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CFD Simulation of Thermal Stratification and Mixing in a Nordic BWR Pressure Suppression Pool 北欧重水反应堆压力抑制池热分层和混合的 CFD 模拟
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.045
Xicheng Wang, Govatsa Acharya, Dmitry Grishchenko, Pavel Kudinov
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) employs the Pressure Suppression Pool (PSP) as a heat sink to prevent overpressure of the reactor vessel and containment. Steam can be injected into the PSP through spargers in normal and accident conditions and through blowdown pipes in case of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). There is a safety limit on the maximum PSP temperature at which such steam injection might cause dynamic loads on the containment structures. The performance of the pool can be affected if thermal stratification is developed when temperature of the hot layer grows rapidly while cold layer remains inactive. Simulation of pool behavior during realistic accident scenarios requires validated models that can sufficiently address the interaction between phenomena, safety systems and operational procedures. Direct modeling of steam injection into a water pool in long-term transients is computationally expensive due to the need to resolve simultaneously the smallest space and time scales of individual steam bubbles and the scales of the whole PSP. To enable PSP analysis for practical purposes, Effective Heat source and Effective Momentum source (EHS/EMS) models have been proposed that avoid the need to resolve steam-water interface. This paper aims to implement mechanistic approaches previously developed by authors for the simulation of transient thermal stratification and mixing phenomena induced by steam injection through spargers in a Nordic BWR PSP. The latest version of the EHS/EMS models using the ‘Unit cell’ approach has been validated against integral effect pool tests and applied to plant simulations. Several scenarios with boundary conditions corresponding to postulated accident sequences were simulated to investigate the possibility of stratification development and the effects of activation of different systems (e.g., blowdown pipes, high momentum nozzle) on the pool behavior.
沸水反应堆(BWR)采用压力抑制池(PSP)作为散热器,以防止反应堆容器和安全壳超压。蒸汽可在正常和事故条件下通过喷射器注入 PSP,在发生冷却剂损失事故(LOCA)时通过排污管道注入 PSP。PSP 的最高温度有安全限制,在此温度下注入蒸汽可能会对安全壳结构造成动态载荷。如果热层温度迅速升高,而冷层仍处于静止状态,形成热分层,那么水池的性能就会受到影响。模拟实际事故情况下的水池行为需要经过验证的模型,这些模型应能充分解决各种现象、安全系统和操作程序之间的相互作用。由于需要同时解决单个蒸汽气泡的最小空间和时间尺度以及整个 PSP 的尺度问题,因此直接模拟蒸汽注入水池的长期瞬态过程计算成本高昂。为使 PSP 分析达到实用目的,有人提出了有效热源和有效动量源(EHS/EMS)模型,以避免解决蒸汽-水界面问题。本文旨在采用作者之前开发的机理方法,模拟北欧 BWR PSP 中通过喷射器注入蒸汽引起的瞬态热分层和混合现象。采用 "单元单元 "方法的最新版 EHS/EMS 模型已经过整体效应池试验验证,并应用于电厂模拟。模拟了与假定事故序列相对应的边界条件的几种情况,以研究分层发展的可能性以及不同系统(如排污管道、高动量喷嘴)的启动对水池行为的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF LOOK-UP TABLES FOR THE PREDICTION OF HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT DISTRIBUTION IN ROD BUNDLES COOLED BY SUPERCRITICAL WATER 评估用于预测超临界水冷却棒束传热系数分布的查找表
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.044
Rashed MD. Sardar, Akhmed M. Baisov
The evaluation of available Look-Up Tables for prediction of heat transfer coefficient distribution in rod bundles cooled by supercritical water with the aim of their further use in computational analyses of various Fuel Assembles of Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors is made. The comparison between the calculations based on Look-Up Tables with the values from empirical correlations and experimental data for smooth and wire-wrapped rod bundles was presented. The obtained results showed that Look-Up Table of the University of Ottawa, which was created to describe improved and deteriorated heat transfer regimes in round tubes, allows describing available data points with 30% of the mean square deviation. It is noted that the presence of wire intensifies heat transfer exchange near pseudocritical temperature region but existing versions of Look-Up Tables cannot take into account this effect. Nevertheless, there is potential for further improvement in predicting the heat transfer coefficient using Look-Up Table by introducing additional correction factors.
评估了用于预测超临界水冷却棒束传热系数分布的可用查询表,目的是将其进一步用于超临界水冷反应堆各种燃料组件的计算分析。对基于查表的计算结果、经验相关值以及光滑棒束和线包棒束的实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,渥太华大学为描述圆管中改进和恶化的传热机制而创建的查找表,能够以 30% 的均方偏差描述可用的数据点。需要注意的是,金属丝的存在会加强伪临界温度区域附近的传热交换,但现有版本的查询表无法考虑到这一影响。尽管如此,通过引入额外的修正系数,利用查表预测传热系数仍有进一步改进的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of double-ended guillotine break accident of surge line in ACP100 based on coupling method: Development and validation of the coupling method 基于耦合法分析 ACP100 中浪涌线的双端铡刀断裂事故:耦合方法的开发与验证
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.046
Fan Miao, Bin Zhang, Tianci Xie, Hao Yang, Jianqiang Shan
The ACP100 is a small modular reactor (SMR) designed and built in China, featuring an integrated primary loop and passive safety systems. In SMRs, the interaction between the reactor coolant system, containment vessel, and other systems is highly interdependent. Therefore, it is necessary to use high-precision analysis codes, which can be achieved by coupling multiple codes. This paper is the first part of a study which investigates the LOCA in the ACP100 using a coupled platform. In this paper, a coupling platform was developed for transient analysis of SMR accidents, based on the system code NUSOL-SYS and the Integrated Severe Accident Analysis (ISAA) code. An inter-process communication module was developed adopting shared memory and event objects to exchange data between the two codes. A coupling interface defining the data to be exchanged was proposed. Both NUSOL-SYS and ISAA were modified to perform synchronous time step control. The coupling platform were validated through a hypothetical scenario and Edwards’ pipe blowdown experiment, demonstrating exact consistency and high accuracy. This coupling platform offers a new method for SMR accident analysis, providing a foundation for future work.
ACP100 是中国设计和建造的小型模块化反应堆 (SMR),具有集成的一次回路和被动安全系统。在 SMR 中,反应堆冷却剂系统、安全壳和其他系统之间的相互作用高度相互依赖。因此,有必要使用高精度的分析代码,这可以通过耦合多个代码来实现。本文是利用耦合平台研究 ACP100 LOCA 的第一部分。本文基于系统代码 NUSOL-SYS 和综合严重事故分析(ISAA)代码,开发了用于 SMR 事故瞬态分析的耦合平台。开发了一个进程间通信模块,采用共享内存和事件对象在两个代码之间交换数据。提出了一个定义要交换的数据的耦合接口。对 NUSOL-SYS 和 ISAA 都进行了修改,以执行同步时间步长控制。耦合平台通过假设场景和 Edwards 管道排污实验进行了验证,证明了其精确性和一致性。该耦合平台为 SMR 事故分析提供了一种新方法,为今后的工作奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary neutronics design and analysis of lithium heat pipe cooled space reactor with low-enriched uranium 使用低浓缩铀的锂热管冷却空间反应堆的初步中子设计与分析
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.042
Xiaoliang Zou, Yanting Sun, Qiusun Zeng, Xiaojian Wen, Xiaogang Cao, Xi Huang, Yibao Liu
The space nuclear reactor cooled by heat pipes has become the preferred choice for future space missions and deep space exploration missions. The use of low-enriched uranium (LEU) is promoted to achieve the goal of nuclear non-proliferation worldwide. In this study, a lithium heat pipe cooled space reactor with LEU (HP-LEU) was proposed based on Heat Pipes-Segmented Thermoelectric Module Converters (HP-STMCs), with the addition of moderators. The HP-LEU employs yttrium hydride (YH) as the moderator and 19.9 % enriched uranium nitride (UN) as the fuel. The neutronics analysis has been performed on the HP-LEU reactor and the results have showed that the HP-LEU has a lifetime of more than 12 years. Two control systems have been applied in the reactor and have demonstrated the capacity to independently regulate and shut down the reactor. The total temperature reactivity coefficients are consistently negative, indicating that the HP-LEU reactor is inherently safe during operation. During normal operation, the temperatures of the materials are all acceptable. This study can serve as a reference for lithium heat pipe cooled space reactors with LEU.
用热管冷却的空间核反应堆已成为未来空间任务和深空探测任务的首选。为实现全球核不扩散的目标,低浓缩铀(LEU)的使用得到了推广。本研究基于热管-分段式热电模块转换器(HP-STMCs),提出了一种使用 LEU 的锂热管冷却空间反应堆(HP-LEU),并增加了慢化剂。HP-LEU 采用氢化钇(YH)作为慢化剂,19.9% 的浓缩氮化铀(UN)作为燃料。对 HP-LEU 反应堆进行了中子分析,结果表明 HP-LEU 的寿命超过 12 年。反应堆采用了两套控制系统,并证明其具有独立调节和关闭反应堆的能力。总温度反应系数始终为负值,表明 HP-LEU 反应堆在运行期间本质上是安全的。在正常运行期间,材料的温度都是可以接受的。这项研究可作为使用 LEU 的锂热管冷却空间反应堆的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Lifetime thermal analysis of the CANDU spent fuel storage canister at the Wolsung site Wolsung 核电厂 CANDU 乏燃料贮存罐的寿命热分析
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.041
Tae Gang Lee, Taehyung Na, Byongjo Yun, Jae Jun Jeong
CANDU spent fuels in the Wolsung site have been stored in dry storage systems, such as concrete canisters and modular air-cooled storage system. The primary role of the canister is to ensure the integrity of the fuel during the storage period, which is significantly influenced by temperature. Thus, thermal analysis for the canister's components, especially for fuel cladding, is essential to demonstrate its safety. The thermal analysis has been conducted mainly for predicting the peak cladding temperature (PCT) since high temperature of the fuel can promote oxidation and cracking. As the expiration of storage license approaches, fuel transfer to final disposal should be prepared. This also requires a thermal analysis to predict minimum cladding temperature (MCT), which is related with brittleness. So, it is crucial to accurately predict both PCT and MCT during entire storage period. The cladding temperature is primarily influenced by decay heat and ambient conditions. The lifetime PCT may occur during summer at the beginning of storage, while the lifetime MCT occurs during winter at the end of storage. In this study, we calculated the PCT and MCT during the entire storage period using a realistic thermal analysis model and, subsequently, conducted their uncertainty analysis.
沃尔松厂址的 CANDU 乏燃料一直储存在干式储存系统中,如混凝土罐和模块化空气冷却储存系统。贮罐的主要作用是确保燃料在贮存期间的完整性,而这在很大程度上受到温度的影响。因此,对燃料罐的组件,特别是燃料包层进行热分析,对于证明其安全性至关重要。进行热分析主要是为了预测包壳的峰值温度(PCT),因为燃料的高温会促进氧化和裂解。随着贮存许可证到期日的临近,应准备将燃料转移到最终处置地点。这也需要进行热分析,以预测与脆性有关的最低包层温度(MCT)。因此,准确预测整个贮存期间的 PCT 和 MCT 至关重要。覆层温度主要受衰变热和环境条件的影响。寿命期内的 PCT 可能发生在贮存初期的夏季,而寿命期内的 MCT 则发生在贮存末期的冬季。在本研究中,我们使用一个现实的热分析模型计算了整个贮存期的 PCT 和 MCT,并随后进行了不确定性分析。
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引用次数: 0
Improving tally efficiency and accuracy of multi-group scattering matrix calculations in the Monte Carlo code NECP-MCX 提高蒙特卡罗代码 NECP-MCX 中多组散射矩阵计算的理算效率和精度
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.038
Hongchun Wu, Shuai Qin, Yunzhao Li, Jinkang Shi, Qingming He, Liangzhi Cao
Two issues arise in the calculation of the multi-group scattering matrix when employing a continuous-energy Monte Carlo code for generating homogenized multi-group cross-sections. Firstly, the analog estimator is used to evaluate group-to-group elements, which leads to large statistical uncertainty. Secondly, employing the scalar flux as the weighting function in generating the high-order scattering matrix introduces errors in fast reactor calculations. For the first issue, the repeated collision approach and pre-tabulated cross-section approach are adopted to improve the tally efficiency. For the second issue, the average scattering cosine is calculated based on the conservation of the mean square displacement of neutrons, which is then used to correct the first-order self-scattering cross-section. To evaluate the effectiveness of the above approaches, a PWR pin-cell problem and fast reactor core problems are tested. The results demonstrate that: 1) The figure of merit for multi-group scattering matrix calculations was improved by 8–12 times with the pre-tabulated cross-section approach. 2) Biases of were reduced from over 500 pcm to less than 300 pcm when using the corrected self-scattering cross-section. 3) The corrected self-scattering cross-section also yielded higher accuracy for the assembly power calculations, where the maximum biases are reduced from 5 % to 1 %.
采用连续能量蒙特卡洛代码生成均质化多组截面时,在计算多组散射矩阵时会出现两个问题。首先,使用模拟估计器来评估组对组元素,这会导致很大的统计不确定性。其次,在生成高阶散射矩阵时使用标量通量作为加权函数,会给快堆计算带来误差。针对第一个问题,我们采用了重复碰撞法和预制截面法来提高统计效率。对于第二个问题,根据中子均方位移守恒计算平均散射余弦,然后用于修正一阶自散射截面。为了评估上述方法的有效性,对压水堆针室问题和快堆堆芯问题进行了测试。结果表明1) 采用预先制表的截面方法,多组散射矩阵计算的优越性提高了 8-12 倍。2) 使用校正自散射截面时,偏差从 500 pcm 以上降至 300 pcm 以下。3) 经校正的自散射截面也提高了装配功率计算的精确度,最大偏差从 5% 降至 1%。
{"title":"Improving tally efficiency and accuracy of multi-group scattering matrix calculations in the Monte Carlo code NECP-MCX","authors":"Hongchun Wu, Shuai Qin, Yunzhao Li, Jinkang Shi, Qingming He, Liangzhi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.net.2024.07.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2024.07.038","url":null,"abstract":"Two issues arise in the calculation of the multi-group scattering matrix when employing a continuous-energy Monte Carlo code for generating homogenized multi-group cross-sections. Firstly, the analog estimator is used to evaluate group-to-group elements, which leads to large statistical uncertainty. Secondly, employing the scalar flux as the weighting function in generating the high-order scattering matrix introduces errors in fast reactor calculations. For the first issue, the repeated collision approach and pre-tabulated cross-section approach are adopted to improve the tally efficiency. For the second issue, the average scattering cosine is calculated based on the conservation of the mean square displacement of neutrons, which is then used to correct the first-order self-scattering cross-section. To evaluate the effectiveness of the above approaches, a PWR pin-cell problem and fast reactor core problems are tested. The results demonstrate that: 1) The figure of merit for multi-group scattering matrix calculations was improved by 8–12 times with the pre-tabulated cross-section approach. 2) Biases of were reduced from over 500 pcm to less than 300 pcm when using the corrected self-scattering cross-section. 3) The corrected self-scattering cross-section also yielded higher accuracy for the assembly power calculations, where the maximum biases are reduced from 5 % to 1 %.","PeriodicalId":19272,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental study on practical application of optical fiber sensor (OFS) for high-temperature system 高温系统光纤传感器(OFS)实际应用实验研究
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.025
Byeongyeon Kim, Youngwoong Kim, YunSook Lee, Ki-Ean Nam, Jung Yoon, Yong-Hoon Shin, Hyeonil Kim, Jewhan Lee, BongWan Lee
This study explores the application of Raman scattering-based optical fiber sensors (OFSs) in extreme environments, specifically focusing on a loop heater vessel with temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 680 °C. This condition generally covers the advanced reactor designs, such as Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor and High Temperature Reactor. Various optical fiber combinations were employed for temperature measurements, taking into consideration the operating temperature of the target equipment. Two types of OFSs, gold-coated and polyimide-coated, were utilized. Protective tubes made of stainless steel (STS) and carbon were introduced to ensure reliable temperature data collection in high-temperature settings. Results indicate that the STS tube with a gold-coated OFS exhibited the highest consistency and agreement with thermocouple measurements, making it suitable for extreme environments. The study emphasizes the applicability of this system in high-temperature environments, such as liquid metal reactors, high-temperature thermal energy storage system, and hydrogen production system, for environmental monitoring.
本研究探讨了基于拉曼散射的光纤传感器(OFS)在极端环境中的应用,尤其侧重于温度范围为 200 °C 至 680 °C 的循环加热器容器。这种条件一般涵盖先进的反应堆设计,如钠冷快堆和高温反应堆。考虑到目标设备的工作温度,采用了各种光纤组合进行温度测量。使用了两种类型的 OFS:金涂层和聚酰亚胺涂层。为了确保在高温环境下可靠地收集温度数据,还采用了不锈钢(STS)和碳纤维制成的保护管。结果表明,带有金涂层 OFS 的 STS 管与热电偶测量结果的一致性和一致性最高,因此适用于极端环境。这项研究强调了该系统在高温环境中的适用性,如液态金属反应堆、高温热能存储系统和制氢系统的环境监测。
{"title":"Experimental study on practical application of optical fiber sensor (OFS) for high-temperature system","authors":"Byeongyeon Kim, Youngwoong Kim, YunSook Lee, Ki-Ean Nam, Jung Yoon, Yong-Hoon Shin, Hyeonil Kim, Jewhan Lee, BongWan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.net.2024.07.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2024.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the application of Raman scattering-based optical fiber sensors (OFSs) in extreme environments, specifically focusing on a loop heater vessel with temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 680 °C. This condition generally covers the advanced reactor designs, such as Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor and High Temperature Reactor. Various optical fiber combinations were employed for temperature measurements, taking into consideration the operating temperature of the target equipment. Two types of OFSs, gold-coated and polyimide-coated, were utilized. Protective tubes made of stainless steel (STS) and carbon were introduced to ensure reliable temperature data collection in high-temperature settings. Results indicate that the STS tube with a gold-coated OFS exhibited the highest consistency and agreement with thermocouple measurements, making it suitable for extreme environments. The study emphasizes the applicability of this system in high-temperature environments, such as liquid metal reactors, high-temperature thermal energy storage system, and hydrogen production system, for environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":19272,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Engineering and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical study on the size effect on the mixing in 2×1, 3×3 and 5×5 rod bundle subchannels 关于 2×1、3×3 和 5×5 棒束子通道中混合的尺寸效应的数值研究
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.019
Bin Han, Yuanyuan Yin, Xiaoliang zhu, Bao-Wen Yang, Aiguo Liu, Shenghui Liu
Mixing Vane Grid (MVG) is considered as one of the most important components in the fuel assembly which not only plays the role of supporting the rod bundles but also improves the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) in the reactor core. Modeling and measuring the flow behavior accurately in the rod bundle is the key to understanding and learning complex grid performance in the fuel assembly and will develop high performance MVG. Usually, the fuel assembly in the reactor core consists of 17 × 17 or 16 × 16 rod bundles, it is hardly to use the original MVGs to perform study. The representative smaller prototypical grids are applied. Different bundle sizes are used including 1 × 1, 2 × 1, 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 et al. It is an absolute question of how the smaller size rod bundles are prototypical that could fully reflect the true flow and heat transfer behavior in a reactor core. In this paper, the effect of bundle size on flow and heat transfer is investigated under sizes of 2 × 1, 3 × 3 and 5 × 5. Firstly, the boundary settings in 2 × 1 are studied and the surface averaged secondary flow and local flow at the gap with 5 × 5 results are compared. Then the 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 bundle sizes are compared under subcooled flow. The center subchannels temperature and the void fraction distributions are analyzed. The effect of non-prototypical cold walls on heat transfer is discussed. The study shows that, different bundle sizes will produce different flow phenomena in the rod bundle, the flow pattern may not be the same with the reactor core fuel assembly, the typical bundle size selection should be based on the research purpose.
混合叶栅(MVG)被认为是燃料组件中最重要的部件之一,它不仅起着支撑棒束的作用,还能提高反应堆堆芯中的临界热通量(CHF)。对棒束中的流动行为进行建模和精确测量,是了解和学习燃料组件中复杂栅格性能以及开发高性能 MVG 的关键。反应堆堆芯中的燃料组件通常由 17 × 17 或 16 × 16 的棒束组成,很难使用原始 MVG 进行研究。我们采用了具有代表性的较小原型网格。不同尺寸的杆束包括 1 × 1、2 × 1、3 × 3 和 5 × 5 等。较小尺寸的杆束如何成为能充分反映反应堆堆芯中真实流动和传热行为的原型是一个绝对的问题。本文研究了 2 × 1、3 × 3 和 5 × 5 尺寸下棒束尺寸对流动和传热的影响。首先,研究了 2 × 1 的边界设置,并将表面平均二次流和间隙处的局部流与 5 × 5 的结果进行了比较。然后比较了过冷流条件下 3 × 3 和 5 × 5 的管束尺寸。分析了中心子通道的温度和空隙率分布。讨论了非原型冷壁对传热的影响。研究表明,不同尺寸的管束会在棒束内产生不同的流动现象,其流动模式可能与反应堆堆芯燃料组件不尽相同,因此应根据研究目的选择典型的管束尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
A simplified SP3 NEM solver within a unified formulation for pin-by-pin core multi-group calculations 简化的 SP3 NEM 求解器,采用统一公式进行逐针核心多组计算
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.017
Sicheng Wang, Ser Gi Hong
This study addresses the development and verification of a pin-by-pin core multigroup SP solver CTRP-Clouds that employs NEM (Nodal Expansion Method) and three simplified NEM methods within a unified formulation for simultaneously solving the coupling 0 and 2 SP equations. In this work, the solver using this unified formulation does not only include the original NEM and its simplifications but also the EFEN (Exponential Function Expansion Nodal) method and FDM (Finite Difference Method) for the comprehensive evaluation. Also, the solver was accelerated using CMFD (Coarse Mesh Finite Difference) method and parallelized using OpenMP. The computational efficiency of different solution methods was investigated for the 2D KAIST benchmark problems and their modified one for considering 3D extension. The results showed the simplified NEM with flat leakage approximation gives acceptable accuracies of less than 1.2 % in RMS of pin-power discrepancies of all the cases with 1x1 mesh per pin-cell, with a reduction of 20 % computing time compared to the original NEM. Particularly, the calculation time of flat leakage NEM is comparable to EFEN while the pin-wise accuracy is better. Besides, the simplified NEM with 2-order flux expansion gives substantially improved accuracy in comparison with FDM within comparable computing time.
本研究针对逐针核心多组 SP 求解器 CTRP-Clouds 的开发和验证,该求解器在统一公式中采用了 NEM(节点扩展法)和三种简化 NEM 方法,可同时求解耦合 0 和耦合 2 SP 方程。在这项工作中,使用这种统一公式的求解器不仅包括原始 NEM 及其简化方法,还包括用于综合评估的 EFEN(指数函数展开节点法)和 FDM(有限差分法)。此外,还使用 CMFD(粗网格有限差分)方法加速了求解器,并使用 OpenMP 进行了并行化。针对二维 KAIST 基准问题和考虑三维扩展的修正问题,研究了不同求解方法的计算效率。结果表明,在每个引脚单元采用 1x1 网格的情况下,采用平面泄漏近似的简化 NEM 在所有情况下的引脚功率差异均方根有效值(RMS)小于 1.2 %,计算时间比原始 NEM 减少了 20 %。特别是,平面漏电 NEM 的计算时间与 EFEN 相当,而引脚精度更高。此外,在计算时间相当的情况下,采用二阶通量扩展的简化 NEM 与 FDM 相比,精度大幅提高。
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引用次数: 0
Imbalanced data fault diagnosis method for nuclear power plants based on convolutional variational autoencoding Wasserstein generative adversarial network and random forest 基于卷积变异自动编码 Wasserstein 生成对抗网络和随机森林的核电站不平衡数据故障诊断方法
IF 2.7 3区 工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2024.07.015
Jun Guo, Yulong Wang, Xiang Sun, Shiqiao Liu, Baigang Du
Data-driven fault diagnosis techniques are significant for the stable operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, in practical applications, the fault diagnosis of NPPs usually faces imbalance data problems with small fault samples and much redundant data which results in low model training efficiency and poor generalization performance. Thus, this paper proposes a convolutional variational autoencoding gradient-penalty Wasserstein generative adversarial network with random forest (CVGR) to reduce the impact of imbalanced samples on fault diagnosis. Firstly, a feature selection method based on the random forest is used to identify the most relevant measurements and reduce the impact of redundant data on fault diagnosis. Then, variational autoencoding is introduced into gradient-penalty Wasserstein generative adversarial to effectively extract original sample features and generate high-quality samples with high rationality and diversity. In addition, the convolutional neural network is used to extract the features of mixed samples to realize intelligent fault diagnosis. Finally, several experiments based on the Fuqing Unit 2 full-scope simulator under different operating conditions are used to validate the performance of the CVGR in data enhancement and intelligent fault diagnosis. The results show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate the imbalance data problem, which gives insights into intelligent fault diagnosis of NPPs.
数据驱动的故障诊断技术对核电站的稳定运行意义重大。然而,在实际应用中,核电站故障诊断通常面临故障样本少、冗余数据多的不平衡数据问题,导致模型训练效率低、泛化性能差。因此,本文提出了一种带有随机森林的卷积变异自动编码梯度惩罚瓦瑟斯坦生成对抗网络(CVGR),以减少不平衡样本对故障诊断的影响。首先,使用基于随机森林的特征选择方法来识别最相关的测量值,减少冗余数据对故障诊断的影响。然后,将变异自动编码引入梯度惩罚性 Wasserstein 成因对抗,有效提取原始样本特征,生成具有高合理性和多样性的高质量样本。此外,利用卷积神经网络提取混合样本的特征,实现智能故障诊断。最后,基于福清 2 号机组全范围模拟器在不同运行条件下进行了多次实验,验证了卷积神经网络在数据增强和智能故障诊断方面的性能。结果表明,所提出的方法能有效缓解不平衡数据问题,为核电站的智能故障诊断提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
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Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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