applications in the realms of quantum information and precision measurements at ambient conditions.
{"title":"Regeneration of spin wave in moving atoms","authors":"Jian-Peng Dou, Feng Lu, Xiao-Wen Shang, Hao Tang, Xian-Min Jin","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01167-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01167-x","url":null,"abstract":"In a study of amplifying atomic spin waves, we observe a nontrivial phenomenon: The spin wave stored in moving atoms has a capability of absorbing energy from an external light source, and exhibits a regeneration process. We demonstrate that this regeneration significantly enhances the lifetime and retrieval efficiency of the spin wave, while concurrently the noise is effectively suppressed. Our results suggest that the regeneration mechanism holds promise for mitigating the pronounced decoherence typically encountered in spin waves carried by room-temperature media, therefore offering potential applications in the realms of quantum information and precision measurements at ambient conditions.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01165-z
Tianen Chen, Yun Shang
Quantum walks, both discrete and continuous, serve as fundamental tools in quantum information processing with diverse applications. This work introduces a hybrid quantum walk model that integrates the coin mechanism of discrete walks with the Hamiltonian-driven time evolution of continuous walks. Through systematic analysis of probability distributions, standard deviations, and entanglement entropy on fundamental graph structures, we reveal distinctive dynamical characteristics that differentiate our model from conventional quantum walk paradigms. The proposed framework demonstrates unifying capabilities by naturally encompassing existing quantum walk models as special cases. Two significant applications emerge from this hybrid architecture: (1) We develop a novel protocol for perfect state transfer(PST) in general connected graphs, overcoming the limitations of previous graph-specific approaches. A PST on a tree graph has been implemented on a quantum superconducting processor. (2) We devise a quantum algorithm for multiplying K adjacency matrices of n-vertex regular graphs with time complexity O(n2d1 ⋯ dK), outperforming classical matrix multiplication (O(n2.371552)) when vertex degrees di are bounded. The algorithm’s efficacy for triangle counting is experimentally validated through the quantum simulation on PennyLane. These results establish the hybrid quantum walk as a versatile framework bridging discrete and continuous paradigms while enabling practical quantum advantage in graph computation tasks.
{"title":"A hybrid quantum walk model unifying discrete and continuous quantum walks","authors":"Tianen Chen, Yun Shang","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01165-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01165-z","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum walks, both discrete and continuous, serve as fundamental tools in quantum information processing with diverse applications. This work introduces a hybrid quantum walk model that integrates the coin mechanism of discrete walks with the Hamiltonian-driven time evolution of continuous walks. Through systematic analysis of probability distributions, standard deviations, and entanglement entropy on fundamental graph structures, we reveal distinctive dynamical characteristics that differentiate our model from conventional quantum walk paradigms. The proposed framework demonstrates unifying capabilities by naturally encompassing existing quantum walk models as special cases. Two significant applications emerge from this hybrid architecture: (1) We develop a novel protocol for perfect state transfer(PST) in general connected graphs, overcoming the limitations of previous graph-specific approaches. A PST on a tree graph has been implemented on a quantum superconducting processor. (2) We devise a quantum algorithm for multiplying K adjacency matrices of n-vertex regular graphs with time complexity O(n2d1 ⋯ dK), outperforming classical matrix multiplication (O(n2.371552)) when vertex degrees di are bounded. The algorithm’s efficacy for triangle counting is experimentally validated through the quantum simulation on PennyLane. These results establish the hybrid quantum walk as a versatile framework bridging discrete and continuous paradigms while enabling practical quantum advantage in graph computation tasks.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01164-0
Tom Jäger, MinSik Kwon, Max Keller, Rouven Maier, Nicholas Bronn, Regina Finsterhoelzl, Guido Burkard, Leon Büttner, Rebekka Eberle, Daniel Hähnel, Vadim Vorobyov, Jörg Wrachtrup
Accurately estimating the performance of quantum hardware is crucial for comparing different platforms and predicting the performance and feasibility of quantum algorithms and applications. In this paper, we tackle the problem of benchmarking a quantum register based on the NV center in diamond operating at room temperature. We define the connectivity map as well as single-qubit performance. Thanks to an all-to-all connectivity, the 2 and 3-qubit gates performance is promising and competitive among other platforms. We experimentally calibrate the error model for the register and use it to estimate the quantum volume, a metric used for quantifying the quantum computational capabilities of the register, of 8. Our results pave the way towards the unification of different architectures of quantum hardware and the evaluation of the joint metrics.
{"title":"Modeling quantum volume using randomized benchmarking of Room-Temperature NV center quantum registers","authors":"Tom Jäger, MinSik Kwon, Max Keller, Rouven Maier, Nicholas Bronn, Regina Finsterhoelzl, Guido Burkard, Leon Büttner, Rebekka Eberle, Daniel Hähnel, Vadim Vorobyov, Jörg Wrachtrup","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01164-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01164-0","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately estimating the performance of quantum hardware is crucial for comparing different platforms and predicting the performance and feasibility of quantum algorithms and applications. In this paper, we tackle the problem of benchmarking a quantum register based on the NV center in diamond operating at room temperature. We define the connectivity map as well as single-qubit performance. Thanks to an all-to-all connectivity, the 2 and 3-qubit gates performance is promising and competitive among other platforms. We experimentally calibrate the error model for the register and use it to estimate the quantum volume, a metric used for quantifying the quantum computational capabilities of the register, of 8. Our results pave the way towards the unification of different architectures of quantum hardware and the evaluation of the joint metrics.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01135-5
Sangwoo Jeon, Changhun Oh
Certifying the correct functioning of a unitary channel is a critical step toward reliable quantum information processing. In this work, we investigate the query complexity of the unitary channel certification task: testing whether a given d-dimensional unitary channel is identical to or ε-far in diamond distance from a target unitary operation. We show that incoherent algorithms—those without quantum memory—require Ω(d/ε2) queries, matching the known upper bound. In addition, for general quantum algorithms, we prove a lower bound of Omega (sqrt{d}/varepsilon )Omega (sqrt{d}/varepsilon ) and present a matching quantum algorithm based on quantum singular value transformation, establishing a tight query complexity of Theta (sqrt{d}/varepsilon )Theta (sqrt{d}/varepsilon ). On the other hand, notably, we prove that for almost all unitary channels drawn from a natural average-case ensemble, certification can be accomplished with only {mathcal{O}}(1/{varepsilon }^{2}){mathcal{O}}(1/{varepsilon }^{2}) queries. This demonstrates an exponential query complexity gap between worst- and average-case scenarios in certification, implying that certification is significantly easier for most unitary channels encountered in practice. Together, our results offer both theoretical insights and practical tools for verifying quantum processes.
{"title":"On the query complexity of unitary channel certification","authors":"Sangwoo Jeon, Changhun Oh","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01135-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01135-5","url":null,"abstract":"Certifying the correct functioning of a unitary channel is a critical step toward reliable quantum information processing. In this work, we investigate the query complexity of the unitary channel certification task: testing whether a given d-dimensional unitary channel is identical to or ε-far in diamond distance from a target unitary operation. We show that incoherent algorithms—those without quantum memory—require Ω(d/ε2) queries, matching the known upper bound. In addition, for general quantum algorithms, we prove a lower bound of Omega (sqrt{d}/varepsilon )Omega (sqrt{d}/varepsilon ) and present a matching quantum algorithm based on quantum singular value transformation, establishing a tight query complexity of Theta (sqrt{d}/varepsilon )Theta (sqrt{d}/varepsilon ). On the other hand, notably, we prove that for almost all unitary channels drawn from a natural average-case ensemble, certification can be accomplished with only {mathcal{O}}(1/{varepsilon }^{2}){mathcal{O}}(1/{varepsilon }^{2}) queries. This demonstrates an exponential query complexity gap between worst- and average-case scenarios in certification, implying that certification is significantly easier for most unitary channels encountered in practice. Together, our results offer both theoretical insights and practical tools for verifying quantum processes.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Absorption and emission, fundamental interactions between light and matter, enable the regeneration of a quantum state of light via matter through concatenated quantum state transfer based on the principle of quantum teleportation. This transfer is enabled by electron spin-orbit entanglement and electron-nuclear spin entanglement inherent within the material. Here, we demonstrate that a photon quantum state imprinted in polarization is transferred to another photon emitted from a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. This transfer is heralded by the result of the Bell state measurement between the electron and nitrogen nuclear spins. We show that the minimum number of incident photons needed to achieve transfer is, on average, only 0.1 photons, enabling quantum teleportation over 10 km. This demonstration paves the way for a quantum repeater that is robust against phase and intensity errors, unlike the conventional photon interference scheme, thereby facilitating practical quantum networks.
{"title":"Quantum teleportation of a photon via absorption and emission for quantum repeater nodes","authors":"Raustin Reyes, Yuhei Sekiguchi, Daisuke Ito, Taichi Fujiwara, Kansei Watanabe, Toshiharu Makino, Hiromitsu Kato, Hideo Kosaka","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01169-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01169-9","url":null,"abstract":"Absorption and emission, fundamental interactions between light and matter, enable the regeneration of a quantum state of light via matter through concatenated quantum state transfer based on the principle of quantum teleportation. This transfer is enabled by electron spin-orbit entanglement and electron-nuclear spin entanglement inherent within the material. Here, we demonstrate that a photon quantum state imprinted in polarization is transferred to another photon emitted from a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. This transfer is heralded by the result of the Bell state measurement between the electron and nitrogen nuclear spins. We show that the minimum number of incident photons needed to achieve transfer is, on average, only 0.1 photons, enabling quantum teleportation over 10 km. This demonstration paves the way for a quantum repeater that is robust against phase and intensity errors, unlike the conventional photon interference scheme, thereby facilitating practical quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01166-y
Lixiang Ding, Jingtao Fan, Xingze Qiu
Mitigating noise-induced decoherence is the central challenge in controlling open quantum systems. While existing robust protocols often require precise noise models, we introduce a universal framework for noise-agnostic quantum control that achieves high-fidelity operations without prior environmental noise characterization. This framework capitalizes on the dynamical modification of the system-environment coupling through control drives, an effect rigorously encoded in the dynamical equation. Since the derived noise sensitivity metric remains independent of the coupling details between the system and the environment, our protocol demonstrates robustness against arbitrary Markovian noises within the first-order weak coupling approximation. Numerical validation through quantum state transfer and gate operations reveals near-unity fidelity across diverse noise regimes, achieving orders-of-magnitude error suppression compared to target-only approaches. This framework bridges critical gaps between theoretical control design and experimental constraints, establishing a broadly applicable strategy for high-fidelity quantum information processing across platforms such as superconducting circuits, trapped ions, and solid-state qubits.
{"title":"Universally robust control of open quantum systems","authors":"Lixiang Ding, Jingtao Fan, Xingze Qiu","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01166-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01166-y","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigating noise-induced decoherence is the central challenge in controlling open quantum systems. While existing robust protocols often require precise noise models, we introduce a universal framework for noise-agnostic quantum control that achieves high-fidelity operations without prior environmental noise characterization. This framework capitalizes on the dynamical modification of the system-environment coupling through control drives, an effect rigorously encoded in the dynamical equation. Since the derived noise sensitivity metric remains independent of the coupling details between the system and the environment, our protocol demonstrates robustness against arbitrary Markovian noises within the first-order weak coupling approximation. Numerical validation through quantum state transfer and gate operations reveals near-unity fidelity across diverse noise regimes, achieving orders-of-magnitude error suppression compared to target-only approaches. This framework bridges critical gaps between theoretical control design and experimental constraints, establishing a broadly applicable strategy for high-fidelity quantum information processing across platforms such as superconducting circuits, trapped ions, and solid-state qubits.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1038/s41534-025-01160-4
Chithra Raj, Tushita Prasad, Anubhav Chaturvedi, Lucas Pollyceno, Daniel Spegel-Lexne, Santiago Gómez, Joakim Argillander, Alvaro Alarcón, Guilherme B. Xavier, Marcin Pawłowski, Pedro R. Dieguez
Wave-particle duality (WPD) is known to be equivalent to an entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) based on the min- and max-entropies, which have a clear operational meaning in quantum cryptography. Here, we derive a connection between wave-particle relations and the semi-device-independent (SDI) security framework. In particular, we express an SDI witness entirely in terms of two complementary interferometric quantities: visibility and input distinguishability. Applying a symmetry condition to the interferometric quantities, we identify a scenario in which the classical bound is violated and the security condition is met in wave-particle experiments with a tunable beam splitter (TBS). This enables the certification of non-classicality and the positivity of the key rate directly from complementary interferometric quantities, as well as from informational entropic quantities. Moreover, we perform a proof-of-principle experiment using orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) encoded quantum states of light in a tunable interferometer, validating our theoretical predictions. We analyze an improved bound on the SDI security condition for qubits, effectively enlarging the parameter region where secure communication can be certified. Finally, we extend the framework to multipath interferometers, establishing that the fundamental correspondence between information-access limitations and interferometric complementarity, demonstrated in the two-path scenario, persists across arbitrary dimensions.
{"title":"Certifying semi-device-independent security via wave-particle duality experiments","authors":"Chithra Raj, Tushita Prasad, Anubhav Chaturvedi, Lucas Pollyceno, Daniel Spegel-Lexne, Santiago Gómez, Joakim Argillander, Alvaro Alarcón, Guilherme B. Xavier, Marcin Pawłowski, Pedro R. Dieguez","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01160-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01160-4","url":null,"abstract":"Wave-particle duality (WPD) is known to be equivalent to an entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) based on the min- and max-entropies, which have a clear operational meaning in quantum cryptography. Here, we derive a connection between wave-particle relations and the semi-device-independent (SDI) security framework. In particular, we express an SDI witness entirely in terms of two complementary interferometric quantities: visibility and input distinguishability. Applying a symmetry condition to the interferometric quantities, we identify a scenario in which the classical bound is violated and the security condition is met in wave-particle experiments with a tunable beam splitter (TBS). This enables the certification of non-classicality and the positivity of the key rate directly from complementary interferometric quantities, as well as from informational entropic quantities. Moreover, we perform a proof-of-principle experiment using orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) encoded quantum states of light in a tunable interferometer, validating our theoretical predictions. We analyze an improved bound on the SDI security condition for qubits, effectively enlarging the parameter region where secure communication can be certified. Finally, we extend the framework to multipath interferometers, establishing that the fundamental correspondence between information-access limitations and interferometric complementarity, demonstrated in the two-path scenario, persists across arbitrary dimensions.","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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