Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202893
M. Lee, J. K. Nelson
Physical models which are representative of the materials, construction, and dimensions of power transformer duct structures have been fabricated for both core- and shell-form designs. Electrification characteristics have been documented as a function of the parameters of practical interest and the results obtained have the general character of those found in earlier studies. However, partial discharges have only been detected under worst-case conditions for the blocking structure associated with the shell-form configurations which generate more charge than the corresponding conditions in the core-form construction. The studies have quantified electrification in realistic models characteristic of actual transformers and could be used as a guide to provide estimates of charge levels in energized transformer structures.<>
{"title":"Flow-induced electrification and partial discharge measurements in energized transformer duct structures","authors":"M. Lee, J. K. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202893","url":null,"abstract":"Physical models which are representative of the materials, construction, and dimensions of power transformer duct structures have been fabricated for both core- and shell-form designs. Electrification characteristics have been documented as a function of the parameters of practical interest and the results obtained have the general character of those found in earlier studies. However, partial discharges have only been detected under worst-case conditions for the blocking structure associated with the shell-form configurations which generate more charge than the corresponding conditions in the core-form construction. The studies have quantified electrification in realistic models characteristic of actual transformers and could be used as a guide to provide estimates of charge levels in energized transformer structures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121712038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202956
H. Borsi
The electric and dielectric behavior of ester fluid considered as a substitute for PCB is examined. After a short description of the insulating fluid, the authors consider the influence of temperature differences and aging condition of the insulation on the breakdown behavior of the fluid-paper combined dielectric. Furthermore, a comparison of the breakdown and aging behavior of cellulose-ester impregnated and aramid-ester impregnated insulating materials is given. Finally, the influence of partial discharge prestressing on the breakdown behavior of the fluid-paper combined dielectric is shown.<>
{"title":"Ester fluid Midel 7131 as PCB-substitute for distribution transformers","authors":"H. Borsi","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202956","url":null,"abstract":"The electric and dielectric behavior of ester fluid considered as a substitute for PCB is examined. After a short description of the insulating fluid, the authors consider the influence of temperature differences and aging condition of the insulation on the breakdown behavior of the fluid-paper combined dielectric. Furthermore, a comparison of the breakdown and aging behavior of cellulose-ester impregnated and aramid-ester impregnated insulating materials is given. Finally, the influence of partial discharge prestressing on the breakdown behavior of the fluid-paper combined dielectric is shown.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123765887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202960
H. Borsi, U. Schroder
The authors report on investigations performed to determine the relationship between PD parameters and the dissolved gas generated by partial discharges in mineral-based oil. The PD activity of mineral-based oil is shown to depend upon many parameters, including the influence of the standing time between the filling of the test vessel and the switching of the test voltage as well as the voltage's magnitude on the PD activity. Regarding the gassing behavior, several hydrocarbons show a linear (increasing) dependence upon the integral PD parameters. By contrast the amount of oxygen decreases with increasing PD loading. Calculation of gas ratios indicates that the relation between hydrogen and methane is a sensitive indicator of PD activity in mineral-based oil.<>
{"title":"The correlation between partial discharges (PD) and gassing in insulating liquids","authors":"H. Borsi, U. Schroder","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202960","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on investigations performed to determine the relationship between PD parameters and the dissolved gas generated by partial discharges in mineral-based oil. The PD activity of mineral-based oil is shown to depend upon many parameters, including the influence of the standing time between the filling of the test vessel and the switching of the test voltage as well as the voltage's magnitude on the PD activity. Regarding the gassing behavior, several hydrocarbons show a linear (increasing) dependence upon the integral PD parameters. By contrast the amount of oxygen decreases with increasing PD loading. Calculation of gas ratios indicates that the relation between hydrogen and methane is a sensitive indicator of PD activity in mineral-based oil.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125634886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202910
M. Bologa, I.A. Kozhukhar, A. Malakhov, I. Kozhevnikov
Theoretical and experimental results on single-stage and multistage electrohydrodynamic pumps are discussed. Investigations of their head-delivery characteristics, efficiency, and service life depending on the geometric parameters of the pump, field, and working liquid parameters are examined.<>
{"title":"Electrodynamic transport of liquid","authors":"M. Bologa, I.A. Kozhukhar, A. Malakhov, I. Kozhevnikov","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202910","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and experimental results on single-stage and multistage electrohydrodynamic pumps are discussed. Investigations of their head-delivery characteristics, efficiency, and service life depending on the geometric parameters of the pump, field, and working liquid parameters are examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121758066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202972
I. M. Gavrilov, V. R. Kukhta, V. Lopatin
Prebreakdown events in a nonuniform field in water were studied experimentally. Branching dendrites propagating with subsonic velocities and thin supersonic plasma channels were observed to form. It was found that, in deionized water, heating has no effect on the initiation and development of discharge channels. It is further shown that the EHD (electrohydrodynamic) events for discharge times of 10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -3/ affect the development of slow dendrites without changing the discharge dynamics.<>
{"title":"The effect of heating and EHD events on breakdown in water","authors":"I. M. Gavrilov, V. R. Kukhta, V. Lopatin","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202972","url":null,"abstract":"Prebreakdown events in a nonuniform field in water were studied experimentally. Branching dendrites propagating with subsonic velocities and thin supersonic plasma channels were observed to form. It was found that, in deionized water, heating has no effect on the initiation and development of discharge channels. It is further shown that the EHD (electrohydrodynamic) events for discharge times of 10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -3/ affect the development of slow dendrites without changing the discharge dynamics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134080772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202945
J. Muller, J. Abendroth, K. Barner
The stability of suspensions of ferroelectric (BaTiO/sub 3/) nm-particles, using heptane as carrier liquid and oleic acid as stabilizer, is investigated by means of electrooptic Kerr rotation and optical transmittance. On suspension up to 0.006 solid volume fraction, with permanent dipole moments existing at 5 nm>
{"title":"Stability of suspensions of ferroelectric BaTiO/sub 3/ particles in hydrocarbon carrier liquids","authors":"J. Muller, J. Abendroth, K. Barner","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202945","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of suspensions of ferroelectric (BaTiO/sub 3/) nm-particles, using heptane as carrier liquid and oleic acid as stabilizer, is investigated by means of electrooptic Kerr rotation and optical transmittance. On suspension up to 0.006 solid volume fraction, with permanent dipole moments existing at 5 nm<r<20 nm (14 mC/cm/sup 2/ at 20 nm), 10-90% reversible changes in the transmittance were observed while the Kerr rotation was apparently unaffected. This can be explained by a field-induced reversible agglomeration of about 5% of the particles. Irreversible agglomeration is also observed for high solid volume fractions and low stabilizer content.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202912
M. Nakano, Y. Nonaka, T. Takada
An experimental investigation of the transient EHD (electrohydrodynamic) phenomena induced in transformer oil after reversal polarity of the electric field is reported. It is shown that the electrical behavior of the oil under the reversal polarity depends on the induced motions. The induced motion under the reverse polarity is explained in terms of bipolar injection from the charged layers accumulated in the vicinity of electrode surfaces. The motion has a turbulent character and occurs at low fields. The onset of motion produces an increase and a peak phenomenon of total current. Field distribution is affected by the electric double layer at electrode/oil interfaces.<>
{"title":"EHD motion induced by reversal of DC polarity in transformer oil","authors":"M. Nakano, Y. Nonaka, T. Takada","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202912","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation of the transient EHD (electrohydrodynamic) phenomena induced in transformer oil after reversal polarity of the electric field is reported. It is shown that the electrical behavior of the oil under the reversal polarity depends on the induced motions. The induced motion under the reverse polarity is explained in terms of bipolar injection from the charged layers accumulated in the vicinity of electrode surfaces. The motion has a turbulent character and occurs at low fields. The onset of motion produces an increase and a peak phenomenon of total current. Field distribution is affected by the electric double layer at electrode/oil interfaces.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134235847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202867
S. Nakamura, Y. Sakai, L. Xu, H. Tagashira
Mixtures of liquid nitrogen (LN2)/liquid methane (LCH4), LCH4/liquid argon (LAr), and LAr/LN2 with various mixing ratios were produced by cooling down the mixed gases directly in a measurement cell. The liquid temperature with a vapor pressure of 1 bar varied monotonically between the boiling point of every two liquids among LN2, LAr, and LCH4. The ratio of the photoelectric current in the liquids, J/sub L/, to the current in vacuum, J/sub V/, was between those in two component liquids in a wide range of the electric field, E. From J/sub L//J/sub V/ vs. E curves, the electron mobility in the liquid mixtures was estimated.<>
将液氮(LN2)/液态甲烷(LCH4)、LCH4/液态氩(LAr)、LAr/LN2等不同混合比例的混合气体在测量池中直接冷却，制备出不同混合比例的混合气体。当蒸汽压为1bar时，液体温度在LN2、LAr和LCH4中每两种液体的沸点之间单调变化。液体中的光电电流J/sub L/与真空中的光电电流J/sub V/之比介于两组分液体在宽电场E范围内的光电电流J/sub L//J/sub V/ vs. E曲线中，估计了液体混合物中的电子迁移率。
{"title":"Photo-electric current in cryogenic liquid mixtures","authors":"S. Nakamura, Y. Sakai, L. Xu, H. Tagashira","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202867","url":null,"abstract":"Mixtures of liquid nitrogen (LN2)/liquid methane (LCH4), LCH4/liquid argon (LAr), and LAr/LN2 with various mixing ratios were produced by cooling down the mixed gases directly in a measurement cell. The liquid temperature with a vapor pressure of 1 bar varied monotonically between the boiling point of every two liquids among LN2, LAr, and LCH4. The ratio of the photoelectric current in the liquids, J/sub L/, to the current in vacuum, J/sub V/, was between those in two component liquids in a wide range of the electric field, E. From J/sub L//J/sub V/ vs. E curves, the electron mobility in the liquid mixtures was estimated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131280242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202940
M. Danikas, P. Atten, A. Saker
A study of creepage discharges over a glass-transformer oil interface is presented. A needle immersed in the transformer oil is located just above a sheet of transparent insulating material, whose opposite surface is conducting. By applying a step of high voltage, U, a streamer is generated which propagates radially with numerous branches. The mean velocity of radial extension of the figure is constant and its final radius increases linearly with U. The results of measurements of total charge support the picture of an axisymmetric figure, with mean distribution of charge decreasing linearly with the radius. A similar study is performed on a single rectilinear streamer.<>
{"title":"Streamer propagation over a liquid-solid interface","authors":"M. Danikas, P. Atten, A. Saker","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202940","url":null,"abstract":"A study of creepage discharges over a glass-transformer oil interface is presented. A needle immersed in the transformer oil is located just above a sheet of transparent insulating material, whose opposite surface is conducting. By applying a step of high voltage, U, a streamer is generated which propagates radially with numerous branches. The mean velocity of radial extension of the figure is constant and its final radius increases linearly with U. The results of measurements of total charge support the picture of an axisymmetric figure, with mean distribution of charge decreasing linearly with the radius. A similar study is performed on a single rectilinear streamer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"31 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124073391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202954
Z. Yu
A new anti-ageing additive for improving the electrical properties and preventing the degradation of liquid dielectrics in power capacitors is introduced. When it is added in the right proportion, the partial discharge property of an all-film power capacitor impregnated by the liquid dielectric will be ameliorated and service life will be longer.<>
{"title":"A new additive for improving the electrical property of liquid dielectric in power capacitor","authors":"Z. Yu","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202954","url":null,"abstract":"A new anti-ageing additive for improving the electrical properties and preventing the degradation of liquid dielectrics in power capacitors is introduced. When it is added in the right proportion, the partial discharge property of an all-film power capacitor impregnated by the liquid dielectric will be ameliorated and service life will be longer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122413395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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