Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202968
V. F. Klimkin
A pulsed electrical breakdown in n-hexane under quasi-uniform field with E approximately 0.9-2.1 MV/cm has been studied using high-speed laser schlieren recording, statistical analysis, and the effect of external pressure. Three mechanisms of this breakdown differing in their structures are shown to exist. One corresponds to the electric discharge from a cathode and the two others are due to that from an anode. The pressure effect on the breakdown mechanism is radically different. The analysis of experimental data shows that the occurrence of a certain critical time period and a certain critical interelectrode distance is due to the transition from the cathode breakdown mechanism (bubble mechanism) to the anode discharge involving elements of both bubble and ionization breakdown mechanisms. In the nanosecond range at increased pressures, the ionization mechanism of anode breakdown predominates.<>
{"title":"A pulsed electrical breakdown in n-hexane under uniform field","authors":"V. F. Klimkin","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202968","url":null,"abstract":"A pulsed electrical breakdown in n-hexane under quasi-uniform field with E approximately 0.9-2.1 MV/cm has been studied using high-speed laser schlieren recording, statistical analysis, and the effect of external pressure. Three mechanisms of this breakdown differing in their structures are shown to exist. One corresponds to the electric discharge from a cathode and the two others are due to that from an anode. The pressure effect on the breakdown mechanism is radically different. The analysis of experimental data shows that the occurrence of a certain critical time period and a certain critical interelectrode distance is due to the transition from the cathode breakdown mechanism (bubble mechanism) to the anode discharge involving elements of both bubble and ionization breakdown mechanisms. In the nanosecond range at increased pressures, the ionization mechanism of anode breakdown predominates.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131917322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202914
J. Bryan, J. Seyed-Yagoobi
An ion-drag pump in a vertical axisymmetric configuration was built. The electrodes were designed from the fluid mechanics standpoint. Different dielectric fluids were compared to establish which produced the best pumping performance. Experimental results showed that pumping performance depended on fluid properties, primarily fluid viscosity and electrical conductivity.<>
{"title":"Ion-drag electrohydrodynamic pumping-selecting an optimum working fluid","authors":"J. Bryan, J. Seyed-Yagoobi","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202914","url":null,"abstract":"An ion-drag pump in a vertical axisymmetric configuration was built. The electrodes were designed from the fluid mechanics standpoint. Different dielectric fluids were compared to establish which produced the best pumping performance. Experimental results showed that pumping performance depended on fluid properties, primarily fluid viscosity and electrical conductivity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130740450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202870
R. Munoz, A. Ferrando, D. Drijard, E. Torrente-Lujan
Data on the free ion yield produced by gamma -radiolysis of neopentane (NP), 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane (TMP), tetramethylsilane (TMS), tetramethylgermanium (TMG), and tetramethyltin (TMSn) are analyzed using Onsager theory. Four distributed functions describing the separation distance between electron-ion pairs at thermalization were considered: a delta function (DELTA), an exponential function (EXP), an exponential modified by a first power of r (R1EXP), and an exponential modified by a quadratic power of r (R2EXP). With a suitable choice of adjustable parameters, G( infinity ) and rho , where G( infinity ) is the number of electron-ion pairs initially produced per every 100 eV released in the sample and rho is the mean thermalization distance, all four distributions approximately describe the data. For NP, TMP, and TMG, the data are best described by R1EXP; for TMSn, R2EXP is best.<>
{"title":"On the application of Onsager theory to 'warm liquids' irradiated by gamma -rays","authors":"R. Munoz, A. Ferrando, D. Drijard, E. Torrente-Lujan","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202870","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the free ion yield produced by gamma -radiolysis of neopentane (NP), 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane (TMP), tetramethylsilane (TMS), tetramethylgermanium (TMG), and tetramethyltin (TMSn) are analyzed using Onsager theory. Four distributed functions describing the separation distance between electron-ion pairs at thermalization were considered: a delta function (DELTA), an exponential function (EXP), an exponential modified by a first power of r (R1EXP), and an exponential modified by a quadratic power of r (R2EXP). With a suitable choice of adjustable parameters, G( infinity ) and rho , where G( infinity ) is the number of electron-ion pairs initially produced per every 100 eV released in the sample and rho is the mean thermalization distance, all four distributions approximately describe the data. For NP, TMP, and TMG, the data are best described by R1EXP; for TMSn, R2EXP is best.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202939
Y. Nakao, H. Itoh, Y. Sakai, H. Tagashira
The propagation of a creepage discharge on the surface of a solid insulator in transformer oil is investigated in the case when an impulse voltage with various values of duration is applied to a point-to-back electrode. The propagation process was observed in detail by using an ultra-high-speed photographic method combined with a schlieren optical system and a dust figure method. The discharge current and the amount of charge stored on the solid insulator were measured simultaneously. The shape and size of the schlieren figure agree well with those of the dust figure. The propagation of density changes caused by a streamer discharge corresponds to the current and charge waveform.<>
{"title":"Studies of impulse creepage discharge in transformer oil","authors":"Y. Nakao, H. Itoh, Y. Sakai, H. Tagashira","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202939","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of a creepage discharge on the surface of a solid insulator in transformer oil is investigated in the case when an impulse voltage with various values of duration is applied to a point-to-back electrode. The propagation process was observed in detail by using an ultra-high-speed photographic method combined with a schlieren optical system and a dust figure method. The discharge current and the amount of charge stored on the solid insulator were measured simultaneously. The shape and size of the schlieren figure agree well with those of the dust figure. The propagation of density changes caused by a streamer discharge corresponds to the current and charge waveform.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130926009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202913
A. Castellanos, N. Agrait
The linear instability of annular Poiseuille flow subjected to an orthogonal unipolar injection with an imposed radial electric field is examined. For low values of Reynolds number the mode of instability is purely electrodynamical. In this region the only effect of the forced flow is the suppression of transverse wavenumber components for the disturbances. In the high Reynolds number region the inertial mode of instability dominates the perturbation dynamics, the electric mechanism being added almost algebraically, thus lowering the critical Reynolds number.<>
{"title":"Hydrodynamic instabilities in annular flows subjected to orthogonal unipolar injection","authors":"A. Castellanos, N. Agrait","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202913","url":null,"abstract":"The linear instability of annular Poiseuille flow subjected to an orthogonal unipolar injection with an imposed radial electric field is examined. For low values of Reynolds number the mode of instability is purely electrodynamical. In this region the only effect of the forced flow is the suppression of transverse wavenumber components for the disturbances. In the high Reynolds number region the inertial mode of instability dominates the perturbation dynamics, the electric mechanism being added almost algebraically, thus lowering the critical Reynolds number.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133629367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202866
A. Borghesani
The thermionic emission of electrons through the liquid-vapor interface of Ar at the normal boiling point was measured. The measurements were undertaken to test whether a model of thermal diffusion over the barrier or the Schottky model of electric-field enhancement of the thermionic emission could apply. The results are in good agreement with an electric-field-enhanced Schottky model.<>
{"title":"Transmission of electrons through the liquid-vapor interface of argon","authors":"A. Borghesani","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202866","url":null,"abstract":"The thermionic emission of electrons through the liquid-vapor interface of Ar at the normal boiling point was measured. The measurements were undertaken to test whether a model of thermal diffusion over the barrier or the Schottky model of electric-field enhancement of the thermionic emission could apply. The results are in good agreement with an electric-field-enhanced Schottky model.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"247 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114050149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202919
R. Kattan, A. Denat, N. Bonifaci
The electrical conduction of purified nonpolar liquids with point-plane electrode geometry was studied as a function of various parameters. For negative polarity of the point, a pulse regime has been observed which bears a great similarity to the TRICHEL pulses occurring in air, with the exception of a lack of pressure dependence. At atmospheric pressure, bubble formation was correlated with current pulse. The generation and dynamics of the bubble are studied as a function of various parameters: injected energy, hydrostatic pressure (up to 12 MPa), and the nature of the liquid (cyclohexane, n-pentane, n-decane, iso-octane, and tetramethylsilane).<>
{"title":"Formation of vapor bubbles in nonpolar liquids initiated by current pulses","authors":"R. Kattan, A. Denat, N. Bonifaci","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202919","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical conduction of purified nonpolar liquids with point-plane electrode geometry was studied as a function of various parameters. For negative polarity of the point, a pulse regime has been observed which bears a great similarity to the TRICHEL pulses occurring in air, with the exception of a lack of pressure dependence. At atmospheric pressure, bubble formation was correlated with current pulse. The generation and dynamics of the bubble are studied as a function of various parameters: injected energy, hydrostatic pressure (up to 12 MPa), and the nature of the liquid (cyclohexane, n-pentane, n-decane, iso-octane, and tetramethylsilane).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114992890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202936
Y. Torshin
Experimental results are presented on the possible existence of the leader process (LP) in mineral oil. The existence of a leader-like formation is shown to be related to field flattening.<>
给出了矿物油中可能存在先导过程(LP)的实验结果。引导者状地层的存在与地层变平有关。
{"title":"To existence of the leader discharge in mineral oil","authors":"Y. Torshin","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202936","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results are presented on the possible existence of the leader process (LP) in mineral oil. The existence of a leader-like formation is shown to be related to field flattening.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115002619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202942
J. Sproston, R. Stanway, X.M. Wu
The authors present the results of a series of tests aimed at the assessment of ER (electrorheological) fluids in a continuously variable torque transmission device under both DC and AC excitation. Some of the problems which need further study are outlined. In particular, tests conducted on the torque transmission device indicate that the performance is limited by the shear strength of the particular ER fluid used. This shear strength, used here under dynamic conditions, is of course less than that which would be obtained under the more usual (fluid test) static conditions when the strain rate is extremely small. One of the problems being addressed by the authors is concerned not only with the maximum torque capability (since there are numerous industrial applications when 8 nm would be acceptable) but more with the minimum torque transmitted through such a device when the applied field is zero.<>
{"title":"The electrorheological effects and its application to torque transmission","authors":"J. Sproston, R. Stanway, X.M. Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202942","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the results of a series of tests aimed at the assessment of ER (electrorheological) fluids in a continuously variable torque transmission device under both DC and AC excitation. Some of the problems which need further study are outlined. In particular, tests conducted on the torque transmission device indicate that the performance is limited by the shear strength of the particular ER fluid used. This shear strength, used here under dynamic conditions, is of course less than that which would be obtained under the more usual (fluid test) static conditions when the strain rate is extremely small. One of the problems being addressed by the authors is concerned not only with the maximum torque capability (since there are numerous industrial applications when 8 nm would be acceptable) but more with the minimum torque transmitted through such a device when the applied field is zero.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115037741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202946
S. El-Khodary, A. Nosseir
Experimental results on the electrical pressures generated in liquid dielectrics under high direct voltages are presented. Nonuniform fields (cone-plane) were used in the experiments. A controlled air bubble was injected through a hole at the apex of the conical electrode via a bubble injection system. The internal pressure inside the bubble was measured under various test conditions. Experiments were carried out on silicone oil, transformer oil, and n-hexane. Results show that negative polarity gives higher electrical pressure than positive polarity. The p*d characteristics of the bubbles were determined as a function of the applied voltage. The ionization level of the bubbles, where the bubble changes from the nonconducting to the conducting state, was determined from the results obtained. The results show that time is needed for the electrical pressures to build up inside the liquid.<>
{"title":"Measurement of induced electrical pressure in insulating liquids under high electrical fields","authors":"S. El-Khodary, A. Nosseir","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202946","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results on the electrical pressures generated in liquid dielectrics under high direct voltages are presented. Nonuniform fields (cone-plane) were used in the experiments. A controlled air bubble was injected through a hole at the apex of the conical electrode via a bubble injection system. The internal pressure inside the bubble was measured under various test conditions. Experiments were carried out on silicone oil, transformer oil, and n-hexane. Results show that negative polarity gives higher electrical pressure than positive polarity. The p*d characteristics of the bubbles were determined as a function of the applied voltage. The ionization level of the bubbles, where the bubble changes from the nonconducting to the conducting state, was determined from the results obtained. The results show that time is needed for the electrical pressures to build up inside the liquid.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131870463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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