Herein, we propose a hypothesis for the low level of vitamin D as a sign of untimely relocation of humans during history. This improper displacement made the human species prone to infectious and noninfectious diseases during the life journey. The low level of vitamin D is a sign that needs to be addressed as a marker of an unsafe journey in lifetime, not the cause for associated diseases, and the replacement of vitamin D is the least performed in this regard.
{"title":"Vitamin D and Human Journey","authors":"Shakiba Sh, S. M.","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/081","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we propose a hypothesis for the low level of vitamin D as a sign of untimely relocation of humans during history. This improper displacement made the human species prone to infectious and noninfectious diseases during the life journey. The low level of vitamin D is a sign that needs to be addressed as a marker of an unsafe journey in lifetime, not the cause for associated diseases, and the replacement of vitamin D is the least performed in this regard.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83372891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article is a review of our previously suggested concepts of “Distribution Dependent Correlations” (DDC), and “Intended Ranges”. DDC concern associations between relative amounts of positive scale variables, in unit systems where sum of the percentages is 100%. Such correlations arise mathematically on the condition that the variables in question have particular (“intended”) ranges. For example, with three variables, two of which (A, B) having very low variability relative to a third one (C), we should expect a positive association between percent A and percent B, the slope being estimated by the B/A ratio. In addition, we should anticipate a negative relationship between %C and %A (%B). On the other hand, if A and B have high numbers and variability relative to C, then %A should relate inversely to %B. Furthermore, alterations in the ranges may have appreciable effects to change the associations. We present examples from physiology, where ranges seem to give strong DDC (positive and negative). The examples relate to body fatty acids, and white blood cell counts. Possibly, Intended Ranges could represent a case of evolutionary selection, to ensure proper balance between particular metabolites.
本文回顾了我们之前提出的“分布相关”(DDC)和“预期范围”的概念。在百分比总和为100%的单位制中，DDC关注的是正尺度变量的相对数量之间的关联。这种相关性在数学上产生的条件是，所讨论的变量具有特定的(“预期的”)范围。例如，有三个变量，其中两个(A, B)相对于第三个变量(C)具有非常低的可变性，我们应该期望百分比A和百分比B之间存在正相关，斜率由B/A比率估计。此外，我们应该预测%C和% a (%B)之间的负相关关系。另一方面，如果A和B相对于C有很高的数字和可变性，那么%A应该与%B负相关。此外，范围的变化可能对改变这种关联有明显的影响。我们从生理学上给出了一些例子，其中范围似乎给出了很强的DDC(阳性和阴性)。这些例子与人体脂肪酸和白细胞计数有关。可能，预期范围可以代表进化选择的一种情况，以确保特定代谢物之间的适当平衡。
{"title":"Intended Ranges and Correlations between Relative Amounts: a Review","authors":"A. Høstmark","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/077","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is a review of our previously suggested concepts of “Distribution Dependent Correlations” (DDC), and “Intended Ranges”. DDC concern associations between relative amounts of positive scale variables, in unit systems where sum of the percentages is 100%. Such correlations arise mathematically on the condition that the variables in question have particular (“intended”) ranges. For example, with three variables, two of which (A, B) having very low variability relative to a third one (C), we should expect a positive association between percent A and percent B, the slope being estimated by the B/A ratio. In addition, we should anticipate a negative relationship between %C and %A (%B). On the other hand, if A and B have high numbers and variability relative to C, then %A should relate inversely to %B. Furthermore, alterations in the ranges may have appreciable effects to change the associations. We present examples from physiology, where ranges seem to give strong DDC (positive and negative). The examples relate to body fatty acids, and white blood cell counts. Possibly, Intended Ranges could represent a case of evolutionary selection, to ensure proper balance between particular metabolites.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88639125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until now, there is no hypothesis explaining metabolic processes. At present, only timid assumptions have been put forward about the possibility of the existence of biotransmutation in microorganisms. We have proposed a hypothesis explaining metabolic processes in a living organism. The main stages of the organization of energy flows of matter (action or effort) and antimatter (counteraction or anti-effort) are shown step by step on the basis of their interaction: the forces of complementary and related attraction. Demonstrated the formation of particle-nucleons (looped energy sweats) → electrons → electromagnetic waves → hydrogen proton → development of the hydrogen atom. The periodic table of chemical elements is considered as the gradual development of the hydrogen atom. According to the hypothesis put forward, any «living» body (subcellular organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism: bacteria, plants, fungi, animals, humans) is a set of proteins-enzymes, hormones and other biologically active substances (water, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.), is intended for the maximum possible acceleration of atomic (or corpuscular) synthesis (conflict-free ordering of previously separated energy flows of action and reaction) as a result of metabolic processes. The whole variety of chemical reactions (compounds, decomposition, substitution, ion exchange, redox, etc.) can be considered as a means for the classification (separation) of different types of electrons and protons, as well as for their delivery to the place of transmutation (active center of the protein -enzyme or hormone) along pathways built from biologically active substances (water, vitamins, fats, etc.). Any failures in the transmutation process immediately manifest themselves in the form of various pathological conditions (diseases). Consideration of «living» organisms as objects carrying out transmutation of chemical elements will make it possible to understand fundamentally new biochemistry, metabolic processes, therapeutic approaches to the treatment of various diseases, dietology, nutritional science, food quality and safety, etc.
{"title":"Possible Explanation of Metabolism Process","authors":"V. Litvyak, V. Litvyak","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/073","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, there is no hypothesis explaining metabolic processes. At present, only timid assumptions have been put forward about the possibility of the existence of biotransmutation in microorganisms. We have proposed a hypothesis explaining metabolic processes in a living organism. The main stages of the organization of energy flows of matter (action or effort) and antimatter (counteraction or anti-effort) are shown step by step on the basis of their interaction: the forces of complementary and related attraction. Demonstrated the formation of particle-nucleons (looped energy sweats) → electrons → electromagnetic waves → hydrogen proton → development of the hydrogen atom. The periodic table of chemical elements is considered as the gradual development of the hydrogen atom. According to the hypothesis put forward, any «living» body (subcellular organelles, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism: bacteria, plants, fungi, animals, humans) is a set of proteins-enzymes, hormones and other biologically active substances (water, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.), is intended for the maximum possible acceleration of atomic (or corpuscular) synthesis (conflict-free ordering of previously separated energy flows of action and reaction) as a result of metabolic processes. The whole variety of chemical reactions (compounds, decomposition, substitution, ion exchange, redox, etc.) can be considered as a means for the classification (separation) of different types of electrons and protons, as well as for their delivery to the place of transmutation (active center of the protein -enzyme or hormone) along pathways built from biologically active substances (water, vitamins, fats, etc.). Any failures in the transmutation process immediately manifest themselves in the form of various pathological conditions (diseases). Consideration of «living» organisms as objects carrying out transmutation of chemical elements will make it possible to understand fundamentally new biochemistry, metabolic processes, therapeutic approaches to the treatment of various diseases, dietology, nutritional science, food quality and safety, etc.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87787171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contamination with fungi and their toxins is considered one of the most dangerous hidden pollutants that threaten the health of the consumer. The presence of mycotoxins in various foods has been recorded, despite their apparent safety for human consumption. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Aspergillus species by culture method; and aflatoxin producing genes molecularly in total of 75 random samples of chicken cuts represented by wing, breast and thigh (25 of each) that were collected from various groceries and poultries shops located at Gharbiya governorate, Egypt. Results of culture and isolation techniques revealed detection of Aspergillus sp. in 36, 48 and 44% of the examined wing, breast and thigh samples, respectively. Moreover, microbiological identification of the isolated strains showed presence of A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus and A. parasiticus in 16, 13.3, 10.6, 1.3 and 1.3% of the total population of the examined samples. Molecular detection of some aflatoxin production regulating genes (OmtA, Nor1 and Ver1) in ten Aspergillus sp. isolates revealed their detection in 8/10 (80%), 8/10 (80%) and 7/10 (70%) represented by positive bands at molecular weight of 1024, 400 and 537 bp, respectively. Referring to the recorded results, chicken cuts may possess a great silent hazard to the human-being under improper good manufacturing practices and inadequate hygienic conditions during handling and storage.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Aflatoxin Producing Aspergillus Species Isolates in Some Chicken Meat Cuts In Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Ghanem A. M, Shaltout F. A, Heikal G. I","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/076","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination with fungi and their toxins is considered one of the most dangerous hidden pollutants that threaten the health of the consumer. The presence of mycotoxins in various foods has been recorded, despite their apparent safety for human consumption. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Aspergillus species by culture method; and aflatoxin producing genes molecularly in total of 75 random samples of chicken cuts represented by wing, breast and thigh (25 of each) that were collected from various groceries and poultries shops located at Gharbiya governorate, Egypt. Results of culture and isolation techniques revealed detection of Aspergillus sp. in 36, 48 and 44% of the examined wing, breast and thigh samples, respectively. Moreover, microbiological identification of the isolated strains showed presence of A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus and A. parasiticus in 16, 13.3, 10.6, 1.3 and 1.3% of the total population of the examined samples. Molecular detection of some aflatoxin production regulating genes (OmtA, Nor1 and Ver1) in ten Aspergillus sp. isolates revealed their detection in 8/10 (80%), 8/10 (80%) and 7/10 (70%) represented by positive bands at molecular weight of 1024, 400 and 537 bp, respectively. Referring to the recorded results, chicken cuts may possess a great silent hazard to the human-being under improper good manufacturing practices and inadequate hygienic conditions during handling and storage.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75742075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnus Michael Chukwudike Anyakudo, Ifeoluwa Adekunle Adediji
Background: Few epidemiological data exist on the effects of the mode of consumption of avocado on diet quality, weight management, and lipoglycemic profile in diabetic condition and other metabolic disease risk factors. Objectives: This study investigated the metabolic, lipoglycemic, and anthropometric impacts of avocado fruit mesocarp intake and the implication of its mode of consumption on body weight gain, lipid profile, glycemic tolerance and control in male diabetic Wistar rats. Method: Twenty one (21) adult male Wistar rats (150-220g) were randomly categorized into three experimental groups (n = 7, each): Diabetic control fed with normal diet (DC); Diabetic rats fed with avocado supplemented diet (DSA); Diabetic rats treated with aqueous mesocarp extract of avocado (DAE). Diabetes was inducted with 150 mg/dL, alloxan monohydrate solution intraperitoneally. Animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitum for six weeks. Body weights and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were measured twice weekly. LP and OGTT were conducted. Microsoft Excel and statistical SPSS program version 22 were used for data analysis. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Comparison between groups were made using Students’t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Consumption of avocado mesocarp caused significant reduction in mean body weight gain (DSA: 13.75%; DAE: 10.17%; P value < 0.05) and blood glucose concentrations (DSA: 9.48%; DAE: 21.0%; P = 0.002) with significant improvement in glycemic tolerance and lipid profile (DAE > DSA) over the control. Peaked glycemic responses occurred at 30 minutes of glucose challenge in DSA and DAE groups. Conclusion: Avocado fruit mesocarp intake reduced body weight gain and blood sugar with improved lipid profile and glycemic tolerance in experimental diabetic rats while the mode of consumption influenced its potential impacts.
{"title":"Persea Americana L. (Avocado) Fruit Mesocarp intake in Experimental Diabetic Rats: Impacts and Implication of Mode of Consumption","authors":"Magnus Michael Chukwudike Anyakudo, Ifeoluwa Adekunle Adediji","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few epidemiological data exist on the effects of the mode of consumption of avocado on diet quality, weight management, and lipoglycemic profile in diabetic condition and other metabolic disease risk factors. Objectives: This study investigated the metabolic, lipoglycemic, and anthropometric impacts of avocado fruit mesocarp intake and the implication of its mode of consumption on body weight gain, lipid profile, glycemic tolerance and control in male diabetic Wistar rats. Method: Twenty one (21) adult male Wistar rats (150-220g) were randomly categorized into three experimental groups (n = 7, each): Diabetic control fed with normal diet (DC); Diabetic rats fed with avocado supplemented diet (DSA); Diabetic rats treated with aqueous mesocarp extract of avocado (DAE). Diabetes was inducted with 150 mg/dL, alloxan monohydrate solution intraperitoneally. Animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitum for six weeks. Body weights and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were measured twice weekly. LP and OGTT were conducted. Microsoft Excel and statistical SPSS program version 22 were used for data analysis. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Comparison between groups were made using Students’t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Consumption of avocado mesocarp caused significant reduction in mean body weight gain (DSA: 13.75%; DAE: 10.17%; P value < 0.05) and blood glucose concentrations (DSA: 9.48%; DAE: 21.0%; P = 0.002) with significant improvement in glycemic tolerance and lipid profile (DAE > DSA) over the control. Peaked glycemic responses occurred at 30 minutes of glucose challenge in DSA and DAE groups. Conclusion: Avocado fruit mesocarp intake reduced body weight gain and blood sugar with improved lipid profile and glycemic tolerance in experimental diabetic rats while the mode of consumption influenced its potential impacts.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78376082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celiac disease is an inherited disease. In this case, the protein found in the wheat, barley, rye, and oats (α-gliadin - the alcohol-soluble component of gluten) damages the small intestinal mucosa of the body. As a result of the damage, absorption is impaired. The only way to treat it is through diet, so it is imperative to completely avoid the gluten-containing products. These must be replaced by gluten-free products. The primary purpose of the manuscript is to formulate dietary recommendations for patients with celiac disease. In addition, dishes are prepared and presented that can be an active part of the diet (fried chicken with potato garnish; fruit smoothie with coconut drink; chicken with mixed vegetable salad; fried eggs with fried vegetables and extruded gluten-free cornbread). These foods can be used effectively as part of a gluten-free diet. We hope to provide useful information for the scientific community. In addition, we can contribute to the protection of their health.
{"title":"Dietary Therapy for Celiac Disease: Suggestions for the Practical Application of the Diet Offered by Gastronomy","authors":"M. Pal, J. Molnár","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/066","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease is an inherited disease. In this case, the protein found in the wheat, barley, rye, and oats (α-gliadin - the alcohol-soluble component of gluten) damages the small intestinal mucosa of the body. As a result of the damage, absorption is impaired. The only way to treat it is through diet, so it is imperative to completely avoid the gluten-containing products. These must be replaced by gluten-free products. The primary purpose of the manuscript is to formulate dietary recommendations for patients with celiac disease. In addition, dishes are prepared and presented that can be an active part of the diet (fried chicken with potato garnish; fruit smoothie with coconut drink; chicken with mixed vegetable salad; fried eggs with fried vegetables and extruded gluten-free cornbread). These foods can be used effectively as part of a gluten-free diet. We hope to provide useful information for the scientific community. In addition, we can contribute to the protection of their health.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"55 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88469424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badr El-Sabah A. Fetoh, Mahmoud M. Ramadan, Abdelhadi A. I. Ali
Field trials conducted to determine the degradation of chlorfenapyr and methomyl insecticides in/on spinach leaves. Spinach plants sprayed with chlorfenapyr (Challenger Super™ 24% SC) and methomyl (Neomyl™ 90% SP) at the rates of 50 cm3/100 L water and 715 g/ ha, respectively. The QuEChERS method used for the extraction and clean-up of the samples. Residue amounts determined at 2 h, 2, 4, 6, 9, 13 and 16 days after application by UHPLC-UV. The mean of recovery percentages was 98.78 and 99.05 % for chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. The initial deposits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl on/in spinach leaves, two hours after a single application of the insecticides were 23.17 and 235.37 mg/kg, respectively. The percentages of dissipation of chlorfenapyr were 37.68, 55.29, 69.45, 84.45 and 96.83% for 2, 4, 6, 9 and 16 days after application. The corresponding dissipation percentages of methomyl were 38.27, 56.01, 71.44, 84.34 and 97.81%. The rates of degradation (k values) were 0.212 and 0.223, while the corresponding half-life times (t0.5) were 3.27 and 3.11 days with chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. It could be recommended that single application of chlorfenapyr on Spinach plants at the early ages followed by single application of methomyl at least 17 days before harvest.
{"title":"Chlorfenapyr and Methomyl Deterioration on Spinach Plants and Their Residual Effects in Vitro on Egyptian cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis)","authors":"Badr El-Sabah A. Fetoh, Mahmoud M. Ramadan, Abdelhadi A. I. Ali","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/068","url":null,"abstract":"Field trials conducted to determine the degradation of chlorfenapyr and methomyl insecticides in/on spinach leaves. Spinach plants sprayed with chlorfenapyr (Challenger Super™ 24% SC) and methomyl (Neomyl™ 90% SP) at the rates of 50 cm3/100 L water and 715 g/ ha, respectively. The QuEChERS method used for the extraction and clean-up of the samples. Residue amounts determined at 2 h, 2, 4, 6, 9, 13 and 16 days after application by UHPLC-UV. The mean of recovery percentages was 98.78 and 99.05 % for chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. The initial deposits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl on/in spinach leaves, two hours after a single application of the insecticides were 23.17 and 235.37 mg/kg, respectively. The percentages of dissipation of chlorfenapyr were 37.68, 55.29, 69.45, 84.45 and 96.83% for 2, 4, 6, 9 and 16 days after application. The corresponding dissipation percentages of methomyl were 38.27, 56.01, 71.44, 84.34 and 97.81%. The rates of degradation (k values) were 0.212 and 0.223, while the corresponding half-life times (t0.5) were 3.27 and 3.11 days with chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. It could be recommended that single application of chlorfenapyr on Spinach plants at the early ages followed by single application of methomyl at least 17 days before harvest.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79097320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants. There requirement by plants is in trace amounts. Boron, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and molybdenum constitute main micronutrients required by different crops in variable quantities. The requirement of micronutrients is partly met from the soil or through chemical fertilizer or through other sources. Various physical and metabolic functions are governed by these mineral nutrients. Boron is particularly essential in pollen germination, copper plays major role in photosynthesis and increases sugar content in fruits, chlorophyll synthesis and phosphorus availability is enhanced by manganese, iron acts as an oxygen carrier and promotes chlorophyll formation, while, zinc aids plant growth hormones and enzyme system. Yield and quality of agricultural products increased with micronutrients application, therefore human and animal health is protected with feed of enrichment plant materials. Each essential element only when can perform its role in plant nutrition properly that other necessary elements are available in balanced ratios for plant. therefore in the plant manganese plays an important role on oxidation and reduction processes, as electron transport in photosynthesis. Manganese deficiency has very serious effects on non-structural carbohydrates, and roots carbohydrates especially. Crops quality and quantity decreased due to manganese deficiency, and this is due to low fertility of pollen and low in carbohydrates during grain filling. In the xylem routes zinc is transmitted to divalent form or with organic acids bond. In the phloem sap zinc makes up complex with organic acids with low molecular weight, and increases its concentration. Zinc deficiency can be seen in eroded, calcareous and weathering acidic soils. Zinc deficiency is often accompanied with iron deficiency in calcareous soils. Iron in the soil is the fourth abundant element on earth, but its amount was low or not available for the plants and microorganisms needs, due to low solubility of minerals containing iron in many places the world, especially in arid region with alkaline soils.
{"title":"Review Paper on Effect of Micronutrients for Crop Production","authors":"Israel Zewide, Abde Sherefu","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/063","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants. There requirement by plants is in trace amounts. Boron, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and molybdenum constitute main micronutrients required by different crops in variable quantities. The requirement of micronutrients is partly met from the soil or through chemical fertilizer or through other sources. Various physical and metabolic functions are governed by these mineral nutrients. Boron is particularly essential in pollen germination, copper plays major role in photosynthesis and increases sugar content in fruits, chlorophyll synthesis and phosphorus availability is enhanced by manganese, iron acts as an oxygen carrier and promotes chlorophyll formation, while, zinc aids plant growth hormones and enzyme system. Yield and quality of agricultural products increased with micronutrients application, therefore human and animal health is protected with feed of enrichment plant materials. Each essential element only when can perform its role in plant nutrition properly that other necessary elements are available in balanced ratios for plant. therefore in the plant manganese plays an important role on oxidation and reduction processes, as electron transport in photosynthesis. Manganese deficiency has very serious effects on non-structural carbohydrates, and roots carbohydrates especially. Crops quality and quantity decreased due to manganese deficiency, and this is due to low fertility of pollen and low in carbohydrates during grain filling. In the xylem routes zinc is transmitted to divalent form or with organic acids bond. In the phloem sap zinc makes up complex with organic acids with low molecular weight, and increases its concentration. Zinc deficiency can be seen in eroded, calcareous and weathering acidic soils. Zinc deficiency is often accompanied with iron deficiency in calcareous soils. Iron in the soil is the fourth abundant element on earth, but its amount was low or not available for the plants and microorganisms needs, due to low solubility of minerals containing iron in many places the world, especially in arid region with alkaline soils.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74322301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organic agriculture started much more recently in thousands of years ago, Agriculture almost equal share of the farming systems of crop production and characterizes the key issues of Ethiopian economy. The quality of organic resources and their fertilizer equivalence are the main criteria to be judged for effective utilization of the organic resources for soil fertility improvement and promotion of agricultural products both in quantity and quality.Organic agriculture is production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. The evaluation of organic matter in soils depends on type and nature of organic source. Organic agriculture in the extent to which African farmers certified yields (more than 50% higher than local yield averages). The export main products produced are cotton, sesame and coffee, followed by cocoa, dried fruits, frozen fruit/pulp, fresh mainly tropical fruit and spices. Ethiopia is famous as the origin of coffee and is the largest producer in Africa. Forest coffee has the advantage that it originates from an organic and shaded production area - a quality increasingly important for coffee drinkers worldwide coffee cultivation systems, superior quality and organic in nature. Certified-organic farmers will generally require a higher price to compensate for the costs of inspection, certification and the major source of foreign exchange and thus account more than half of the value of total export. Total number of 12 forest coffee cooperatives in remote areas of southwestern Ethiopia were certified according to Fairtrade, organic (EU standard) and Utz Certified standards. The common understanding of agricultural production in all types of organic agriculture is managing the production capacity of an agro-ecosystem. Pesticides and fertilizers are damaging human health and polluting the surrounding environment and thus violating the sustainability of ecosystem.
{"title":"Review on Status of Organic Farming","authors":"Isreal Zewide","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/061","url":null,"abstract":"Organic agriculture started much more recently in thousands of years ago, Agriculture almost equal share of the farming systems of crop production and characterizes the key issues of Ethiopian economy. The quality of organic resources and their fertilizer equivalence are the main criteria to be judged for effective utilization of the organic resources for soil fertility improvement and promotion of agricultural products both in quantity and quality.Organic agriculture is production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. The evaluation of organic matter in soils depends on type and nature of organic source. Organic agriculture in the extent to which African farmers certified yields (more than 50% higher than local yield averages). The export main products produced are cotton, sesame and coffee, followed by cocoa, dried fruits, frozen fruit/pulp, fresh mainly tropical fruit and spices. Ethiopia is famous as the origin of coffee and is the largest producer in Africa. Forest coffee has the advantage that it originates from an organic and shaded production area - a quality increasingly important for coffee drinkers worldwide coffee cultivation systems, superior quality and organic in nature. Certified-organic farmers will generally require a higher price to compensate for the costs of inspection, certification and the major source of foreign exchange and thus account more than half of the value of total export. Total number of 12 forest coffee cooperatives in remote areas of southwestern Ethiopia were certified according to Fairtrade, organic (EU standard) and Utz Certified standards. The common understanding of agricultural production in all types of organic agriculture is managing the production capacity of an agro-ecosystem. Pesticides and fertilizers are damaging human health and polluting the surrounding environment and thus violating the sustainability of ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73677873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional medicine provides an important health care service and can be used as an alternate therapy. Plants are rich in phytochemical compounds that offer a source of dietary ingredients used to treat various ailments and problems. Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is a rich source of polyphenols. These polyphenols have shown numerous biological activities and health benefits. Also, conserve biodiversity and manage soil-borne pests as well as enhance soil and plant health. Therefore, the review of the present study shows the bioactivity, health effects, and inter-cropping advantages of spearmint.
{"title":"Review on Health Benefits of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Its Inter-cropping Advantage with Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Desta Abayechaw, Tarekegn Yoseph","doi":"10.31579/2637-8914/060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/060","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicine provides an important health care service and can be used as an alternate therapy. Plants are rich in phytochemical compounds that offer a source of dietary ingredients used to treat various ailments and problems. Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is a rich source of polyphenols. These polyphenols have shown numerous biological activities and health benefits. Also, conserve biodiversity and manage soil-borne pests as well as enhance soil and plant health. Therefore, the review of the present study shows the bioactivity, health effects, and inter-cropping advantages of spearmint.","PeriodicalId":19242,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Food Processing","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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