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“Mijn stoma is een #superstoma” "我的造口是一个超级造口"
Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.5117/tvt2019.3.003.lame
J. Lamerichs, C. V. Hooijdonk
In this article we present a micro-analysis of 27 English blogs of people who reflect on their illness experience and the ostomy surgery they had to undergo as a result of that illness. We adopt an approach based on two related perspectives: conversation analysis and discursive psychology. Both perspectives consider language as a tool for social action. Our findings demonstrate that the discourse of the blogs serves three important social functions. First, the bloggers are able to describe how they have managed their ill-health for a long time, and how ostomy surgery became an inevitable next step. Second, bloggers can demonstrate their acceptance of the ostomy bag in embodied and personified ways (e.g., naming their bag) as well as emphasizing a return to a new normal. Third, ostomates present their stoma as a transformational occurrence. They do so by emphasizing extraordinary achievements in their lives after their stoma surgery and by displaying a strong normative claim to act as a role model. With this micro-analysis we have attempted to uncover how ostomates engage in identity work vis-a-vis their illness and how this is accomplished in the discourse of their blogs. This fine-grained analysis may be of importance to fellow ostomates and medical professionals, as it highlights the main concerns of ostomates in their experiential account of ostomy surgery.
在这篇文章中,我们对27个英文博客进行了微观分析,这些博客反映了他们的疾病经历和他们因疾病而不得不接受的造口手术。我们采用了基于会话分析和话语心理学两个相关视角的研究方法。两种观点都认为语言是社会行动的工具。我们的研究结果表明,博客话语具有三种重要的社会功能。首先,博客们能够描述他们如何长期控制自己的健康状况,以及造口手术如何成为不可避免的下一步。其次,博主可以通过具体化和人格化的方式(例如,给他们的包命名)来表达他们对造口袋的接受,并强调回归新常态。第三,造口者将其造口呈现为一个转化的过程。他们这样做是为了强调他们在造口手术后的生活中取得的非凡成就,并表现出强烈的规范性要求,以作为榜样。通过这种微观分析,我们试图揭示患者是如何与他们的疾病进行身份认同工作的,以及这是如何在他们的博客话语中完成的。这种细粒度的分析可能对其他造口者和医学专业人员很重要,因为它突出了造口者在造口手术经验中所关注的主要问题。
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引用次数: 2
Tekstkenmerken en tekstkwaliteit van leerlingteksten 学生文本的文本特征和文本质量
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.5117/tvt2019.2.001.pand
H. Maat, K. Raaijmakers, D. Vermeulen, K. D. Glopper
Text features and quality of learner text: an annotation study Manually annotated corpora of writing products may greatly contribute to writing research: they offer detailed insights in the quality of these texts, in the text features actually attended to by human text raters, in possibilities and difficulties for the use of automatic writing analytics and writing tools, and in the relations between different text quality dimensions. This paper presents the Utrecht System for Annotation of Learner text (USALT), that covers both general features (orthography, punctuation, wording, coherence) and genre-specific elements (such as openings, endings, structuring devices and politeness). The annotations contain up to three items (annotation unit; problem type; part-of-speech tag). USALT reflects various text quality dimensions, notably correctness, comprehensibility and appropriateness (both stylistically and in terms of genre conventions). We present an USALT analysis of 371 texts produced by Dutch students from grades 7-9 (aged 12-15 years), taken from the so-called Schrijfmeters-corpus. The assignment concerned a letter about ‘typically Dutch things’ to a Swedish girl about to emigrate to The Netherlands. USALT reliabilities were adequate. In terms of problem frequency, we were struck by the pervasiveness of punctuation problems. Furthermore, the orthography and punctuation problems together present considerable difficulties for automatic analysis of original learner texts at this level. A remarkable result regarding relations between various text quality dimensions is that the frequency of orthography problems correlates higher with genre convention problems than with lexico-grammatical problems. We also used the annotations as predictors of the holistic scores assigned to the texts by human raters. Standardized annotation frequencies by themselves may account for 45% of the score variance, with a prominent role for annotations regarding genre elements; text length by itself explains 52%. The best model includes both text length and annotations (65% explained variance). In ongoing work, USALT is being extended to handle argumentative writing assignments.
人工注释的写作产品语料库可能对写作研究有很大的贡献:它们提供了这些文本的质量、人类文本评价者实际关注的文本特征、使用自动写作分析和写作工具的可能性和困难,以及不同文本质量维度之间的关系等方面的详细见解。本文介绍了学习者文本标注的乌得勒支系统(USALT),该系统既包括一般特征(正字法、标点、措辞、连贯),也包括特定体裁元素(如开头、结尾、结构装置和礼貌)。注释最多包含三个项目(注释单位;问题类型;词性标记)。USALT反映了文本质量的各个方面,特别是正确性、可理解性和适当性(文体和体裁惯例)。我们对荷兰7-9年级学生(12-15岁)的371篇课文进行了USALT分析,这些课文取自所谓的schrijfmeters语料库。任务是给一个即将移民到荷兰的瑞典女孩写一封关于“典型荷兰事物”的信。USALT的可靠性是足够的。就问题的频率而言,我们被标点问题的普遍性所震惊。此外,正字法和标点问题一起给这个级别的原始学习者文本的自动分析带来了相当大的困难。关于文本质量各维度之间的关系,一个显著的结果是正字法问题的频率与体裁惯例问题的相关性高于与词汇语法问题的相关性。我们还使用注释作为人类评分者分配给文本的整体分数的预测因子。标准化标注频次本身可能占总分方差的45%,其中类型元素标注作用突出;文本长度本身解释了52%。最好的模型包括文本长度和注释(65%的解释方差)。在正在进行的工作中,USALT正在扩展到处理议论文写作作业。
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引用次数: 0
Lijst van reviewers 2018 2018年评审员名单
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.5117/tvt2019.2.004.revi
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引用次数: 0
Webcare via openbare en privé sociale media
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.5117/tvt2019.2.003.hach
Daphne Hachmang, R. V. Os, M. Akpınar, E. Pool
Webcare via public and private social media. A corpus study on the effect of Conversational Human Voice in the PT sector This study investigates the use of Conversational Human Voice (CHV) by a Dutch Public Transport (PT) operator in reactive webcare conversations with travelers on private and public social media channels and the effect of this use on the traveler’s sentiment during the conversation. In this study, CHV is unraveled into eight aspects. 244 conversations were analyzed, selected from the PT-operator’s public and private social media channels. Messages sent by the PT companies were coded for CHV; messages of travelers were coded for sentiment. The aspects organization responds as an individual and informal language were used the most often by the PT operator. Use of CHV is similar on private social networks and public social networks, with the exception of organization responds as an individual (used more on private social networks) and language to compensate the lack of non-verbal communication (used more on public social networks). Furthermore, results show that the use of sympathy has a positive effect on the traveler’s sentiment.
通过公共和私人社交媒体进行网络护理。本研究调查了荷兰公共交通(PT)运营商在私人和公共社交媒体渠道上与旅行者进行被动网络护理对话时使用对话式人声(CHV),以及这种使用对谈话过程中旅行者情绪的影响。在本研究中,CHV被分解为八个方面。分析了244个对话,这些对话选自pt运营商的公共和私人社交媒体渠道。PT公司发送的信息以CHV编码;旅行者的信息是根据情感编码的。组织作为个体响应的方面和非正式语言是PT操作员最常使用的。在私人社交网络和公共社交网络上,CHV的使用是相似的,除了作为个人的组织回应(在私人社交网络上使用得更多)和语言来弥补非语言交流的不足(在公共社交网络上使用得更多)。此外,结果表明,同情的使用对旅行者的情绪有积极的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Oh (/o/) als ontvanger van informatie in sociale interactie Oh (/o/)作为社会互动中的信息接收者
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.2.002.SEUR
L. Seuren
Oh (/o/) as information receipt in Dutch talk-in-interaction Recently there has been an increased interest cross-linguistically in how speakers use interjections in everyday interaction. A particularly productive line of inquiry deals with what are known as change-of-state tokens, interjections with which speakers claim that there has been a shift in their cognitive state such as their knowledge, understanding, attention, etc. In this paper I explore the variability of the Dutch interjection oh /o/. Focusing on its use in response to informing turns, I argue that as a free-standing particle speakers use it to claim that the information in that prior turn was in some way unexpected, either because it contradicted what the speaker claimed he or she knew, or because it contradicted some presupposition that was encoded in an earlier question. I subsequently discuss the most frequent ways in which oh is combined with other turn components, showing how it is used to respond to announcements of valenced news, to do now-remembering, and to make claims of now-understanding. In closing I show that when oh prefaces additional turn components such as oké (‘okay’), each component deals with a different action-implication of the ongoing sequence and that oh is used to receive the information being conveyed.
最近,人们对说话者在日常交流中如何使用感叹词的跨语言研究越来越感兴趣。一个特别有成效的调查路线是处理所谓的状态变化标记,即说话者声称他们的认知状态发生了变化的感叹词,比如他们的知识、理解、注意力等。本文探讨了荷兰语感叹词oh /o/的变异性。专注于它在回答告知回合时的用法,我认为作为一个独立的粒子,说话者用它来声明先前回合中的信息在某种程度上是出乎意料的,要么是因为它与说话者声称他或她知道的内容相矛盾,要么是因为它与先前问题中编码的某些预设相矛盾。随后,我讨论了oh与其他转折成分结合的最常见的方式,展示了它如何用于回应有价值的新闻公告,做现在记忆,并声称现在理解。最后,我指出,当oh出现在额外的回合组件(如ok(“ok”))前时,每个组件处理正在进行的序列的不同动作暗示,而oh用于接收所传达的信息。
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引用次数: 3
‘Wapper wat meer met je handen’
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.1.001.BAAR
S. Baars, B. Andeweg
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引用次数: 0
Pressie en argumentatie in maatschappelijke discussies 社会辩论中的压力和争论
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.1.011.ALBE
J. A. V. Laar, Erik C. W. Krabbe
Pressure and argumentation in public controversies Discussants in a public controversy are also players in a social arena. Under what circumstances can means of exerting pressure promote reasonable outcomes, and when are they rather hindrances to their achievement? We discuss the use of persuasion dialogues and negotiation dialogues by those who aim at a reasonable outcome. We show how in a public controversy both types of dialogue can be intertwined. Then, we examine in what ways participants in a public controversy can exert pressure on others. Finally, we discuss whether these means of pressure hinder the achievement of a reasonable outcome, both from the viewpoint of the pursuit of a resolution as well as from that of the pursuit of a compromise. We conclude that exerting pressure need not degenerate into committing a fallacy of either the type argumentum ad baculum or the type argumentum ad carotam.
公共争议中的讨论者也是社会舞台上的参与者。在什么情况下施加压力的手段可以促进合理的结果,什么时候它们反而阻碍了他们的成就?我们讨论了那些以合理结果为目标的人对说服对话和谈判对话的使用。我们展示了在公共争议中这两种类型的对话是如何交织在一起的。然后,我们研究在公共争议的参与者可以施加压力的方式。最后,我们将从寻求解决方案和寻求妥协的角度讨论这些施压手段是否会阻碍取得合理的结果。我们得出的结论是,施加压力并不需要退化为犯下论证与baculum或论证与carotam类型的谬误。
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引用次数: 1
Het effect van monologen en dialogen in radioreclame 广播广告中独白和对话的效果
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.1.013.MEUR
W.F.J. van Meurs, B. Hendriks, D. Köksal
Previous research has shown that the use of dialogues instead of monologues in radio narratives stimulates the imagination of listeners and increases involvement with the narratives (Rodero, 2012). To date, no research has investigated the effectiveness of dialogues versus monologues in radio commercials. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the use of dialogues versus monologues in radio advertisements for different products on involvement with the advertisement, imagery, evaluation of the product, evaluation of the commercial, evaluation of the speaker, and purchase intention. In an experiment with a 2 (presentation method: dialogue, monologue) x 2 (product: shoes, instant coffee) between-subject design, 152 participants evaluated four radio advertisements. Findings showed that dialogues, compared to monologues, led to more lively and attractive radio commercials, a more positive attitude towards the product, a higher purchase intention and higher status of the speaker in the radio commercial. It can be concluded that the use of dialogues instead of monologues can have a positive effect on the effectiveness of radio commercials.
先前的研究表明,在广播叙事中使用对话而不是独白可以激发听众的想象力,并增加对叙事的参与(Rodero, 2012)。到目前为止,还没有研究调查过广播广告中对话与独白的效果。本研究的目的是调查在不同产品的广播广告中使用对话和独白对广告、图像、产品评价、商业评价、说话者评价和购买意愿的影响。在一项2(展示方式:对话、独白)× 2(产品:鞋子、速溶咖啡)受试者间设计的实验中,152名参与者评估了四个广播广告。研究发现,与独白相比,对话能使广播广告更生动、更吸引人,对产品的态度更积极,购买意愿更高,说话者在广播广告中的地位也更高。可以得出结论,使用对话代替独白可以对广播广告的有效性产生积极影响。
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引用次数: 1
Retorische vragen van de rechter als wrakingsgrond 法官的反问句是反对的理由
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.1.017.JOSE
H. José Plug
The judge’s rhetorical questions as ground of objection: an argumentation-analytical model A complaint about the lack of impartiality of a judge may be filed on the grounds of the judge’s verbal behaviour. Such a complaint may result in the disqualification of the judge. In this paper, criticism on the verbal behaviour of the judge will be discussed from an argumentative perspective. From this perspective, the disqualification procedure may be considered a sub-discussion that relates to the initial legal dispute. I will examine what role complaints about the verbal behaviour of the judge can play in the argumentation of a party who seeks the judge’s disqualification. Therefore, I will analyse the structuring of the argumentation underlying disqualification requests that are based on complaints about the verbal behaviour of the judge. After that I will concentrate on complaints that concern the judge’s use of rhetorical questions. How these complaints about rhetorical questions may be evaluated will be examined and illustrated by an argumentative analysis of a decision by a disqualification panel.
关于法官缺乏公正性的投诉,可以以法官的言语行为为依据提出。这样的投诉可能导致法官被取消资格。本文将从论证的角度对法官言语行为的批评进行探讨。从这个角度来看,取消资格程序可以被视为与最初的法律纠纷有关的子讨论。我将研究对法官言语行为的投诉在寻求取消法官资格的一方的辩论中所起的作用。因此,我将分析基于对法官言语行为投诉的取消资格请求的论证结构。之后,我将集中讨论有关法官使用反问句的投诉。如何评估这些关于修辞问题的投诉将通过对取消资格小组决定的论证分析进行检查和说明。
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引用次数: 0
De ‘stem van het volk’ “人民的声音”
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.5117/TVT2019.1.012.LEEU
M. V. Leeuwen, Freek van Vliet
Recently, a growing body of (political-scientific) literature has focused on the empirical measurement of populism. In such studies, “people-centrism” is one of the most frequently analysed discourse characteristics, i.e. to what extent “the people” are put in the focus of attention in a politician’s discourse. In order to measure people-centrism empirically, it is common practice to use the number of references to the electorate as the only indicator. In this contribution, we substantiate that a linguistic-stylistic analysis of “perspective” or “attributed viewpoint” offers additional tools for analysing people-centrality in (populist) political discourse empirically. As a case study, we report on an analysis of series of parliamentary speeches delivered by the Dutch populist politicians Geert Wilders and Rita Verdonk.
最近,越来越多的(政治科学)文献关注民粹主义的实证测量。在这些研究中,“以人为中心主义”是最常被分析的话语特征之一,即政治家话语中“人民”在多大程度上成为关注的焦点。为了从经验上衡量以人为中心主义,通常的做法是将选民的引用次数作为唯一指标。在这篇文章中,我们证实了对“视角”或“归因观点”的语言文体分析为实证分析(民粹主义)政治话语中的人的中心性提供了额外的工具。作为一个案例研究,我们对荷兰民粹主义政治家海尔特·威尔德斯和丽塔·维尔东克发表的一系列议会演讲进行了分析。
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引用次数: 1
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Tijdschrift voor Taalbeheersing
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