Summary : We aimed to clarify the relationship between frailty and insufficient nutrient intake in older outpatients attending a frailty clinic, independent of energy intake. The subjects were 270 patients with a median age of 79 years who had no moderate or severe cognitive impairment, comorbidities requiring protein restriction, or physical dependency. Frailty was evaluated using the J-CHS criteria. Nutrient intake was assessed with a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, and adjusted to the required energy intake for each indi-vidual. The criteria for sufficient intake of 22 nutrients were based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese. The association between frailty and insufficient nutrient intake was analyzed by the logistic regression model. The dependent variable was nutrient intake deficiency, the independent variable was frailty, and the covariates were age and BMI. We found that there was a significant association between frailty status and insufficient intake of zinc with an odds ratio （95 % confidence interval ） of 2 . 50 （1 . 23-5 . 06） in women, but not in men. Our results indicate that paying attention to sufficient intake of zinc is an important part of nutritional therapy for frail older women.
{"title":"Relationship between Frailty and Insufficient Nutrient Intake in Older Outpatients at a Frailty Clinic","authors":"K. Kinoshita, S. Satake, Y. Matsui, H. Arai","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.72.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.72.221","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : We aimed to clarify the relationship between frailty and insufficient nutrient intake in older outpatients attending a frailty clinic, independent of energy intake. The subjects were 270 patients with a median age of 79 years who had no moderate or severe cognitive impairment, comorbidities requiring protein restriction, or physical dependency. Frailty was evaluated using the J-CHS criteria. Nutrient intake was assessed with a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, and adjusted to the required energy intake for each indi-vidual. The criteria for sufficient intake of 22 nutrients were based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese. The association between frailty and insufficient nutrient intake was analyzed by the logistic regression model. The dependent variable was nutrient intake deficiency, the independent variable was frailty, and the covariates were age and BMI. We found that there was a significant association between frailty status and insufficient intake of zinc with an odds ratio （95 % confidence interval ） of 2 . 50 （1 . 23-5 . 06） in women, but not in men. Our results indicate that paying attention to sufficient intake of zinc is an important part of nutritional therapy for frail older women.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91016139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuki Soma, M. Katashima, S. Kurauchi, K. Sawada, Itoyo Tokuda, Hitomi Komame, K. Murashita, S. Nakaji
{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome Improvement Programs for Behavior Modification in the Occupational Field","authors":"Yuki Soma, M. Katashima, S. Kurauchi, K. Sawada, Itoyo Tokuda, Hitomi Komame, K. Murashita, S. Nakaji","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.72.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.72.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76960943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Nutritional Study on the Bioregulatory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols","authors":"H. Tachibana","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.72.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.72.205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary : This study investigated how galactooligosaccharide （ GOS ） administration influences the efficacy of oral immunotherapy （ OIT ） . Mouse models of egg allergy were prepared using alum as an adjuvant. The mice were divided into three groups: Non-OIT, OIT, GOS-administered, and OIT ＋ GOS-administered. Non-sen-sitized mice were also prepared. During a four-week treatment period, the OIT groups （ OIT and OIT ＋ GOS ） were fed a diet containing 1％ egg white, and the GOS groups （ GOS and OIT ＋ GOS ） were force-fed 30 mg of GOS daily. Allergy severity was evaluated following egg white oral and abdominal food challenge. Regulatory T cells （ Tregs ） were also examined as the ratio of CD 4 ＋ Foxp 3 ＋ cells among splenic lymphocytes. In the oral food challenge experiment after OIT, the decrease in the rectal temperature of the mice in the OIT group was suppressed relative to the decrease in the Non-OIT group; however, no such suppression was observed in the OIT ＋ GOS group. The CD 4 ＋ Foxp 3 ＋ （ Treg ） cell ratio was highest in the OIT group, followed in order by the OIT ＋ GOS group and the Non-OIT group. Therefore, the relationship between Tregs and OIT was also investigated. Interestingly, after 2 weeks of OIT in the model mice with reduced Tregs after administration of anti-mouse CD 25 antibody, no suppression of the decrease in rectal temperature was observed following oral food challenge. We observed that combining GOS with OIT diminished the efficacy of OIT, potentially due to a re-duction of Tregs.
{"title":"Oral Galactooligosaccharide Administration Diminishes the Improvement in Allergy Severity Induced by Oral Immunotherapy in a Mouse Model of Egg White Allergy","authors":"Risako Katahira, Akihiro Maeta, Kyoko Takahashi","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.72.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.72.257","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : This study investigated how galactooligosaccharide （ GOS ） administration influences the efficacy of oral immunotherapy （ OIT ） . Mouse models of egg allergy were prepared using alum as an adjuvant. The mice were divided into three groups: Non-OIT, OIT, GOS-administered, and OIT ＋ GOS-administered. Non-sen-sitized mice were also prepared. During a four-week treatment period, the OIT groups （ OIT and OIT ＋ GOS ） were fed a diet containing 1％ egg white, and the GOS groups （ GOS and OIT ＋ GOS ） were force-fed 30 mg of GOS daily. Allergy severity was evaluated following egg white oral and abdominal food challenge. Regulatory T cells （ Tregs ） were also examined as the ratio of CD 4 ＋ Foxp 3 ＋ cells among splenic lymphocytes. In the oral food challenge experiment after OIT, the decrease in the rectal temperature of the mice in the OIT group was suppressed relative to the decrease in the Non-OIT group; however, no such suppression was observed in the OIT ＋ GOS group. The CD 4 ＋ Foxp 3 ＋ （ Treg ） cell ratio was highest in the OIT group, followed in order by the OIT ＋ GOS group and the Non-OIT group. Therefore, the relationship between Tregs and OIT was also investigated. Interestingly, after 2 weeks of OIT in the model mice with reduced Tregs after administration of anti-mouse CD 25 antibody, no suppression of the decrease in rectal temperature was observed following oral food challenge. We observed that combining GOS with OIT diminished the efficacy of OIT, potentially due to a re-duction of Tregs.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78874790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manabe Yoshitaka, Y. Takamatsu, Kitatani Yuki, Minoru Yoda, T. Ishiguro, F. Katsukawa
Summary : Powdered oils are oil products in which fine oil particles with an average diameter of 1 μ m are en-capsulated with carbohydrates, proteins, etc., and have been used in food products to fulfill a variety of func-tions, such as conferring cooking properties and flavors, and improving texture. It has been suggested that the particle size of fat globules affects their speed of digestion and absorption, but the digestion and absorption of powdered oils have not been investigated in any detail. In this study, we conducted a crossover trial involving 24 healthy young adult males to compare the postprandial plasma TG and FFA response to two types of fat load: powdered oil and liquid oil. A total of seven blood specimens were collected at one-hour intervals from 0 h to 6 h, and plasma TG and FFA values were measured. Plasma TG values peaked at three hours after consumption of both powdered oil and liquid oil. Between 0 h and 3 h, a significant interaction between time and the type of oil was found, and the area under the curve （ delta AUC ） of plasma TG after consumption of powdered oil was significantly larger than that after consumption of liquid oil. These findings suggest that powdered oil may be absorbed to a greater degree than liquid oil during the early postprandial phase.
{"title":"Changes in Human Plasma Triglyceride Values after Ingestion of Powdered Oil and Liquid Oil","authors":"Manabe Yoshitaka, Y. Takamatsu, Kitatani Yuki, Minoru Yoda, T. Ishiguro, F. Katsukawa","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.72.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.72.13","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : Powdered oils are oil products in which fine oil particles with an average diameter of 1 μ m are en-capsulated with carbohydrates, proteins, etc., and have been used in food products to fulfill a variety of func-tions, such as conferring cooking properties and flavors, and improving texture. It has been suggested that the particle size of fat globules affects their speed of digestion and absorption, but the digestion and absorption of powdered oils have not been investigated in any detail. In this study, we conducted a crossover trial involving 24 healthy young adult males to compare the postprandial plasma TG and FFA response to two types of fat load: powdered oil and liquid oil. A total of seven blood specimens were collected at one-hour intervals from 0 h to 6 h, and plasma TG and FFA values were measured. Plasma TG values peaked at three hours after consumption of both powdered oil and liquid oil. Between 0 h and 3 h, a significant interaction between time and the type of oil was found, and the area under the curve （ delta AUC ） of plasma TG after consumption of powdered oil was significantly larger than that after consumption of liquid oil. These findings suggest that powdered oil may be absorbed to a greater degree than liquid oil during the early postprandial phase.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91153372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayu Matsunaga, Kurumi Takagi-Matsumoto, M. Yamashita, Kumiko Kizu-Mori, Junko Hirose, T. Kabuki, F. Sakai, Hiroshi Narita
Summary : Maternal administration of probiotics is known to be effective for prevention of allergic symptoms in babies by suppressing the immune reaction to orally ingested proteins （ oral tolerance ） . We investigated whether breast milk nourishment by mother mice that had been orally administrated Lactobacillus gasseri SBT 2055 （ LG 2055） with food antigen contributed to allergy prevention in their pups. Female BALB/c mice （ dams ） were fed a diet containing casein （ C group ） , egg white （ E group ） , or egg white with LG 2055 （ E ＋ LG group ） . After induction of pregnancy, pups fed on their dam ʼ s milk were systemically immunized with ovalbu-min （ OVA ） . Then, at the age of seven weeks, the pups were given an intragastric OVA challenge. The incidence of diarrhea was significantly suppressed in pups of the E ＋ LG group relative to the E group. Moreover, the amounts of total IgA and OVA-specific IgA immune complex （ IgA-IC ） in the breast milk were significantly in-creased by administration of LG 2055 . These findings suggest that the increase of IgA-IC in breast milk by LG 2055 might closely correlate with enhancement of oral tolerance in pups.
{"title":"Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 Enhances Oral Tolerance in Mice via Breastfeeding","authors":"Ayu Matsunaga, Kurumi Takagi-Matsumoto, M. Yamashita, Kumiko Kizu-Mori, Junko Hirose, T. Kabuki, F. Sakai, Hiroshi Narita","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.72.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.72.105","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : Maternal administration of probiotics is known to be effective for prevention of allergic symptoms in babies by suppressing the immune reaction to orally ingested proteins （ oral tolerance ） . We investigated whether breast milk nourishment by mother mice that had been orally administrated Lactobacillus gasseri SBT 2055 （ LG 2055） with food antigen contributed to allergy prevention in their pups. Female BALB/c mice （ dams ） were fed a diet containing casein （ C group ） , egg white （ E group ） , or egg white with LG 2055 （ E ＋ LG group ） . After induction of pregnancy, pups fed on their dam ʼ s milk were systemically immunized with ovalbu-min （ OVA ） . Then, at the age of seven weeks, the pups were given an intragastric OVA challenge. The incidence of diarrhea was significantly suppressed in pups of the E ＋ LG group relative to the E group. Moreover, the amounts of total IgA and OVA-specific IgA immune complex （ IgA-IC ） in the breast milk were significantly in-creased by administration of LG 2055 . These findings suggest that the increase of IgA-IC in breast milk by LG 2055 might closely correlate with enhancement of oral tolerance in pups.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78446742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Yamauchi, Sarasa Kogure, Toshihide Horiguchi, Kayo Yonezawa, Yuri Tanioka, T. Furusho, J. Takebayashi, Y. Tousen, Y. Ishimi
{"title":"Detection of the Health Foods Indicating the Estrogen Activity","authors":"J. Yamauchi, Sarasa Kogure, Toshihide Horiguchi, Kayo Yonezawa, Yuri Tanioka, T. Furusho, J. Takebayashi, Y. Tousen, Y. Ishimi","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.72.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.72.159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91545566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Misawa, Miyuki Tanaka, F. Abe, K. Yamauchi, Marie Saito, K. Nabeshima
Summary : We have identified five phytosterols （ Aloe sterols ） obtained from Aloe vera gel as functional ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effects of orally ingested Aloe sterols on skin function, which is impor-tant for body homeostasis. In an in vitro study, the synthesis and production of collagen and hyaluronan by fibroblasts isolated from human skin were stimulated by addition of Aloe sterols. Aloe sterol supplementation in vivo also suppressed UV-induced reductions of skin hydration, elasticity and dermal collagen content signifi-cantly. We then performed a 12 -week double blind, randomized controlled trial of daily oral intake of Aloe sterols, and observed significant increases in skin barrier function, skin moisture, skin elasticity and dermal collagen content. The results of these studies confirmed the usefulness of Aloe sterols as functional food material for maintenance and promotion of skin health.
{"title":"Novel Health Functions of Aloe Vera Gel-derived Phytosterols and Their Application in Functional Foods","authors":"E. Misawa, Miyuki Tanaka, F. Abe, K. Yamauchi, Marie Saito, K. Nabeshima","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.72.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.72.141","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : We have identified five phytosterols （ Aloe sterols ） obtained from Aloe vera gel as functional ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effects of orally ingested Aloe sterols on skin function, which is impor-tant for body homeostasis. In an in vitro study, the synthesis and production of collagen and hyaluronan by fibroblasts isolated from human skin were stimulated by addition of Aloe sterols. Aloe sterol supplementation in vivo also suppressed UV-induced reductions of skin hydration, elasticity and dermal collagen content signifi-cantly. We then performed a 12 -week double blind, randomized controlled trial of daily oral intake of Aloe sterols, and observed significant increases in skin barrier function, skin moisture, skin elasticity and dermal collagen content. The results of these studies confirmed the usefulness of Aloe sterols as functional food material for maintenance and promotion of skin health.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87933761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary : Seaweed is a popular and traditional Japanese food rich in various minerals and vitamins, as well as dietary fibre. However, its effects on human lipid metabolism are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the effect of wakame, the Japanese name for the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida , on postprandial serum lipid responses to consumption of a high-fat diet in humans. In a randomized crossover trial, 10 women with nor-molipidemia or mild hypertriglyceridemia were administered a high-fat diet containing approximately 40 . 6 g of lipid with or without 4 g of dried wakame. Serum lipid levels were measured in the fasting state and 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 hours after consuming the high-fat diet. With reference to the control group, intake of wakame suppressed the elevation of serum remnant like particle-cholesterol (RemL-C) (at 6 hours), and lipoprotein (Origin) (at 4 hours) levels. In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that wakame consumption attenuates the postprandial in-crease in serum TG, RemL-C, and CM levels following a fat load, suggesting its potential role in reducing the risk of arteriosclerotic diseases.
{"title":"Effects of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) on Postprandial Serum Lipid Responses in Humans","authors":"Keiko Yoshinaga, R. Mitamura","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.72.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.72.267","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : Seaweed is a popular and traditional Japanese food rich in various minerals and vitamins, as well as dietary fibre. However, its effects on human lipid metabolism are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the effect of wakame, the Japanese name for the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida , on postprandial serum lipid responses to consumption of a high-fat diet in humans. In a randomized crossover trial, 10 women with nor-molipidemia or mild hypertriglyceridemia were administered a high-fat diet containing approximately 40 . 6 g of lipid with or without 4 g of dried wakame. Serum lipid levels were measured in the fasting state and 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 hours after consuming the high-fat diet. With reference to the control group, intake of wakame suppressed the elevation of serum remnant like particle-cholesterol (RemL-C) (at 6 hours), and lipoprotein (Origin) (at 4 hours) levels. In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that wakame consumption attenuates the postprandial in-crease in serum TG, RemL-C, and CM levels following a fat load, suggesting its potential role in reducing the risk of arteriosclerotic diseases.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79684058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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