T. O. Ponomarenko, D. I. Dmytrievsky, I. O. Kryklyva, V. Hrytsenko
Aim. To develop the composition and technology for obtaining the combined drug of indapamide with enalapril of the prolonged action. Materials and methods. Indapamide and enalapril maleate substances as active components, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, calcium stearate, lactose monohydrate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as excipients were used. The pharmaco-technological studies were conducted according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU). Results and discussion. The pharmaco-technological properties of tablet mixtures and the quality of finished tablets were compared using direct pressing and preliminary wet granulation. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the method of pre-granulation of the tablet mixture allows obtaining a finished product that fully meets the requirements of the SPhU.
{"title":"Substantiation of the composition and technology for obtaining combined sustained-release tablets for the treatment of hypertension","authors":"T. O. Ponomarenko, D. I. Dmytrievsky, I. O. Kryklyva, V. Hrytsenko","doi":"10.24959/nphj.23.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.23.101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To develop the composition and technology for obtaining the combined drug of indapamide with enalapril of the prolonged action.\u0000Materials and methods. Indapamide and enalapril maleate substances as active components, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, calcium stearate, lactose monohydrate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as excipients were used. The pharmaco-technological studies were conducted according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU).\u0000Results and discussion. The pharmaco-technological properties of tablet mixtures and the quality of finished tablets were compared using direct pressing and preliminary wet granulation.\u0000Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the method of pre-granulation of the tablet mixture allows obtaining a finished product that fully meets the requirements of the SPhU.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73522024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treatment of wounds and wound infection remains an urgent medical problem today, especially in conditions of constant hostilities. Hydrogel bandages are quite effective means for local treatment of wounds, which are able to have a complex therapeutic effect and do not require frequent replacement in the process of medical supply to military personnel. Taking into account the relevance of this topic, our research is aimed at developing a hydrogel bandage with lidocaine hydrochloride, ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Aim. To study the physical and mechanical parameters of the polymer base and determine the optimal method for introducing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the base composition. Materials and methods. The study materials were APIs (lidocaine hydrochloride, ceftriaxone, metronidazole) and excipients. Physical and mechanical research methods were used in the work. Results and discussion. In order to develop the optimal technology for obtaining the polymer mass and determining technological indicators, we studied the indicators of physical and mechanical properties. Indicators of breaking force and relative elongation depend on such technological characteristics as homogeneity, uniformity of application on the substrate, the absence of air bubbles. It was found that the higher the physical and mechanical parameters, the higher the quality of the polymer mass applied to the substrate. Therefore, after obtaining a homogeneous mass it is necessary to deaerate air bubbles by centrifugation (No. 1-5) at 3000 rpm for 5-10 min. During the study of the ease of application of the polymer mass on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate, it was found that the drying process was affected by the thickness of the layer. It was proven that samples No. 1-5 had a uniform, adhesive layer and could be used for further research. The main technological indicators were the layer thickness of 0.40 mm, the centrifugation time of 5-10 min at 3000 rpm, homogeneity (mixing for 15 min at 36 rpm, an anchor stirrer). It was experimentally found that to obtain a layer thickness of 0.40 mm, it was necessary to apply 0.03 g of the sample per 1 cm2 of the substrate. We proved that polymers in the concentration of 10 % provided the optimal technological indicators. To confirm this, the dependence of the viscosity of the forming solution on the concentration / ratio of polymers was studied. We found that the technological indicators of homogeneity and uniformity directly affected the quality of the resulting product. Taking into account the fact that it was possible to introduce poorly soluble substances into the composition of model samples we conducted an experiment on their sedimentation in a polymer solution. It was found that APIs introduced into the polymer solution had different values of the sedimentation rate (time), which was probably related to the degree of solubility. In addition, the polymer concentration in the forming solutions also affected the s
{"title":"Determination of the physical and mechanical indicators of the polymer base and the optimal method of introducing active pharmaceutical ingredients into the base composition","authors":"A. Solomennyi, A. O. Drozdova, L. Davtyan","doi":"10.24959/nphj.23.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.23.111","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of wounds and wound infection remains an urgent medical problem today, especially in conditions of constant hostilities. Hydrogel bandages are quite effective means for local treatment of wounds, which are able to have a complex therapeutic effect and do not require frequent replacement in the process of medical supply to military personnel. Taking into account the relevance of this topic, our research is aimed at developing a hydrogel bandage with lidocaine hydrochloride, ceftriaxone and metronidazole.\u0000Aim. To study the physical and mechanical parameters of the polymer base and determine the optimal method for introducing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the base composition.\u0000Materials and methods. The study materials were APIs (lidocaine hydrochloride, ceftriaxone, metronidazole) and excipients. Physical and mechanical research methods were used in the work.\u0000Results and discussion. In order to develop the optimal technology for obtaining the polymer mass and determining technological indicators, we studied the indicators of physical and mechanical properties. Indicators of breaking force and relative elongation depend on such technological characteristics as homogeneity, uniformity of application on the substrate, the absence of air bubbles. It was found that the higher the physical and mechanical parameters, the higher the quality of the polymer mass applied to the substrate. Therefore, after obtaining a homogeneous mass it is necessary to deaerate air bubbles by centrifugation (No. 1-5) at 3000 rpm for 5-10 min. During the study of the ease of application of the polymer mass on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate, it was found that the drying process was affected by the thickness of the layer. It was proven that samples No. 1-5 had a uniform, adhesive layer and could be used for further research. The main technological indicators were the layer thickness of 0.40 mm, the centrifugation time of 5-10 min at 3000 rpm, homogeneity (mixing for 15 min at 36 rpm, an anchor stirrer). It was experimentally found that to obtain a layer thickness of 0.40 mm, it was necessary to apply 0.03 g of the sample per 1 cm2 of the substrate. We proved that polymers in the concentration of 10 % provided the optimal technological indicators. To confirm this, the dependence of the viscosity of the forming solution on the concentration / ratio of polymers was studied. We found that the technological indicators of homogeneity and uniformity directly affected the quality of the resulting product. Taking into account the fact that it was possible to introduce poorly soluble substances into the composition of model samples we conducted an experiment on their sedimentation in a polymer solution. It was found that APIs introduced into the polymer solution had different values of the sedimentation rate (time), which was probably related to the degree of solubility. In addition, the polymer concentration in the forming solutions also affected the s","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77122137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liposomes are increasingly being studied and implemented as drug delivery systems in the form of eye drops. An important stage in the production of a liposomal preparation in the form of eye drops is the stage of sterilization filtration before filling the medicinal product into a container for final dosage. It is assumed that liposome components interact with the membrane and clog it due to their unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the sterilization filtration of liposomes is needed to make appropriate decisions regarding the choice of filters for sterilization.Resistance and permeability values calculated from the Darcy equation are well suited for comparing different filter membranes or process parameters. Aim. To substantiate the choice of optimal brands of filter membranes and parameters of the liposomal emulsion filtration process for the production of eye drops based on a peptide complex. Materials and methods. The study object was a liposomal emulsion for the production of eye drops based on a peptide complex. A prepared liposomal emulsion of eye drops based on a peptide complex and membrane filters of various brands were used for filtration. Filtration tests were performed on a Zero-T scaling unit manufactured by Sartorius, Germany. For all measurements, the filtrate weight was controlled using a balance. Filtration experiments were evaluated using Zero-T 2.0 software from Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Germany. At the first stage, the recorded data of the results was saved to a file. Based on the data obtained using the Excel table processor, the filtration flow J°, the initial resistance of the membrane R°zag and the throughput Ṽ were calculated according to the calculated measurement time: the beginning of T10 % and the end of T80 %. Results and discussion. According to the results obtained, the optimal brands of sterilizing membranes were determined; it was shown that by increasing the pressure drop, the volumetric throughput was significantly improved by more than 18 times (from 0.7 to 4.1 bar), and in another experiment – by more than 10 times (from 0.3 to 2.1 bar). In addition, the benefit of using a higher pressure drop to filter liposomes through various sterilizing membranes was shown. Conclusions. The obtained values of the initial resistance of the membrane showed that the geometrical aspects and properties of the material of the Supor® (Pall) and Sartopore 2® (Sartorius) membrane brands have a lower ability to block the membrane during filtration and provide the filtration resource due to greater throughput. It has been also shown that the use of a higher pressure drop increases the productivity of the process.
{"title":"Peculiarities of the filtration process of liposomal emulsion for the production of eye drops based on a peptide complex","authors":"Ye. M. Kruglov, G. I. Borshchevskiy","doi":"10.24959/nphj.23.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.23.102","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomes are increasingly being studied and implemented as drug delivery systems in the form of eye drops. An important stage in the production of a liposomal preparation in the form of eye drops is the stage of sterilization filtration before filling the medicinal product into a container for final dosage. It is assumed that liposome components interact with the membrane and clog it due to their unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the sterilization filtration of liposomes is needed to make appropriate decisions regarding the choice of filters for sterilization.Resistance and permeability values calculated from the Darcy equation are well suited for comparing different filter membranes or process parameters.\u0000Aim. To substantiate the choice of optimal brands of filter membranes and parameters of the liposomal emulsion filtration process for the production of eye drops based on a peptide complex.\u0000Materials and methods. The study object was a liposomal emulsion for the production of eye drops based on a peptide complex. A prepared liposomal emulsion of eye drops based on a peptide complex and membrane filters of various brands were used for filtration. Filtration tests were performed on a Zero-T scaling unit manufactured by Sartorius, Germany. For all measurements, the filtrate weight was controlled using a balance. Filtration experiments were evaluated using Zero-T 2.0 software from Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Germany. At the first stage, the recorded data of the results was saved to a file. Based on the data obtained using the Excel table processor, the filtration flow J°, the initial resistance of the membrane R°zag and the throughput Ṽ were calculated according to the calculated measurement time: the beginning of T10 % and the end of T80 %.\u0000Results and discussion. According to the results obtained, the optimal brands of sterilizing membranes were determined; it was shown that by increasing the pressure drop, the volumetric throughput was significantly improved by more than 18 times (from 0.7 to 4.1 bar), and in another experiment – by more than 10 times (from 0.3 to 2.1 bar). In addition, the benefit of using a higher pressure drop to filter liposomes through various sterilizing membranes was shown.\u0000Conclusions. The obtained values of the initial resistance of the membrane showed that the geometrical aspects and properties of the material of the Supor® (Pall) and Sartopore 2® (Sartorius) membrane brands have a lower ability to block the membrane during filtration and provide the filtration resource due to greater throughput. It has been also shown that the use of a higher pressure drop increases the productivity of the process.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"374 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77982470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To highlight the expediency of reviving extemporaneous formulations as a necessary condition for fully providing the population of Ukraine with individualized medicinal products that can be also used in conditions of the martial law and emergency situations. Materials and methods. Publications and our own research of the activities of pharmacy No. 80 in Slovyansk, Donetsk region, with extemporaneous compounding of medicines were used. The following methods were used in the work: system analysis, synthesis, own observations and generalization of data. Results and discussion. From a professional point of view, medicinal products extemporaneously manufactured are a unique attribute of pharmacy practice, which reflects the professional status of pharmacists, particularly hospital pharmacists. Despite a significant reduction in the range and quantity of pharmacy-made medicines in pharmacies, they continue to retain important functions (medical, therapeutic, social). During the period from February 24, 2022 to March 9, 2022, sale volumes of the most popular medicines increased significantly. Suspensions for external use were in the greatest demand, in particular, the universal white lotion doubled in dispensing (from 4 to 8 bottles per day), as well as sedative drugs (Quarter’s mixture) – more than five times (from 2 to 13 bottles day). The number of powders (with different dosages of captopril, verospiron, furosemide, anaprilin, euthyrox, etc.) for children in one order could befrom 30-50 doses to 90-120 doses, and one child sometimes had 2-3 names of prescribed medicines, i.e. the number of doses of the daily compounding of powders reached 200-300 pieces for one consumer. Conclusions. Today, an important task of domestic pharmacy is not only to preserve extemporaneous formulations, but also to improve them and develop new magistral formulas using professional recommendations and professional advice.
{"title":"Experience of work as an extemporal pharmacy and providing the population with medicines under the conditions of the martial law","authors":"N. I. Shtuchna, L. Vyshnevska","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.97","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To highlight the expediency of reviving extemporaneous formulations as a necessary condition for fully providing the population of Ukraine with individualized medicinal products that can be also used in conditions of the martial law and emergency situations.\u0000Materials and methods. Publications and our own research of the activities of pharmacy No. 80 in Slovyansk, Donetsk region, with extemporaneous compounding of medicines were used. The following methods were used in the work: system analysis, synthesis, own observations and generalization of data.\u0000Results and discussion. From a professional point of view, medicinal products extemporaneously manufactured are a unique attribute of pharmacy practice, which reflects the professional status of pharmacists, particularly hospital pharmacists. Despite a significant reduction in the range and quantity of pharmacy-made medicines in pharmacies, they continue to retain important functions (medical, therapeutic, social). During the period from February 24, 2022 to March 9, 2022, sale volumes of the most popular medicines increased significantly. Suspensions for external use were in the greatest demand, in particular, the universal white lotion doubled in dispensing (from 4 to 8 bottles per day), as well as sedative drugs (Quarter’s mixture) – more than five times (from 2 to 13 bottles day). The number of powders (with different dosages of captopril, verospiron, furosemide, anaprilin, euthyrox, etc.) for children in one order could befrom 30-50 doses to 90-120 doses, and one child sometimes had 2-3 names of prescribed medicines, i.e. the number of doses of the daily compounding of powders reached 200-300 pieces for one consumer.\u0000Conclusions. Today, an important task of domestic pharmacy is not only to preserve extemporaneous formulations, but also to improve them and develop new magistral formulas using professional recommendations and professional advice.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81562403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To develop and study physico-chemical, pharmaco-technological, pharmacognostic and microbiological quality indicators of infusions obtained by extraction of the plant raw material of fennel fruits of different degrees of grinding and from different types of packaging. Materials and methods. The study objects were model samples of fennel fruits of different degrees of grinding and water extracts obtained on their basis and from different types of packaging. Water extracts were prepared according to the SPhU method and the patient information leaflet on fennel fruits. The study of pH of solutions, extractives, identification of the main biologically active substances (BAS), and microbiological purity of water extracts were performed by the SPhU methods; the quantitative determination of the essential oil was conducted by direct alkalimetric titration with 0.01 mol/l NaOH solution in the presence of methylene blue and phenolphthalein indicators according to the Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Results and discussion. Extractives in model samples of infusions obtained from filter bags vary from 0.43 to 0.48 % without filter bags (samples 1, 3, 5, 7) – from 0.52 to 0.55 %, and its amount is the lowest in sample 9 – 0.37 %. However, the essential oil content is the highest in sample 9, these are whole fennel fruits from the pack (0.15 %); slightly higher indicators are in model samples without filter bags (samples 2, 4, 6, 8). The pH value is slightly higher in infusions obtained from filter bags than without them (in the range of 6.61-6.70 and 6.22-6.25, respectively). However, the infusion obtained from a nylon pyramid bag (sample 7) had a pH value close to infusions obtained from the fennel medicinal raw material without packaging (6.25). The presence of infusions of anethole and terpenoids in model samples has been proven by thin layer chromatography. The microbiological studies conducted have shown that the use of the method of making water extracts from the patient information leaflet allows obtaining conditionally sterile infusions. Conclusions. The indicators studied (transparency, color, odor, taste, extractives, identification and quantitative determination of BAS) can be used in the analysis of water extracts from the medicinal plant raw material produced in filter bags.
{"title":"Biopharmaceutical and microbiological research of fennel fruit infusions","authors":"O. M. Fylypyuk, L. Vyshnevska","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.96","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To develop and study physico-chemical, pharmaco-technological, pharmacognostic and microbiological quality indicators of infusions obtained by extraction of the plant raw material of fennel fruits of different degrees of grinding and from different types of packaging.\u0000Materials and methods. The study objects were model samples of fennel fruits of different degrees of grinding and water extracts obtained on their basis and from different types of packaging. Water extracts were prepared according to the SPhU method and the patient information leaflet on fennel fruits. The study of pH of solutions, extractives, identification of the main biologically active substances (BAS), and microbiological purity of water extracts were performed by the SPhU methods; the quantitative determination of the essential oil was conducted by direct alkalimetric titration with 0.01 mol/l NaOH solution in the presence of methylene blue and phenolphthalein indicators according to the Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.\u0000Results and discussion. Extractives in model samples of infusions obtained from filter bags vary from 0.43 to 0.48 % without filter bags (samples 1, 3, 5, 7) – from 0.52 to 0.55 %, and its amount is the lowest in sample 9 – 0.37 %. However, the essential oil content is the highest in sample 9, these are whole fennel fruits from the pack (0.15 %); slightly higher indicators are in model samples without filter bags (samples 2, 4, 6, 8). The pH value is slightly higher in infusions obtained from filter bags than without them (in the range of 6.61-6.70 and 6.22-6.25, respectively). However, the infusion obtained from a nylon pyramid bag (sample 7) had a pH value close to infusions obtained from the fennel medicinal raw material without packaging (6.25). The presence of infusions of anethole and terpenoids in model samples has been proven by thin layer chromatography. The microbiological studies conducted have shown that the use of the method of making water extracts from the patient information leaflet allows obtaining conditionally sterile infusions.\u0000 Conclusions. The indicators studied (transparency, color, odor, taste, extractives, identification and quantitative determination of BAS) can be used in the analysis of water extracts from the medicinal plant raw material produced in filter bags.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85145140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To substantiate the composition of the product for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the skin and the red border of the lips in the form of a medical pencil. Materials and methods. When developing the composition of a medical pencil the study objects were samples containing corn oil or the oil extract from a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material, cocoa butter, such waxes as beeswax, carnauba, candelilla, and lanolin, paraffin in various ratios, as well as the mango extract. The medical pencilcomposition was substantiated based on the results of determining the organoleptic, sensory (consumer) and physicochemical properties (melting point, hardness, spreadability and adhesion (stickiness) of the smear). Results and discussion. The results of the study shown that the hardness and melting point of pencils increased with an increase in the content of sealants, primarily beeswax and carnauba wax, and paraffin. An increase in the content of these components reduced the spreadability and adhesion of the base. Cocoa butter and lanonin in thecomposition of the base improved the adhesion and spreadability of the pencil, but did not provide the necessary hardness of the product. Based on the results of the study of physico-chemical and consumer properties, the bases, which included the mango extract and the oil extract from a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material (sage leaves,eucalyptus leaves, marigold flowers, chamomile flowers), were chosen. It was shown that the introduction of extracts slightly increased the melting point and hardness of the base and reduced the spreadability of the pencil. Сonclusions. Based on the results of studying the melting point, hardness, spreadability and adhesion the composition of the wax-fat base has been chosen. The effect of the oil extract of a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material and the mango extract on the properties of the pencil base has been determined. According to the results of our research, the composition of a medical pencil for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the skin and the red border of the lips has been proposed. It contains cocoa butter – 10 %, beeswax – 10 %, lanolin – 5 %, carnauba wax – 3 %, candelilla wax – 7 %, the mango extract – 5 % and the oil extract of a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material – up to 100.0.
{"title":"The substantiation of the composition of a medical pencil for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the skin and the red border of the lips","authors":"T. Nesteruk, N. Polovko","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.95","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To substantiate the composition of the product for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the skin and the red border of the lips in the form of a medical pencil.\u0000Materials and methods. When developing the composition of a medical pencil the study objects were samples containing corn oil or the oil extract from a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material, cocoa butter, such waxes as beeswax, carnauba, candelilla, and lanolin, paraffin in various ratios, as well as the mango extract. The medical pencilcomposition was substantiated based on the results of determining the organoleptic, sensory (consumer) and physicochemical properties (melting point, hardness, spreadability and adhesion (stickiness) of the smear).\u0000Results and discussion. The results of the study shown that the hardness and melting point of pencils increased with an increase in the content of sealants, primarily beeswax and carnauba wax, and paraffin. An increase in the content of these components reduced the spreadability and adhesion of the base. Cocoa butter and lanonin in thecomposition of the base improved the adhesion and spreadability of the pencil, but did not provide the necessary hardness of the product. Based on the results of the study of physico-chemical and consumer properties, the bases, which included the mango extract and the oil extract from a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material (sage leaves,eucalyptus leaves, marigold flowers, chamomile flowers), were chosen. It was shown that the introduction of extracts slightly increased the melting point and hardness of the base and reduced the spreadability of the pencil.\u0000Сonclusions. Based on the results of studying the melting point, hardness, spreadability and adhesion the composition of the wax-fat base has been chosen. The effect of the oil extract of a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material and the mango extract on the properties of the pencil base has been determined. According to the results of our research, the composition of a medical pencil for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the skin and the red border of the lips has been proposed. It contains cocoa butter – 10 %, beeswax – 10 %, lanolin – 5 %, carnauba wax – 3 %, candelilla wax – 7 %, the mango extract – 5 % and the oil extract of a mixture of the medicinal plant raw material – up to 100.0.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84902139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tsyvunin, S. Shtrygol’, M. V. Mishchenko, D. Shtrygol’
Improving the prevention and treatment of epilepsy is one of the urgent tasks. Based on the available data on the anticonvulsant activity of the cardiac glycoside digoxin, it is advisable to compare the anticonvulsant effect of the drug by different routes of administration in the experiment. Aim. To determine the impact of the route of administration on the anticonvulsant effect of the cardiac glycoside digoxin on basic models of primary generalized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and maximal electric shock. Materials and methods. Two basic models were used: the model of primary generalized convulsions induced in mice by pentylenetetrazol (80 mg/kg subcutaneously) and maximal electric shock (current strength – 50 mA, frequency – 50 Hz, 0.2 sec corneally). Digoxin was administered in the dose of 0.8 mg/kg (about 1/10 LD50) 30 min before modeling seizures in the stomach and subcutaneously. Standard parameters of convulsive syndrome severity and mortality were recorded. Results and discussion. In both seizure models, the anticonvulsant effect of digoxin was little dependent on the route of administration. In the pentylenetetrazole-induced model, with both routes of administration, lethality tended to decrease; when administered intragastrically, digoxin statistically significantly reduced the number of clonic-tonic seizures per 1 mouse, the number of animals with the most severe tonic seizures, and the duration of the convulsive period; when administered subcutaneously, it significantly increased the latent period of seizures and reduced the number of animals with tonic seizures. In the model of maximal electric shock, digoxin reduced seizure severity andlethality almost equally by both routes of administration (by 55 % with the intragastric administration and by 67.5 % with the subcutaneous administration). In both models, there were no statistically significant differences in the course of seizures in both routes of the digoxin administration. With subcutaneous administration, the anticonvulsant effect was somewhat more pronounced at the level of a weak tendency. Conclusions. The anticonvulsant effect of digoxin when administered intragastrically and subcutaneously in mice with models of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and maximal electric shock is practically independent of the routeof administration. Digoxin has a pronounced anticonvulsant effect on the model of electrically induced seizures, and a moderate effect on the model of pentylenetetrazole seizures.
{"title":"The anticonvulsant effect of digoxin on basic models of primary generalized seizures does not depend on the route of administration","authors":"V. Tsyvunin, S. Shtrygol’, M. V. Mishchenko, D. Shtrygol’","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.98","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the prevention and treatment of epilepsy is one of the urgent tasks. Based on the available data on the anticonvulsant activity of the cardiac glycoside digoxin, it is advisable to compare the anticonvulsant effect of the drug by different routes of administration in the experiment.\u0000Aim. To determine the impact of the route of administration on the anticonvulsant effect of the cardiac glycoside digoxin on basic models of primary generalized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol and maximal electric shock.\u0000Materials and methods. Two basic models were used: the model of primary generalized convulsions induced in mice by pentylenetetrazol (80 mg/kg subcutaneously) and maximal electric shock (current strength – 50 mA, frequency – 50 Hz, 0.2 sec corneally). Digoxin was administered in the dose of 0.8 mg/kg (about 1/10 LD50) 30 min before modeling seizures in the stomach and subcutaneously. Standard parameters of convulsive syndrome severity and mortality were recorded.\u0000Results and discussion. In both seizure models, the anticonvulsant effect of digoxin was little dependent on the route of administration. In the pentylenetetrazole-induced model, with both routes of administration, lethality tended to decrease; when administered intragastrically, digoxin statistically significantly reduced the number of clonic-tonic seizures per 1 mouse, the number of animals with the most severe tonic seizures, and the duration of the convulsive period; when administered subcutaneously, it significantly increased the latent period of seizures and reduced the number of animals with tonic seizures. In the model of maximal electric shock, digoxin reduced seizure severity andlethality almost equally by both routes of administration (by 55 % with the intragastric administration and by 67.5 % with the subcutaneous administration). In both models, there were no statistically significant differences in the course of seizures in both routes of the digoxin administration. With subcutaneous administration, the anticonvulsant effect was somewhat more pronounced at the level of a weak tendency.\u0000Conclusions. The anticonvulsant effect of digoxin when administered intragastrically and subcutaneously in mice with models of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and maximal electric shock is practically independent of the routeof administration. Digoxin has a pronounced anticonvulsant effect on the model of electrically induced seizures, and a moderate effect on the model of pentylenetetrazole seizures.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74025501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Demeshko, V. Kovalev, O. V. Krivoruchko, S. V. Kovalev, S. I. Stepanova
Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis), Glycine chinensis, is a genus of treelike deciduous lianas from the legume family (Fabaceae). In natural conditions, Glycine chinensis is found in the subtropical forests of China, Korea and Japan. Nowadays, the plant is widely cultivated in European countries. Leaves of the plant exhibit the antioxidant,cytostatic effect, flowers inhibit the growth of tubercle bacilli. The seeds are used in Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and as a diuretic. Aim. To study macro- and microscopic features of Chinese wisteria leaves for standardization of the medicinal plant raw material and development of the quality control method. Materials and methods. The study object was the leaves of Chinese wisteria harvested in the period of mass flowering in the Kyiv region and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The morphological features were studied visually. Preparations from the leaf surface were prepared according to conventional methods. Results and discussion. The main morphological and anatomical features of Chinese wisteria leaves have been determined. Macroscopic features include complex unpaired leaves that have a common petiole and its continuation – rachis, on which there are five pairs of opposite leaves and one apical one. The leaves are large, do not have a toothed edge, pubescent at first, but eventually become smooth; microscopic signs are the dorso-ventral type of theleaf blade structure. The epidermis is covered with a cuticle. The cells of the upper epidermis are parenchymal, slightly convoluted, with evenly thickened membranes. Above the vein, the cells are prosenchymal, elongated along the vein. The lower epidermis is represented by cells of various shapes, parenchymal or having a somewhat elongated shape, sinuous-walled, polygonal. Stomata are frequent and oval. The stomatal apparatus is of anisocyte type. There are numerous hairs along the central vein and on the petiole. The petiole of the leaf has a rounded shape. In the center there is a single conductive bundle surrounded by parenchymal cells. The epidermis consists of small erect cells. There are numerous simple unicellular hairs. The cross-section of the rachis has an oval-triangular shape, the tubercles are ribshaped. Stomata are present. Conclusions. As a result of the studies, the main macroscopic and microscopic features of Chinese wisteria leaves have been determined; they will be used to standardize the medicinal plant raw material and develop the quality control method.
{"title":"The morphological and anatomical study of Wisteria sinensis leaves","authors":"O. Demeshko, V. Kovalev, O. V. Krivoruchko, S. V. Kovalev, S. I. Stepanova","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.90","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis), Glycine chinensis, is a genus of treelike deciduous lianas from the legume family (Fabaceae). In natural conditions, Glycine chinensis is found in the subtropical forests of China, Korea and Japan. Nowadays, the plant is widely cultivated in European countries. Leaves of the plant exhibit the antioxidant,cytostatic effect, flowers inhibit the growth of tubercle bacilli. The seeds are used in Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and as a diuretic.\u0000Aim. To study macro- and microscopic features of Chinese wisteria leaves for standardization of the medicinal plant raw material and development of the quality control method.\u0000Materials and methods. The study object was the leaves of Chinese wisteria harvested in the period of mass flowering in the Kyiv region and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The morphological features were studied visually. Preparations from the leaf surface were prepared according to conventional methods.\u0000Results and discussion. The main morphological and anatomical features of Chinese wisteria leaves have been determined. Macroscopic features include complex unpaired leaves that have a common petiole and its continuation – rachis, on which there are five pairs of opposite leaves and one apical one. The leaves are large, do not have a toothed edge, pubescent at first, but eventually become smooth; microscopic signs are the dorso-ventral type of theleaf blade structure. The epidermis is covered with a cuticle. The cells of the upper epidermis are parenchymal, slightly convoluted, with evenly thickened membranes. Above the vein, the cells are prosenchymal, elongated along the vein. The lower epidermis is represented by cells of various shapes, parenchymal or having a somewhat elongated shape, sinuous-walled, polygonal. Stomata are frequent and oval. The stomatal apparatus is of anisocyte type. There are numerous hairs along the central vein and on the petiole. The petiole of the leaf has a rounded shape. In the center there is a single conductive bundle surrounded by parenchymal cells. The epidermis consists of small erect cells. There are numerous simple unicellular hairs. The cross-section of the rachis has an oval-triangular shape, the tubercles are ribshaped. Stomata are present.\u0000Conclusions. As a result of the studies, the main macroscopic and microscopic features of Chinese wisteria leaves have been determined; they will be used to standardize the medicinal plant raw material and develop the quality control method.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75482826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To develop the content of the adhesive composition, being one of the stages in developing the transdermal therapeutic system with the anti-inflammatory action. Materials and methods. Using organoleptic research methods, the properties affecting the process of applying the adhesive to the base and subsequently to the quality of the finished product were studied. Color, consistency and homogeneity were determined visually, and the features of applying the mass to the base were recorded. To determine the optimal temperature and drying time, drying was performed in a thermostat at a temperature of 60 to 120 ºС for 5-15 min. Results and discussion. Compositions based on a mixture of hydrogels with a hydrophobic silicone adhesive had a very thick consistency, which made it difficult to apply them to the base and led to significant weight losses during application. Instead, compositions based on a mixture of the aesilonum-aerosil base with a hydrophobic silicone adhesive had too liquid consistency. Adjusting the amount of aesilonum-4 we obtained a composition with satisfactory consistent properties, which distributed over the base in a uniform thin layer. When studying the effect of enhancers on the properties of the adhesive composition it was found that the addition of oleic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide diluted themass and prevented uniform application to the base, the addition of isopropyl myristate slightly diluted the mass, while the addition of propylene glycol did not affect the properties of the composition at all. Therefore, propylene glycol could be used as an enhancer. When setting the extension mode, the optimal one was determined to be 120 ºС for 5 min. Conclusions. The content of the adhesive composition has been developed. The composition includes: polysiloxane – 5.0, H-polysiloxane – 5.0, aerosil – 0.35, aesilonum-4 – 1.0, propylene glycol – 1.0. It has satisfactory consistency and organoleptic properties. It has been found that the optimal drying mode of the hydrophobic adhesive composition is 120 ºС for 5 min.
{"title":"Development of the adhesive composition for the transdermal therapeutic system with the anti-inflammatory action","authors":"A. Olefir, L. Vyshnevska","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.92","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To develop the content of the adhesive composition, being one of the stages in developing the transdermal therapeutic system with the anti-inflammatory action.\u0000Materials and methods. Using organoleptic research methods, the properties affecting the process of applying the adhesive to the base and subsequently to the quality of the finished product were studied. Color, consistency and homogeneity were determined visually, and the features of applying the mass to the base were recorded. To determine the optimal temperature and drying time, drying was performed in a thermostat at a temperature of 60 to 120 ºС for 5-15 min.\u0000Results and discussion. Compositions based on a mixture of hydrogels with a hydrophobic silicone adhesive had a very thick consistency, which made it difficult to apply them to the base and led to significant weight losses during application. Instead, compositions based on a mixture of the aesilonum-aerosil base with a hydrophobic silicone adhesive had too liquid consistency. Adjusting the amount of aesilonum-4 we obtained a composition with satisfactory consistent properties, which distributed over the base in a uniform thin layer. When studying the effect of enhancers on the properties of the adhesive composition it was found that the addition of oleic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide diluted themass and prevented uniform application to the base, the addition of isopropyl myristate slightly diluted the mass, while the addition of propylene glycol did not affect the properties of the composition at all. Therefore, propylene glycol could be used as an enhancer. When setting the extension mode, the optimal one was determined to be 120 ºС for 5 min.\u0000Conclusions. The content of the adhesive composition has been developed. The composition includes: polysiloxane – 5.0, H-polysiloxane – 5.0, aerosil – 0.35, aesilonum-4 – 1.0, propylene glycol – 1.0. It has satisfactory consistency and organoleptic properties. It has been found that the optimal drying mode of the hydrophobic adhesive composition is 120 ºС for 5 min.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79588281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seknidazole is a drug from the 5-nitroimidazole group with a number of side-effects. This drug is virtually unexplored from the point of view of chemico-toxicological analysis (CTA). Therefore, the development of a set of methods for the detection and quantification of secnidazole in biological fluids for use in CTA is an urgent task. Aim. To study the acid-base equilibrium of secnidazole in aqueous solutions and mixtures of water with amphiphilic solvents and determine the corresponding ionization constants. Materials and methods. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed using a SPEKOL®1500 single-beam spectrophotometer. An EV-74 ionomer was used to control the pH of the solutions. Seknidazole solutions in the concentrationof 1000 μg/ml were used in the experiment. Results and discussion. Absorption spectra of secnidazole in water and mixtures of water and amphiphilic solvents in the pH range studied showed four isobestic points characterizing two protolytic equilibria (equilibrium 1 – 240 and 295 nm, equilibrium 2 – 261 and 297 nm). The position of the isobestic points of equilibrium 2 fluctuated in the range ± 3 nm; it was due to the presence of tautomeric transformations for the molecular form of secnidazole. Conclusions. The acid-base equilibria of secnidazole in aqueous solutions and mixtures of water with amphiphilic solvents have been studied. It has been shown that in a strongly alkaline medium there is an anionic form of secnidazole R–, with further decrease in the pH value the molecular form HR appears, in a strongly acidic medium the final product – a protonated form H2R+ – is formed. The ionization constant 1 has been determined for aqueous solutions of secnidazole, mixtures of water with isopropanol, acetonitrile and ethanol. It is impossible to determine the equilibrium constant 2 by the method specified.
{"title":"Determination of ionization constants for sequinidazole in aqueous solutions and mixtures of water with isopropanol, acetonitrile and ethanol","authors":"Z. Shovkova, O. Tkachenko, I. Seniuk","doi":"10.24959/nphj.22.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.22.85","url":null,"abstract":"Seknidazole is a drug from the 5-nitroimidazole group with a number of side-effects. This drug is virtually unexplored from the point of view of chemico-toxicological analysis (CTA). Therefore, the development of a set of methods for the detection and quantification of secnidazole in biological fluids for use in CTA is an urgent task.\u0000Aim. To study the acid-base equilibrium of secnidazole in aqueous solutions and mixtures of water with amphiphilic solvents and determine the corresponding ionization constants.\u0000Materials and methods. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed using a SPEKOL®1500 single-beam spectrophotometer. An EV-74 ionomer was used to control the pH of the solutions. Seknidazole solutions in the concentrationof 1000 μg/ml were used in the experiment.\u0000Results and discussion. Absorption spectra of secnidazole in water and mixtures of water and amphiphilic solvents in the pH range studied showed four isobestic points characterizing two protolytic equilibria (equilibrium 1 – 240 and 295 nm, equilibrium 2 – 261 and 297 nm). The position of the isobestic points of equilibrium 2 fluctuated in the range ± 3 nm; it was due to the presence of tautomeric transformations for the molecular form of secnidazole.\u0000Conclusions. The acid-base equilibria of secnidazole in aqueous solutions and mixtures of water with amphiphilic solvents have been studied. It has been shown that in a strongly alkaline medium there is an anionic form of secnidazole R–, with further decrease in the pH value the molecular form HR appears, in a strongly acidic medium the final product – a protonated form H2R+ – is formed. The ionization constant 1 has been determined for aqueous solutions of secnidazole, mixtures of water with isopropanol, acetonitrile and ethanol. It is impossible to determine the equilibrium constant 2 by the method specified.","PeriodicalId":19221,"journal":{"name":"News of Pharmacy","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85733763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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