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Human trafficking and the African woman: A critical study of Darko’s Beyond the horizon and Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Trafficked 人口贩卖与非洲妇女:对达尔科的《地平线之外》和阿迪莫拉-艾泽博的《被贩卖》的批判性研究
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.007
Margaret Fafa Nutsukpo
Abstract Globalization, gender inequality and poverty render African women vulnerable to trafficking; this is explored by Darko and Adimora-Ezeigbo in their novels. From the feminist perspective, this article analyzes the authors’ portrayal of trafficking, factors and structures that sustain it, and the significance of the construction of self-narratives during victim’s rehabilitation. It also proffers preventive strategies and effective avenues for victims’ rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
全球化、性别不平等和贫困使非洲妇女容易成为人口贩运的受害者;达科和阿迪莫拉-艾泽博在他们的小说中对此进行了探讨。本文从女性主义视角出发,分析了作者对人口贩运的刻画、支撑人口贩运的因素和结构,以及在受害者康复过程中建构自我叙事的意义。它还为受害者的康复和重新融入社会提供了预防战略和有效途径。
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引用次数: 1
The intercultural Bildungsroman as a platform for a hybrid feminist epistemology in Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy (1990): The (im)possibility of a unified feminist movement 牙买加·金凯德的《露西》(1990)中作为混合女权主义认识论平台的跨文化成长小说:统一女权主义运动的(不)可能性
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.001
Giorgia Scribellito
Abstract This article analyzes Lucy (1990) by Jamaica Kincaid in terms of the intercultural Bildungsroman basing on Mikhail Bakhtin’s characterization of the coming-of-age genre. Focusing on the relationship between the characters, it highlights the tension between contrasting feminist views. Seeking to emphasize how an intercultural vision contributes innovative perspectives on society, this paper argues that the eponymous protagonist of the novel has to find a way to reconcile the American culture with her Antiguan culture in her own feminist and postcolonial terms -an intercultural perspective. On the one hand, the relationship between Lucy and Mariah—her employer—reflects a tension between second-wave and third-wave feminism, which, the heroine eventually reconciles opening up the path for a unified vision of the feminist movement. Lucy’s postcolonial vision, in particular, is similar to that articulated by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. On the other hand, the strain between Lucy and her mother is related to the heroine’s endorsement of second-wave feminist views as articulated by Betty Friedan and other feminist theorists of the 1960s and 1970s. In general, this novel develops an important vision for the global feminist movement.
摘要本文以巴赫金对成长类型的描述为基础,从跨文化成长小说的角度来分析牙买加·金凯德的《露西》(1990)。它注重人物之间的关系,突出了截然不同的女权主义观点之间的紧张关系。为了强调跨文化视角如何有助于对社会的创新,本文认为小说的同名主人公必须找到一种方法,以她自己的女权主义和后殖民主义的方式调和美国文化与她的安提瓜文化-一种跨文化视角。一方面,露西和她的雇主玛丽亚之间的关系反映了第二波和第三波女权主义之间的紧张关系,女主角最终调和了这两种紧张关系,为女权运动的统一愿景开辟了道路。露西的后殖民愿景,尤其与加亚特里·查克拉沃蒂·斯皮瓦克所阐述的相似。另一方面,露西和她母亲之间的紧张关系与女主角对贝蒂·弗里丹和其他20世纪60年代和70年代女权主义理论家所阐述的第二波女权主义观点的支持有关。总的来说,这部小说为全球女权运动发展了一个重要的愿景。
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引用次数: 0
Folktales about The Tatras in children’s literature 儿童文学中关于塔特拉的民间故事
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.003
Jana Dzuriaková
Abstract In my contribution I will discuss the folktales about the Tatras and their reference in children’s literature. I will focus mainly on the stories that appear in the textbook of Slovak literature for the 5th year of elementary schools. Specifically, the tale of Tatranská Kikimora, but also others are discussed. Through this and other individual stories, pupils can learn and get to know more about the environment in which they live.
在本文中,我将讨论有关塔特拉的民间故事及其在儿童文学中的借鉴意义。我将主要关注小学五年级斯洛伐克文学教材中的故事。具体来说,是tatranskkikimora的故事,但也有其他的讨论。通过这个故事和其他个人故事,学生们可以学习和了解更多关于他们生活的环境。
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引用次数: 0
Silence, a Yell from Self towards Nothingness in Neshani Andreas’ The purple violet of Oshaantu and Chimamanda Adichie’s Purple hibiscus 在Neshani Andreas的《Oshaantu的紫色紫罗兰》和Chimamanda Adichie的《紫色木槿》中,沉默是自我对虚无的呐喊
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.005
Nkiru Doris Onyemachi
Abstract Beyond voice lies a sound laden with dread. Dread, as Heidegger points out, is encountered in a feeling of nothingness. But nothingness is not an automatic existent; it is built up through actions that gradually breed detachment of self from a whole. This paper explores the journey of self towards nothingness in Andreas’ The purple violet of Oshaantu and Adichie’s Purple hibiscus. This journey is undertaken by the characters, Kauna and Mama, as they communicate with their spirits—silence. The silence of these characters is so shrieking that its echo is strongly heard in the lives of those around them. But are these characters able to liberate themselves after identifying selves or did they drench further into the helpless state they were before discovering selves? This is one question this paper answers as it traces these characters’ journeys towards self-identification through nothingness.
声音之外有一种充满恐惧的声音。正如海德格尔所指出的,恐惧是在一种虚无的感觉中遇到的。但虚无不是自动存在的;它是通过逐渐培养自我与整体分离的行为建立起来的。本文探讨了Andreas的《Oshaantu的紫色紫罗兰》和Adichie的《紫色木槿》中自我走向虚无的旅程。这段旅程是由角色考娜和妈妈进行的,她们与自己的灵魂——沉默——进行交流。这些角色的沉默是如此尖锐,以至于在他们周围的人的生活中都能强烈地听到它的回声。但是,这些人物在认识自我之后是能够解放自我呢,还是进一步陷入了发现自我之前的无助状态呢?这是本文在追踪这些角色通过虚无走向自我认同的旅程时所回答的一个问题。
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引用次数: 0
The construction of tenor, identities and power relations in online discourses on indigenous people of Biafra (Ipob) 比夫拉(Ipob)原住民线上话语中男声、身份与权力关系的建构
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.006
Ikenna Kamalu, Orowo Precious Atoma
Abstract Previous studies on ethnic, religious and political expressions and activities in Nigeria have examined issues such as religious and political intolerance between and among groups. In particular, the activities of pro-Biafra groups such as that of the Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), Biafra Zionist Movement (BZM), Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) and Biafra Independent Movement (BIM) among others in real life and in online forums have also been studied by scholars from different ideological and theoretical standpoints. However, none of these studies examined the deliberate expression of ethnic, religious and political identities and otherness in the discourses that emanate from the arrest, detention and trial of Nnamdi Kanu, the separatist founder of IPOB, by the government of Nigeria. This study aims at unearthing the deep sense of exclusion that underlies the reactions that trail his arrest and trial in online platforms. A total of twenty online comments were purposively selected and analysed within the tenets of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in order to unearth the ethnic, religious and political ideologies that underlie them. This study gives an insight into how individual and group ideologies in online discourses can threaten the autonomous face wants of others and also that of the corporate existence of the nation. The theoretical orientation adopted for the study leads to the understanding that ethnic, political and religious sentiments underlie the use of language in crisis/conflict situations in the Nigerian context. This study significantly espouses the notion that there is the need for equity, social justice and mutual trust between groups in Nigeria.
先前关于尼日利亚种族、宗教和政治表达和活动的研究审查了群体之间和群体之间的宗教和政治不容忍等问题。特别是支持比夫拉的团体的活动,如实现比夫拉主权国家运动(MASSOB)、比夫拉犹太复国主义运动(BZM)、比夫拉土著人民(IPOB)和比夫拉独立运动(BIM)等,在现实生活和在线论坛上也被学者从不同的意识形态和理论立场进行研究。然而,这些研究都没有审查尼日利亚政府逮捕、拘留和审判IPOB的分离主义创始人Nnamdi Kanu所产生的话语中有意表达的种族、宗教和政治身份和差异性。这项研究旨在揭示在他被捕和审判之后,网络平台上的反应背后的深刻的排斥感。在批评性话语分析(CDA)的原则下,有目的地选择和分析了总共20条在线评论,以揭示其背后的种族,宗教和政治意识形态。这项研究揭示了网络话语中的个人和群体意识形态如何威胁到他人的自主面孔需求,以及国家的整体存在。该研究采用的理论导向导致了这样一种理解,即在尼日利亚的危机/冲突局势中,种族、政治和宗教情绪是语言使用的基础。这项研究极大地支持了尼日利亚各群体之间需要平等、社会正义和相互信任的观念。
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引用次数: 2
ErzieherIn. Preschool teaching staff in German gender equality policy ErzieherIn。德国学前教师性别平等政策
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.002
Inetta Nowosad, Katarzyna Tomasik-Abdelsamie
Abstract The aim of the article was to analyse the policy of gender equality in Germany, here centered around the specifics of the function of (fe)male preschool teachers, which at its source was a profession directed exclusively at women, and as a result is now feminised. These circumstances, unchanged for almost 200 years, have their roots in disregard towards this professional group in the political discourse, apparent in it being treated as “invisible”. Current governmental policies aim at supporting the employment of men at the preschool educational level. The article analyses the federal government’s gender policy through the prism of centrally supported model projects implemented in Germany since 2010, taking into account the broad context of preconditions. General issues present in social debates (such as gender) have been linked in this article to the specifics of a particular professional group of ErzieherIn, such as the rise of the rank of early care and education combined with serious staff shortages hindering the implementation of political guidelines. As a result, these two groups of conditions intertwine, forming a very interesting image, in which tradition gives way to contemporary social expectations.
摘要本文的目的是分析德国的性别平等政策,这里以男性幼儿园教师的具体功能为中心,这在源头上是一个专门针对女性的职业,结果现在是女性化的。这种情况在近200年里没有改变,其根源在于政治话语中对这一专业群体的漠视,明显表现在它被视为“隐形”。目前的政府政策旨在支持男子在学前教育阶段就业。本文通过2010年以来在德国实施的中央支持的示范项目来分析联邦政府的性别政策,同时考虑到先决条件的广泛背景。本文将社会辩论中出现的一般问题(如性别)与ErzieherIn的一个特定专业群体的具体情况联系起来,例如早期护理和教育级别的上升,以及阻碍政治指导方针执行的严重工作人员短缺。因此,这两组条件交织在一起,形成了一个非常有趣的形象,传统让位于当代社会的期望。
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引用次数: 0
The role of men in promoting breastfeeding in Nigeria 尼日利亚男性在促进母乳喂养方面的作用
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.004
C. Muoghalu, F. A. Eboiyehi
Abstract Globally, breast milk has been recognized as the best nutrient for newborns and infants. It is also known to be very nutritious in providing all the necessary elements needed for infants’ health during the first six months of their lives and thereafter, essentially for their growth and survival. Recently, the high morbidity and mortality rates of babies and infants in Nigeria have re-awakened this interest of scholars; health practitioners as well as the general public who started the agitation for exclusive breastfeeding for babies at least for six months. While mothers play their part in providing breast milk to their babies, the role of men (fathers) role as one of the strongest influences on the success of breastfeeding among mothers has been overlooked. In Nigeria, it is still believed that breastfeeding is an exclusive responsibility of the nursing mothers alone. It has been found that father’s support has a strong influence on a mother’s decision to initiate and continue breast feeding in the developed countries. Though mothers recognize fathers as a primary source of support for the continuance of breast feeding in Nigeria; little is known about the nature of this support. This is because fathers are poorly informed and educated about the role they should play in successful breastfeeding of their children. There is need therefore; to document the extent their role can affect successful breastfeeding in their women in Nigeria. This paper describes the role men (fathers) should play in promoting successful breastfeeding in Nigeria. It suggests that men (fathers) should support their wives by providing assistance during pregnancy and after the baby is born. It also proposes that men (fathers) should encourage their pregnant wives to feed well, help in carrying babies while the mother is resting, look after the older children as well as providing assistance in domestic chores. The paper concludes that playing such supportive roles will go a long way in making breast-feeding campaign successful.
在全球范围内,母乳已被公认为新生儿和婴儿的最佳营养。众所周知,它还非常有营养,可以提供婴儿在生命的头六个月及其后的健康所需的所有必要元素,主要是为了他们的成长和生存。最近,尼日利亚婴儿和婴儿的高发病率和死亡率重新唤起了学者们的这一兴趣;卫生从业人员以及开始呼吁至少六个月纯母乳喂养婴儿的公众。虽然母亲在为婴儿提供母乳方面发挥了自己的作用,但男性(父亲)的作用是对母亲母乳喂养的成功影响最大的因素之一,这一点却被忽视了。在尼日利亚,人们仍然认为母乳喂养是哺乳母亲的专属责任。研究发现,在发达国家,父亲的支持对母亲开始和继续母乳喂养的决定有很大的影响。虽然母亲承认父亲是支持尼日利亚继续母乳喂养的主要来源;人们对这种支持的性质知之甚少。这是因为父亲对他们在成功母乳喂养孩子方面应该发挥的作用知之甚少。因此有需要;记录他们的作用对尼日利亚妇女成功母乳喂养的影响程度。本文描述了男性(父亲)在促进尼日利亚成功母乳喂养方面应发挥的作用。它建议男人(父亲)应该在怀孕期间和孩子出生后提供帮助来支持他们的妻子。它还建议男人(父亲)应该鼓励怀孕的妻子好好喂养,在母亲休息时帮助抱孩子,照顾大一点的孩子,并在家务上提供帮助。论文的结论是,发挥这样的支持作用将对母乳喂养运动的成功大有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Rescuing the woman from the Achebean Periphery: The discourse of gender and power in Chinua Achebe’s Things fall apart and Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s The last of the strong ones 从阿契宾边缘拯救女性:奇努阿·阿契贝的《分崩离析》和阿契奇·阿迪莫拉-埃泽格博的《最后的强者》中关于性别和权力的话语
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.12.008
Kalu Wosu, J. Nnamdi
Abstract A great majority of African cultures are patriarchal, which is to say that the male members of such societies are responsible for the perpetuation of family/blood lines. Cultural practices such as succession rites, female genital mutilation, hereditary, widowhood rites, polygamy, kinship, etc., aggregate to marginalize African women, thus conferring absolute power on men. The perpetuation of the ruses of patriarchy is also enabled through writing. Since literature is ideologically determined, it is created by/through discourse; writing becomes an avenue through which male writers sustain the status quo. One author whose works have sustained patriarchal values among the Igbo is Chinua Achebe. In Things fall apart (1958), Achebe presents a coherent Igbo society whose internal dynamics revolve around an established hierarchical social structure which excludes the woman from the phallic games of power. Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s The Last of the Strong Ones (1996) subverts the patriarchal structures which undermine Igbo women. This paper discusses the cultural constructs which confer ultimate power on the men in Achebe’s Umuofia. Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s response to Achebe’s male chauvinism is realized through a counter discourse which seeks to reconstruct the battered image of the Igbo woman. Female Self-determination, re-appropriation of the female body, and breaking of silences are all discursive strategies adopted by Adimora-Ezeigbo in her attempt to rescue the woman from the Achebean margins. Textual analysis informs the methodology of this work, while relying on deconstruction and discourse analysis as theoretical frameworks.
绝大多数非洲文化都是父权制的,也就是说,这些社会中的男性成员负责家族/血统的延续。诸如继承仪式、切割女性生殖器官、世袭仪式、丧偶仪式、一夫多妻制、亲属关系等文化习俗加在一起使非洲妇女边缘化,从而使男子拥有绝对权力。父权制的诡计也通过写作得以延续。由于文学是由意识形态决定的,它是由话语创造的;写作成为男性作家维持现状的一种途径。奇努阿·阿奇贝(Chinua Achebe)的作品在伊博人中延续了父权价值观。在《分崩离析》(1958)一书中,阿奇贝呈现了一个连贯的伊博社会,其内部动态围绕着一个既定的等级社会结构,将女性排除在生殖器权力游戏之外。Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo的《最后的强者》(1996)颠覆了削弱伊博女性的父权结构。本文探讨了赋予阿契贝的《乌莫菲亚》中男性最终权力的文化建构。Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo对Achebe的大男子主义的回应是通过一种反话语来实现的,这种话语试图重建伊博女性的受虐形象。女性自决、女性身体的再占有、打破沉默都是阿迪莫拉-艾泽格博试图将女性从阿奇宾边缘拯救出来的话语策略。本文以解构主义和话语分析为理论框架,以文本分析为方法论。
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引用次数: 1
Aliens No More? Addressing Feminist Critiques to Human Rights with Regard to Sexual Violence in the West 不再有外星人?从西方性暴力看女权主义对人权的批判
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.11.001
V. Luthra
Abstract This paper will examine why the feminist critique to human rights is still relevant even in so-called ‘progressive’ Western societies today, with specific attention to sexual violence. The first part of this essay will explore the feminist critique concerning the public/private sphere, paying attention to its historical emergence, and effect on the progression of women’s rights in the area of sexual violence. This will be followed by a discussion of what has formally been done to address the issue, and a general discussion on shortcomings that exist today, with particular attention to the Larry Nassar case in the United States.
本文将探讨为什么女权主义对人权的批判即使在今天所谓的“进步”西方社会仍然相关,特别是对性暴力的关注。本文的第一部分将探讨关于公共/私人领域的女权主义批评,关注其历史出现,以及在性暴力领域对妇女权利进步的影响。随后将讨论为解决这一问题所采取的正式措施,并就目前存在的不足进行一般性讨论,特别关注美国的拉里·纳萨尔(Larry Nassar)案。
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引用次数: 0
Body as Capital: Construing Experiential Knowledge of Prostitution and Sex Slavery in Some Postcolonial African Literature 身体作为资本:后殖民时期非洲文学中对卖淫和性奴役的体验性认识的建构
Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.14746/jgp.2019.11.007
Ikenna Kamalu
Abstract Previous studies on prostitution and sex slavery in African literature have focused chiefly on the thematic concerns of the novels such as the moral dimensions of the act but none of the studies has explored the role of language as a form of representation that enables the reader to infer the psychological conditions and attitudes of discourse participants either as victims of prostitution and sex slavery or as active agents in the sustenance of the act. Working within the systemic linguistic orientation and insights from the notion of phenomenalistic construal, therefore, this study explores the linguistic representation of the inner feelings and attitudes of victims of sex slavery and prostitution in Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon, Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Trafficked, and Ifeanyi Ajaegbo’s Sarah House. The texts under study represent sex slavery and prostitution as forms of physical and mental violence against the victims of the acts and a gross violation of their humanness.
以往对非洲文学中卖淫和性奴役的研究主要集中在小说的主题问题上,如行为的道德层面,但没有一项研究探讨语言作为一种表现形式的作用,这种表现形式使读者能够推断话语参与者的心理状况和态度,这些话语参与者要么是卖淫和性奴役的受害者,要么是维持行为的积极行动者。因此,本研究在系统的语言取向和现象主义解释的见解下,探讨了Amma Darko的《超越地平线》、Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo的《被贩运》和Ifeanyi Ajaegbo的《萨拉之家》中性奴役和卖淫受害者的内心情感和态度的语言表征。所研究的案文将性奴役和卖淫视为对这些行为受害者的身心暴力形式,是对其人性的严重侵犯。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Gender and Power
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