Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002090
Erika G González-Pérez, Nicté Figueroa-Vega, Silvia Solís-Ortiz
This study aimed to compare the effect of the early postmenopausal period on resting-state electroencephalographic spectral power with that of the premenopausal period and to analyze the correlation between electroencephalographic spectral power values and endogenous ovarian hormone levels. This study involved 13 early postmenopausal women and 10 premenopausal women in the early follicular, 10 in the ovulatory phase, and 10 in the early luteal phase who underwent resting-state quantitative electroencephalographic spectral power with eyes closed and endogenous ovarian hormone measurements. The delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 absolute power were compared between the early postmenopausal and premenopausal groups. Correlations between electroencephalographic spectral power values and 17β estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone levels were analyzed in early postmenopausal women. Compared with the premenopausal group, the early postmenopausal group showed significantly higher resting-state theta power in the frontal region, alpha1 and alpha2 power in the frontal and central regions, beta1 power in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions, and beta2 power in the centroparietal region. Beta2 power values were positively correlated with FSH levels. The current findings highlight that early postmenopausal women show greater resting-state alpha and beta power, which suggests cortical excitability of fast frequency bands involved in states of alertness, focus of attention, cognition, and emotion. Additionally, we emphasized the effect of FSH levels on fast cortical activation in early postmenopausal women.
{"title":"Effect of early postmenopause and premenopause on resting-state electroencephalographic and their correlation with ovarian hormone levels.","authors":"Erika G González-Pérez, Nicté Figueroa-Vega, Silvia Solís-Ortiz","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000002090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the effect of the early postmenopausal period on resting-state electroencephalographic spectral power with that of the premenopausal period and to analyze the correlation between electroencephalographic spectral power values and endogenous ovarian hormone levels. This study involved 13 early postmenopausal women and 10 premenopausal women in the early follicular, 10 in the ovulatory phase, and 10 in the early luteal phase who underwent resting-state quantitative electroencephalographic spectral power with eyes closed and endogenous ovarian hormone measurements. The delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 absolute power were compared between the early postmenopausal and premenopausal groups. Correlations between electroencephalographic spectral power values and 17β estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone levels were analyzed in early postmenopausal women. Compared with the premenopausal group, the early postmenopausal group showed significantly higher resting-state theta power in the frontal region, alpha1 and alpha2 power in the frontal and central regions, beta1 power in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions, and beta2 power in the centroparietal region. Beta2 power values were positively correlated with FSH levels. The current findings highlight that early postmenopausal women show greater resting-state alpha and beta power, which suggests cortical excitability of fast frequency bands involved in states of alertness, focus of attention, cognition, and emotion. Additionally, we emphasized the effect of FSH levels on fast cortical activation in early postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002066
Eun Jung Sohn, Kun-Taek Park
Recent studies have shown that autophagy is activated in response to nerve damage and occurs simultaneously with the initial stages of Schwann cell-mediated demyelination. Although several studies have reported that macroautophagy is involved in the peripheral nerve, the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has not yet been investigated in peripheral nerve injury. The present study investigates the role of CMA in the sciatic nerve. Using a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, the authors employed immunofluorescence analysis to observe the expression of LAMP2A, a critical marker for CMA. RNA sequencing was performed to observe the transcriptional profile of Lamp2a in Schwann cells. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to observe the hub genes associated with Lamp2a . Expression of Lamp2a , a key gene in CMA, increased following sciatic nerve injury, based on an immunofluorescence assay. To identify differentially expressed genes using Lamp2a , RNA sequence analysis was conducted using rat Schwann cells overexpressing Lamp2a . The nine hub genes ( Snrpf, Polr1d, Snip1, Aqr, Polr2h, Ssbp1, Mterf3, Adcy6 , and Sbds ) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Functional analysis revealed that Lamp2a overexpression affected the transcription levels of genes associated with mitotic spindle organization and mRNA splicing via the spliceosome. In addition, Polr1d and Snrpf1 were downregulated throughout postnatal development but elevated following sciatic nerve injury, according to a bioinformatics study. CMA may be an integral pathway in sciatic nerve injury via mRNA splicing.
{"title":"Transcriptional genes of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A in sciatic nerve injuries by bioinformatics.","authors":"Eun Jung Sohn, Kun-Taek Park","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002066","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that autophagy is activated in response to nerve damage and occurs simultaneously with the initial stages of Schwann cell-mediated demyelination. Although several studies have reported that macroautophagy is involved in the peripheral nerve, the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has not yet been investigated in peripheral nerve injury. The present study investigates the role of CMA in the sciatic nerve. Using a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, the authors employed immunofluorescence analysis to observe the expression of LAMP2A, a critical marker for CMA. RNA sequencing was performed to observe the transcriptional profile of Lamp2a in Schwann cells. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to observe the hub genes associated with Lamp2a . Expression of Lamp2a , a key gene in CMA, increased following sciatic nerve injury, based on an immunofluorescence assay. To identify differentially expressed genes using Lamp2a , RNA sequence analysis was conducted using rat Schwann cells overexpressing Lamp2a . The nine hub genes ( Snrpf, Polr1d, Snip1, Aqr, Polr2h, Ssbp1, Mterf3, Adcy6 , and Sbds ) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape. Functional analysis revealed that Lamp2a overexpression affected the transcription levels of genes associated with mitotic spindle organization and mRNA splicing via the spliceosome. In addition, Polr1d and Snrpf1 were downregulated throughout postnatal development but elevated following sciatic nerve injury, according to a bioinformatics study. CMA may be an integral pathway in sciatic nerve injury via mRNA splicing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002069
Amour Simal, Robert J Zatorre, Pierre Jolicœur
Accurate predictions and the processing of prediction error signals can be important for efficient interaction with the auditory environment. In a reanalysis of data from Simal et al . (2021), who found that informative tones elicited increased N1 and P2 event-related potential components, we sought to identify electrophysiological indicators in the time-frequency domain associated with disambiguation of the hearing context and prediction of forthcoming stimulation. Participants heard two isochronous sequences of pure tones separated by a silent retention interval. A sequence could contain one, three, or five tones. Fifteen participants heard the three load conditions randomly intermixed. In this case, when sequence length was unknown, the second and fourth tone during encoding contained information allowing the prediction of another tone. Other participants heard the sequences blocked by sequence length, and the second and fourth tone of the sequences provided no new information (and hence were not informative). We used wavelet analysis and Hilbert transform methods to analyse the oscillatory activity related to tone informativeness. We found a significant increase in theta (4-7 Hz) amplitude following a tone that was informative and allowed prediction, in comparison with a tone that carried no predictive information. Previous work suggests increased theta amplitude is linked with task switching and an increase in cognitive control. We suggest informative tones recruit higher-level control processes involved in prediction of upcoming auditory events.
{"title":"Theta oscillations linked to auditory informativeness and context disambiguation.","authors":"Amour Simal, Robert J Zatorre, Pierre Jolicœur","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002069","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate predictions and the processing of prediction error signals can be important for efficient interaction with the auditory environment. In a reanalysis of data from Simal et al . (2021), who found that informative tones elicited increased N1 and P2 event-related potential components, we sought to identify electrophysiological indicators in the time-frequency domain associated with disambiguation of the hearing context and prediction of forthcoming stimulation. Participants heard two isochronous sequences of pure tones separated by a silent retention interval. A sequence could contain one, three, or five tones. Fifteen participants heard the three load conditions randomly intermixed. In this case, when sequence length was unknown, the second and fourth tone during encoding contained information allowing the prediction of another tone. Other participants heard the sequences blocked by sequence length, and the second and fourth tone of the sequences provided no new information (and hence were not informative). We used wavelet analysis and Hilbert transform methods to analyse the oscillatory activity related to tone informativeness. We found a significant increase in theta (4-7 Hz) amplitude following a tone that was informative and allowed prediction, in comparison with a tone that carried no predictive information. Previous work suggests increased theta amplitude is linked with task switching and an increase in cognitive control. We suggest informative tones recruit higher-level control processes involved in prediction of upcoming auditory events.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002065
Evgenii Kim, Jared Van Reet, Seung-Schik Yoo
Objective: Solute transport in the brain is essential for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that neuronal activity enhances the transport of cerebrospinal fluid solutes, but its impact on interstitial solute transport has not been established. In this study, we investigated whether neuronal activity affects the transport of interstitial solutes.
Methods: Fluorescent Texas Red ovalbumin was injected intracortically into the unilateral sensorimotor area of the Sprague-Dawley rats. Regional neuronal activity around the injection site was elicited by transdermal electrical stimulation of a corresponding forelimb for 90 min ( n = 6). The control group of rats ( n = 6) did not receive any electrical stimulation. Subsequently, the spatial distributions of the tracer over the cortical surface and from the brain sections were imaged and compared between two groups. The ovalbumin fluorescence from the cervical lymph nodes was also compared between the groups to evaluate the effect of neuronal activity on solute clearance from the brain.
Results: Tracer distribution over the brain surface/sections revealed a significantly higher uptake of ovalbumin in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injection among the stimulated animals compared to the unstimulated group. This difference, however, was not seen in the hemisphere contralateral to injection. A trace amount of ovalbumin in the lymph nodes was equivalent between the groups, which indicated a considerable time needed for interstitial solutes to be drained from the brain.
Conclusion: The results suggest that neuronal activity enhances interstitial solute transport, calling for further examination of ultimate routes and mechanisms for brain solute clearance.
{"title":"Enhanced transport of brain interstitial solutes mediated by stimulation of sensorimotor area in rats.","authors":"Evgenii Kim, Jared Van Reet, Seung-Schik Yoo","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002065","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Solute transport in the brain is essential for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that neuronal activity enhances the transport of cerebrospinal fluid solutes, but its impact on interstitial solute transport has not been established. In this study, we investigated whether neuronal activity affects the transport of interstitial solutes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fluorescent Texas Red ovalbumin was injected intracortically into the unilateral sensorimotor area of the Sprague-Dawley rats. Regional neuronal activity around the injection site was elicited by transdermal electrical stimulation of a corresponding forelimb for 90 min ( n = 6). The control group of rats ( n = 6) did not receive any electrical stimulation. Subsequently, the spatial distributions of the tracer over the cortical surface and from the brain sections were imaged and compared between two groups. The ovalbumin fluorescence from the cervical lymph nodes was also compared between the groups to evaluate the effect of neuronal activity on solute clearance from the brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tracer distribution over the brain surface/sections revealed a significantly higher uptake of ovalbumin in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injection among the stimulated animals compared to the unstimulated group. This difference, however, was not seen in the hemisphere contralateral to injection. A trace amount of ovalbumin in the lymph nodes was equivalent between the groups, which indicated a considerable time needed for interstitial solutes to be drained from the brain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that neuronal activity enhances interstitial solute transport, calling for further examination of ultimate routes and mechanisms for brain solute clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002055
Shu Aizawa, Yutaka Yamamuro
Objective: Tyrosinase is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin pigment in peripheral tissues, such as skin and the retina. We recently reported the expression and enzymatic activity of tyrosinase as well as its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced protein damage in the mouse brain. The functional role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system, however, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of tyrosinase in social behavior in mice.
Methods: Pigmented C57BL/10JMsHir (B10) and tyrosinase-deficient albino B10.C- Tyr c /Hir (B10-c) mice were subjected to the three-chamber sociability test to assess sociability and social novelty preference. In addition, we measured the mRNA expression of genes involved in catecholamine metabolism in the hippocampus by real-time quantitative PCR analysis.
Results: The results obtained showed that tyrosinase deficiency impaired social novelty preference, but not sociability in mice. We also found that the hippocampal expression of genes involved in catecholamine metabolism, such as monoamine oxidase A and catechol-O-methyltransferase , were significantly decreased in tyrosinase-deficient B10-c mice.
Conclusion: These results suggest that tyrosinase activity is functionally involved in the phenotypic expression of social behavior, particularly social novelty preference, in mice. The present study will advance our understanding of the functional role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system.
{"title":"Tyrosinase deficiency impairs social novelty preference in mice.","authors":"Shu Aizawa, Yutaka Yamamuro","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002055","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tyrosinase is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin pigment in peripheral tissues, such as skin and the retina. We recently reported the expression and enzymatic activity of tyrosinase as well as its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced protein damage in the mouse brain. The functional role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system, however, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of tyrosinase in social behavior in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pigmented C57BL/10JMsHir (B10) and tyrosinase-deficient albino B10.C- Tyr c /Hir (B10-c) mice were subjected to the three-chamber sociability test to assess sociability and social novelty preference. In addition, we measured the mRNA expression of genes involved in catecholamine metabolism in the hippocampus by real-time quantitative PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results obtained showed that tyrosinase deficiency impaired social novelty preference, but not sociability in mice. We also found that the hippocampal expression of genes involved in catecholamine metabolism, such as monoamine oxidase A and catechol-O-methyltransferase , were significantly decreased in tyrosinase-deficient B10-c mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that tyrosinase activity is functionally involved in the phenotypic expression of social behavior, particularly social novelty preference, in mice. The present study will advance our understanding of the functional role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate how electroacupuncture regulates the learning and memory abilities of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) rats through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway on the hippocampal microglia. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery group, PSCI model group, and electroacupuncture group, with 10 rats in each group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to establish the PSCI model. The Zea Longa method was used to score the rats' neurological function. Electroacupuncture was utilized for 21 days to improve PSCI. The learning and memory abilities of rats were tested using the Morris water maze. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence were used to find the hippocampus' pathological changes. The concentration of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-18 were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of associated inflammatory corpuscles were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and NLRP3 were measured using western blotting. Electroacupuncture improved not only the learning and memory abilities of PSCI rats but also hippocampal morphology. Electroacupuncture inhibited the activation of microglia and the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Electroacupuncture also reduced proinflammatory factors and restrained the mRNA levels of NLRP3-associated inflammatory cytokines. Its mechanism was related to inhibiting the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, attenuating the release of inflammatory factors, and regulating the activation of hippocampal microglia in the brain.
{"title":"Electroacupuncture improves the learning and memory abilities of rats with PSCI by attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway on the hippocampal microglia.","authors":"Jing Bian, Chunxu Liu, Xiang Li, Xiaoye Qin, Feng Wang, Lina Xuan, Weimin Zhang","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002067","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate how electroacupuncture regulates the learning and memory abilities of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) rats through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway on the hippocampal microglia. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham surgery group, PSCI model group, and electroacupuncture group, with 10 rats in each group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was used to establish the PSCI model. The Zea Longa method was used to score the rats' neurological function. Electroacupuncture was utilized for 21 days to improve PSCI. The learning and memory abilities of rats were tested using the Morris water maze. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence were used to find the hippocampus' pathological changes. The concentration of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-18 were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of associated inflammatory corpuscles were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and NLRP3 were measured using western blotting. Electroacupuncture improved not only the learning and memory abilities of PSCI rats but also hippocampal morphology. Electroacupuncture inhibited the activation of microglia and the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Electroacupuncture also reduced proinflammatory factors and restrained the mRNA levels of NLRP3-associated inflammatory cytokines. Its mechanism was related to inhibiting the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, attenuating the release of inflammatory factors, and regulating the activation of hippocampal microglia in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11236269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002089
Savannah Harvey, Donisha S N K Liyanagamage, Tapasya Pal, Anica Klockars, Allen S Levine, Pawel K Olszewski
Dysregulated appetite is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and it includes excessive interest in tasty foods. Overconsumption of palatable fluids has been found in the valproic acid-induced ASD rat. Though ASD has a strong genetic component, the link between ASD-related genes and appetite for palatable foods remains elusive. We focused on the CNTNAP2 gene whose deletion in mice recapitulates human ASD symptoms. We investigated whether Cntnap2-/- male mice consume greater amounts of palatable 10% sucrose, 0.1% saccharin, and 4.1% intralipid solutions offered in episodic meals either in a no-choice paradigm or a two-bottle choice test. We examined how sucrose intake affects c-Fos immunoreactivity in feeding-related brain areas. Finally, we determined doses at which intraperitoneal oxytocin decreases sucrose intake in mutants. In the single-bottle tests, Cntnap2-/- mice drank more sucrose, saccharin, and intralipid compared to WTs. Given a choice between two tastants, Cntnap2-/- mice had a higher preference for sucrose than intralipid. While the standard 1 mg/kg oxytocin dose reduced sucrose intake in WTs, a low oxytocin dose (0.1 mg/kg) decreased sucrose intake in Cntnap2-/- mice. Sucrose intake induced a more robust c-Fos response in wild-type (WT) than Cntnap2-/- mice in the reward and hypothalamic sites and it increased the percentage of Fos-immunoreactivity oxytocin neurons in WTs, but not in mutants. We conclude that Cntnap2-/- mice overconsume palatable solutions, especially sucrose, beyond levels seen in WTs. This excessive consumption is associated with blunted c-Fos immunoreactivity in feeding-related brain sites, and it can be reversed by low-dose oxytocin.
{"title":"Palatable solution overconsumption in the Cntnap2-/- murine model of autism: a link with oxytocin.","authors":"Savannah Harvey, Donisha S N K Liyanagamage, Tapasya Pal, Anica Klockars, Allen S Levine, Pawel K Olszewski","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000002089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysregulated appetite is common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and it includes excessive interest in tasty foods. Overconsumption of palatable fluids has been found in the valproic acid-induced ASD rat. Though ASD has a strong genetic component, the link between ASD-related genes and appetite for palatable foods remains elusive. We focused on the CNTNAP2 gene whose deletion in mice recapitulates human ASD symptoms. We investigated whether Cntnap2-/- male mice consume greater amounts of palatable 10% sucrose, 0.1% saccharin, and 4.1% intralipid solutions offered in episodic meals either in a no-choice paradigm or a two-bottle choice test. We examined how sucrose intake affects c-Fos immunoreactivity in feeding-related brain areas. Finally, we determined doses at which intraperitoneal oxytocin decreases sucrose intake in mutants. In the single-bottle tests, Cntnap2-/- mice drank more sucrose, saccharin, and intralipid compared to WTs. Given a choice between two tastants, Cntnap2-/- mice had a higher preference for sucrose than intralipid. While the standard 1 mg/kg oxytocin dose reduced sucrose intake in WTs, a low oxytocin dose (0.1 mg/kg) decreased sucrose intake in Cntnap2-/- mice. Sucrose intake induced a more robust c-Fos response in wild-type (WT) than Cntnap2-/- mice in the reward and hypothalamic sites and it increased the percentage of Fos-immunoreactivity oxytocin neurons in WTs, but not in mutants. We conclude that Cntnap2-/- mice overconsume palatable solutions, especially sucrose, beyond levels seen in WTs. This excessive consumption is associated with blunted c-Fos immunoreactivity in feeding-related brain sites, and it can be reversed by low-dose oxytocin.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002054
Xiaoqing Song, Xuliang Fan
We aimed to study the reparative effects of orientin against spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and explore its potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Sham, SCI, Orientin, and SB203580 [an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)] groups. In the SCI group, rats underwent Allen's beat. SCI animals in Orientin and SB203580 groups were respectively treated with 40 mg kg-1 orientin and 3 mg kg-1 SB203580 once daily. Functional recovery was evaluated based on Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring. Histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. Cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. The relative quantity of apoptosis-related proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament 200 (NF200), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was detected via western blotting. The indices related to inflammation and oxidation were measured using agent kits. The p38MAPK/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling activity was detected using real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Orientin was revealed to effectively mitigate cell apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in impaired tissues. Meanwhile, orientin exerted great neuroprotective effects by abating GFAP expression, and up-regulating the expression of NF200 and BDNF, and significantly suppressed the p38MAPK/iNOS signaling. Orientin application could promote the repair of secondary SCI through attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, reducing cell apoptosis and suppressing p38MAPK/iNOS signaling.
{"title":"Protective effects of orientin against spinal cord injury in rats.","authors":"Xiaoqing Song, Xuliang Fan","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002054","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to study the reparative effects of orientin against spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and explore its potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Sham, SCI, Orientin, and SB203580 [an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)] groups. In the SCI group, rats underwent Allen's beat. SCI animals in Orientin and SB203580 groups were respectively treated with 40 mg kg-1 orientin and 3 mg kg-1 SB203580 once daily. Functional recovery was evaluated based on Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring. Histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. Cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining. The relative quantity of apoptosis-related proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament 200 (NF200), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was detected via western blotting. The indices related to inflammation and oxidation were measured using agent kits. The p38MAPK/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling activity was detected using real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Orientin was revealed to effectively mitigate cell apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in impaired tissues. Meanwhile, orientin exerted great neuroprotective effects by abating GFAP expression, and up-regulating the expression of NF200 and BDNF, and significantly suppressed the p38MAPK/iNOS signaling. Orientin application could promote the repair of secondary SCI through attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, reducing cell apoptosis and suppressing p38MAPK/iNOS signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11236268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002068
Zhi Wen, Yu-Xuan He, Xin Huang
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a serious eye condition that poses a risk to vision, resulting from the blockage of the central retinal artery. Because of the anatomical connection between the ocular artery, which derives from the internal carotid artery, and the anterior middle cerebral artery, hemodynamic alterations and sudden vision loss associated with CRAO may impact brain functionality. This study aimed to examine alterations in spontaneous neural activity among patients with CRAO by resting-state functional MRI. In addition, we selected the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values as classification features for distinguishing CRAO from healthy controls (HCs) using a support vector machine classifier. A total of 18 patients diagnosed with CRAO and 18 HCs participated in the study. Resting-state brain function images and structural images were acquired from both groups. Aberrant changes in spontaneous brain functional activity among CRAO patients were investigated utilizing ALFF and fALFF analysis methods. Group differences in ALFF/fALFF values were assessed through a two-sample t -test. Subsequently, a machine learning classifier was developed to evaluate the clinical diagnostic potential of ALFF and fALFF values. In comparison to HCs, individuals with CRAO exhibited significantly higher ALFF values in the left cerebellum_6, vermis_7, left superior frontal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part. Conversely, the CRAO group displayed notably lower ALFF values in the left precuneus and left median cingulum gyri. Furthermore, higher fALFF values were observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part, whereas lower fALFF values were noted in the right cerebellum_Crus2, left precuneus, right angular gyrus, left angular gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and left precuneus. Utilizing the ALFF/fALFF values, the receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve) yielded 0.99 and 0.94 through machine learning analysis techniques. CRAO patients exhibit atypical neural activity in the brain, characterized by ALFF and fALFF values predominantly localized in the frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions, which are closely linked to visual cognition and motor control impairments. Furthermore, ALFF and fALFF could serve as potential neuroimaging markers beyond the orbit among CRAO.
{"title":"Spontaneous brain activity in patients with central retinal artery occlusion: a resting-state functional MRI study using machine learning.","authors":"Zhi Wen, Yu-Xuan He, Xin Huang","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002068","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a serious eye condition that poses a risk to vision, resulting from the blockage of the central retinal artery. Because of the anatomical connection between the ocular artery, which derives from the internal carotid artery, and the anterior middle cerebral artery, hemodynamic alterations and sudden vision loss associated with CRAO may impact brain functionality. This study aimed to examine alterations in spontaneous neural activity among patients with CRAO by resting-state functional MRI. In addition, we selected the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values as classification features for distinguishing CRAO from healthy controls (HCs) using a support vector machine classifier. A total of 18 patients diagnosed with CRAO and 18 HCs participated in the study. Resting-state brain function images and structural images were acquired from both groups. Aberrant changes in spontaneous brain functional activity among CRAO patients were investigated utilizing ALFF and fALFF analysis methods. Group differences in ALFF/fALFF values were assessed through a two-sample t -test. Subsequently, a machine learning classifier was developed to evaluate the clinical diagnostic potential of ALFF and fALFF values. In comparison to HCs, individuals with CRAO exhibited significantly higher ALFF values in the left cerebellum_6, vermis_7, left superior frontal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part. Conversely, the CRAO group displayed notably lower ALFF values in the left precuneus and left median cingulum gyri. Furthermore, higher fALFF values were observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part, whereas lower fALFF values were noted in the right cerebellum_Crus2, left precuneus, right angular gyrus, left angular gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and left precuneus. Utilizing the ALFF/fALFF values, the receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve) yielded 0.99 and 0.94 through machine learning analysis techniques. CRAO patients exhibit atypical neural activity in the brain, characterized by ALFF and fALFF values predominantly localized in the frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions, which are closely linked to visual cognition and motor control impairments. Furthermore, ALFF and fALFF could serve as potential neuroimaging markers beyond the orbit among CRAO.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000002057
Jianxiong Song, Yuanyuan Wang, Fang Ouyang, Xianjun Zeng, Jian Yang
To explore the differences in brain imaging in tinnitus with or without hearing loss (HL). We acquired functional MRI scans from 26 tinnitus patients with HL (tinnitus-HL), 24 tinnitus patients with no HL (tinnitus-NHL), and 26 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The left and right thalamus were selected as seeds to study the endogenous functional connectivity (FC) of the whole brain, and its correlation with clinical indices was analyzed. Brain regions showing FC differences among the three groups included the Heschl gyrus (HES), right Hippocampus (HIP), right Amygdala (AMYG), left Calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex (CAL). Post hoc analysis showed that the thalamus-HIP connection and thalamus-lingual gyrus (LING) connection were enhanced in the tinnitus-NHL group, as compared to tinnitus-HL. Compared with HCs, the tinnitus-NHL group showed an enhanced connection between the thalamus and the left Inferior occipital gyrus, left CAL and LING. While in the tinnitus-HL group, the connection between the thalamus and several brain regions (right HES, right AMYG, etc) was weakened. In the tinnitus-HL group, the tinnitus handicap inventory scores were positively correlated with the FC of the left thalamus and right HES, right thalamus and right Rolandic operculum. The duration of tinnitus was negatively correlated with the FC of the right thalamus and right HIP. Abnormal FC in the thalamus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. Tinnitus-NHL and tinnitus-HL show different connection patterns, indicating that there are some differences in their pathogenesis.
目的:探讨有无听力损失(HL)的耳鸣患者大脑成像的差异。我们采集了 26 名有听力损失(HL)的耳鸣患者(耳鸣-HL)、24 名没有听力损失(HL)的耳鸣患者(耳鸣-NHL)以及 26 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组(HCs)的功能磁共振成像扫描。研究人员选取了左右丘脑作为研究全脑内源性功能连接(FC)的种子,并分析了其与临床指标的相关性。三组之间出现功能连接差异的脑区包括赫氏回(HES)、右侧海马(HIP)、右侧杏仁核(AMYG)、左侧钙化裂及其周围皮层(CAL)。事后分析表明,与耳鸣-HL组相比,耳鸣-NHL组丘脑-HIP连接和丘脑-舌回(LING)连接增强。与 HCs 相比,耳鸣-NHL 组的丘脑与左枕下回、左 CAL 和 LING 之间的连接增强。而在耳鸣-HL 组中,丘脑与多个脑区(右 HES、右 AMYG 等)之间的联系减弱。在耳鸣-HL 组中,耳鸣障碍量表评分与左丘脑和右 HES、右丘脑和右 Rolandic operculum 的 FC 值呈正相关。耳鸣持续时间与右丘脑和右 HIP 的 FC 呈负相关。丘脑的FC异常可能在耳鸣的发病机制中扮演重要角色。耳鸣-NHL和耳鸣-HL表现出不同的连接模式,表明它们的发病机制存在一定差异。
{"title":"Differences in brain functional connectivity between tinnitus with or without hearing loss.","authors":"Jianxiong Song, Yuanyuan Wang, Fang Ouyang, Xianjun Zeng, Jian Yang","doi":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002057","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNR.0000000000002057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the differences in brain imaging in tinnitus with or without hearing loss (HL). We acquired functional MRI scans from 26 tinnitus patients with HL (tinnitus-HL), 24 tinnitus patients with no HL (tinnitus-NHL), and 26 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The left and right thalamus were selected as seeds to study the endogenous functional connectivity (FC) of the whole brain, and its correlation with clinical indices was analyzed. Brain regions showing FC differences among the three groups included the Heschl gyrus (HES), right Hippocampus (HIP), right Amygdala (AMYG), left Calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex (CAL). Post hoc analysis showed that the thalamus-HIP connection and thalamus-lingual gyrus (LING) connection were enhanced in the tinnitus-NHL group, as compared to tinnitus-HL. Compared with HCs, the tinnitus-NHL group showed an enhanced connection between the thalamus and the left Inferior occipital gyrus, left CAL and LING. While in the tinnitus-HL group, the connection between the thalamus and several brain regions (right HES, right AMYG, etc) was weakened. In the tinnitus-HL group, the tinnitus handicap inventory scores were positively correlated with the FC of the left thalamus and right HES, right thalamus and right Rolandic operculum. The duration of tinnitus was negatively correlated with the FC of the right thalamus and right HIP. Abnormal FC in the thalamus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. Tinnitus-NHL and tinnitus-HL show different connection patterns, indicating that there are some differences in their pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19213,"journal":{"name":"Neuroreport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}