Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202902
H. Yilmaz, S. Erdinc
The behavior and strength of dielectrics used in electric circuits are investigated with the method of loss factor and Q-factor. The purpose is to calculate the tq delta loss factors of certain liquids. Two liquids of aliphatic structure and one of aromatic structure were dissolved in nonpolar benzene at different concentrations. The results of these measurements are discussed in view of both the structures of the materials and the mechanism involved in the association of their molecules. In addition, the experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations. The loss tangent was shown to increase linearly with molecule length. At 50% concentration, the loss tangent values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are approximately 8*10/sup -3/, 6.5*10/sup -3/, and 2.8*10/sup -3/ respectively. The Q-factor values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are 200, 228 and 505 respectively.<>
{"title":"Investigation of loss factors of some alcohols","authors":"H. Yilmaz, S. Erdinc","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202902","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior and strength of dielectrics used in electric circuits are investigated with the method of loss factor and Q-factor. The purpose is to calculate the tq delta loss factors of certain liquids. Two liquids of aliphatic structure and one of aromatic structure were dissolved in nonpolar benzene at different concentrations. The results of these measurements are discussed in view of both the structures of the materials and the mechanism involved in the association of their molecules. In addition, the experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations. The loss tangent was shown to increase linearly with molecule length. At 50% concentration, the loss tangent values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are approximately 8*10/sup -3/, 6.5*10/sup -3/, and 2.8*10/sup -3/ respectively. The Q-factor values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are 200, 228 and 505 respectively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202940
M. Danikas, P. Atten, A. Saker
A study of creepage discharges over a glass-transformer oil interface is presented. A needle immersed in the transformer oil is located just above a sheet of transparent insulating material, whose opposite surface is conducting. By applying a step of high voltage, U, a streamer is generated which propagates radially with numerous branches. The mean velocity of radial extension of the figure is constant and its final radius increases linearly with U. The results of measurements of total charge support the picture of an axisymmetric figure, with mean distribution of charge decreasing linearly with the radius. A similar study is performed on a single rectilinear streamer.<>
{"title":"Streamer propagation over a liquid-solid interface","authors":"M. Danikas, P. Atten, A. Saker","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202940","url":null,"abstract":"A study of creepage discharges over a glass-transformer oil interface is presented. A needle immersed in the transformer oil is located just above a sheet of transparent insulating material, whose opposite surface is conducting. By applying a step of high voltage, U, a streamer is generated which propagates radially with numerous branches. The mean velocity of radial extension of the figure is constant and its final radius increases linearly with U. The results of measurements of total charge support the picture of an axisymmetric figure, with mean distribution of charge decreasing linearly with the radius. A similar study is performed on a single rectilinear streamer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"31 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124073391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202867
S. Nakamura, Y. Sakai, L. Xu, H. Tagashira
Mixtures of liquid nitrogen (LN2)/liquid methane (LCH4), LCH4/liquid argon (LAr), and LAr/LN2 with various mixing ratios were produced by cooling down the mixed gases directly in a measurement cell. The liquid temperature with a vapor pressure of 1 bar varied monotonically between the boiling point of every two liquids among LN2, LAr, and LCH4. The ratio of the photoelectric current in the liquids, J/sub L/, to the current in vacuum, J/sub V/, was between those in two component liquids in a wide range of the electric field, E. From J/sub L//J/sub V/ vs. E curves, the electron mobility in the liquid mixtures was estimated.<>
将液氮(LN2)/液态甲烷(LCH4)、LCH4/液态氩(LAr)、LAr/LN2等不同混合比例的混合气体在测量池中直接冷却，制备出不同混合比例的混合气体。当蒸汽压为1bar时，液体温度在LN2、LAr和LCH4中每两种液体的沸点之间单调变化。液体中的光电电流J/sub L/与真空中的光电电流J/sub V/之比介于两组分液体在宽电场E范围内的光电电流J/sub L//J/sub V/ vs. E曲线中，估计了液体混合物中的电子迁移率。
{"title":"Photo-electric current in cryogenic liquid mixtures","authors":"S. Nakamura, Y. Sakai, L. Xu, H. Tagashira","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202867","url":null,"abstract":"Mixtures of liquid nitrogen (LN2)/liquid methane (LCH4), LCH4/liquid argon (LAr), and LAr/LN2 with various mixing ratios were produced by cooling down the mixed gases directly in a measurement cell. The liquid temperature with a vapor pressure of 1 bar varied monotonically between the boiling point of every two liquids among LN2, LAr, and LCH4. The ratio of the photoelectric current in the liquids, J/sub L/, to the current in vacuum, J/sub V/, was between those in two component liquids in a wide range of the electric field, E. From J/sub L//J/sub V/ vs. E curves, the electron mobility in the liquid mixtures was estimated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131280242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202912
M. Nakano, Y. Nonaka, T. Takada
An experimental investigation of the transient EHD (electrohydrodynamic) phenomena induced in transformer oil after reversal polarity of the electric field is reported. It is shown that the electrical behavior of the oil under the reversal polarity depends on the induced motions. The induced motion under the reverse polarity is explained in terms of bipolar injection from the charged layers accumulated in the vicinity of electrode surfaces. The motion has a turbulent character and occurs at low fields. The onset of motion produces an increase and a peak phenomenon of total current. Field distribution is affected by the electric double layer at electrode/oil interfaces.<>
{"title":"EHD motion induced by reversal of DC polarity in transformer oil","authors":"M. Nakano, Y. Nonaka, T. Takada","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202912","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation of the transient EHD (electrohydrodynamic) phenomena induced in transformer oil after reversal polarity of the electric field is reported. It is shown that the electrical behavior of the oil under the reversal polarity depends on the induced motions. The induced motion under the reverse polarity is explained in terms of bipolar injection from the charged layers accumulated in the vicinity of electrode surfaces. The motion has a turbulent character and occurs at low fields. The onset of motion produces an increase and a peak phenomenon of total current. Field distribution is affected by the electric double layer at electrode/oil interfaces.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134235847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202970
L.A. El-Zeftawy, S. El-Kholy, T. Eish
Breakdown voltage versus gap length characteristics were obtained for dehydrated transformer oil and oil containing emulsion droplets of water with fibrous impurities. In general, the breakdown voltage increases with increasing oil gap spacing between electrodes. The breakdown voltage values are higher when aluminum electrodes rather than stainless steel electrodes are used. The breakdown voltage for oil containing emulsion droplets of water by (0.2% by mass) was decreased by about 50% as compared with dehydrated oil. The breakdown voltage decreases with increasing temperature. When an insulating oil was subjected to an impulse electric field between aluminum and stainless steel electrodes, the dielectric loss increased with increasing electric field. The measured increase in the dielectric loss coincides with the visually detected onset of liquid motion.<>
{"title":"Impulse breakdown of transformer oil under uniform fields","authors":"L.A. El-Zeftawy, S. El-Kholy, T. Eish","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202970","url":null,"abstract":"Breakdown voltage versus gap length characteristics were obtained for dehydrated transformer oil and oil containing emulsion droplets of water with fibrous impurities. In general, the breakdown voltage increases with increasing oil gap spacing between electrodes. The breakdown voltage values are higher when aluminum electrodes rather than stainless steel electrodes are used. The breakdown voltage for oil containing emulsion droplets of water by (0.2% by mass) was decreased by about 50% as compared with dehydrated oil. The breakdown voltage decreases with increasing temperature. When an insulating oil was subjected to an impulse electric field between aluminum and stainless steel electrodes, the dielectric loss increased with increasing electric field. The measured increase in the dielectric loss coincides with the visually detected onset of liquid motion.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122469128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202903
G. Noyel, L. Jorat, J. Huck, O. Derriche
Results are presented which lead to the characterization of (alcohol)/sub x/(water)/sub 1-x/ mixtures between ambient and glass temperature over the whole molar fraction range. Suitable extrapolations to zero alcohol concentration allow one to calculate the dielectric relaxation time and the static permittivity of supercooled water below its homogeneous nucleation temperature. Use is made of a dielectric relaxation spectrometer operating from 1 MHz to 10 MHz in the temperature range -200, +100 degrees C and a total influence cell. The results obtained confirm that supercooled water dielectric parameters down to T/sub g/, are independent of alcohol.<>
{"title":"Dielectric study of (alcohol)/sub x/(water)/sub 1-x/ mixtures and valuation of static permittivity and relaxation time for supercooled water","authors":"G. Noyel, L. Jorat, J. Huck, O. Derriche","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202903","url":null,"abstract":"Results are presented which lead to the characterization of (alcohol)/sub x/(water)/sub 1-x/ mixtures between ambient and glass temperature over the whole molar fraction range. Suitable extrapolations to zero alcohol concentration allow one to calculate the dielectric relaxation time and the static permittivity of supercooled water below its homogeneous nucleation temperature. Use is made of a dielectric relaxation spectrometer operating from 1 MHz to 10 MHz in the temperature range -200, +100 degrees C and a total influence cell. The results obtained confirm that supercooled water dielectric parameters down to T/sub g/, are independent of alcohol.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202957
Wang Guokang, Wang Yougong, Liu Liqin, Chang Xianmin, He Xijing, Gao Yaoxian
The crystallinity of several dielectric liquids at low temperatures used as capacitor impregnants was investigated by means of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and some of the results obtained are compared with those obtained by the traditional glass-tube test. Compared to the glass-tube method, DSC has the advantage of fast measurement speed. Further research results on the partial discharges of model capacitors (all-time capacitors and paper/film capacitors) impregnated with the dielectric liquids tested show that the DSC method is practicable for measuring the properties of dielectric liquids at low temperature.<>
{"title":"Study on properties of dielectric liquids at low temperatures","authors":"Wang Guokang, Wang Yougong, Liu Liqin, Chang Xianmin, He Xijing, Gao Yaoxian","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202957","url":null,"abstract":"The crystallinity of several dielectric liquids at low temperatures used as capacitor impregnants was investigated by means of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and some of the results obtained are compared with those obtained by the traditional glass-tube test. Compared to the glass-tube method, DSC has the advantage of fast measurement speed. Further research results on the partial discharges of model capacitors (all-time capacitors and paper/film capacitors) impregnated with the dielectric liquids tested show that the DSC method is practicable for measuring the properties of dielectric liquids at low temperature.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202961
L. Qingquan, Zhu Yunjie, Sheng Shouguo
Experimental results are presented concerning the effects of impregnant type, immersion time, and temperature on the dielectric strength of polypropylene (PP) films. Two biaxially stretched PP films, one smoothed on both sides and one roughened on one side, were used with two synthetic oils (dimethylsilicone and phenyl xylene ethane) employed as impregnant. The infrared spectra of the smoothed PP films before and after immersion in silicone oil are shown. The effect of impregnation times and temperatures on the breakdown characteristics of the roughened PP films immersed in oils is shown to be complex.<>
{"title":"The influence of impregnants on the breakdown behavior of polypropylene films","authors":"L. Qingquan, Zhu Yunjie, Sheng Shouguo","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202961","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results are presented concerning the effects of impregnant type, immersion time, and temperature on the dielectric strength of polypropylene (PP) films. Two biaxially stretched PP films, one smoothed on both sides and one roughened on one side, were used with two synthetic oils (dimethylsilicone and phenyl xylene ethane) employed as impregnant. The infrared spectra of the smoothed PP films before and after immersion in silicone oil are shown. The effect of impregnation times and temperatures on the breakdown characteristics of the roughened PP films immersed in oils is shown to be complex.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126422187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202876
G. Bressi, M. Cambiaghi, G. Carugno, E. Conti, B. Dainese, G. Prete, N. Toniolo
A novel purification method applied to electronegative impurities in liquid argon has been developed. The electronic capture mechanism has been exploited, the electrons being generated by a strong gamma-ray source. High purity level and stability, comparable to those obtained with standard gaseous phase procedures, have been obtained. The electron lifetime obtained ( approximately 0.8 ms. corresponding to an approximately 1.5 m electron attenuation length at 1 kV/cm) allows one to work with a large chamber with long-term stability.<>
{"title":"Argon purification in liquid phase (electronic capture)","authors":"G. Bressi, M. Cambiaghi, G. Carugno, E. Conti, B. Dainese, G. Prete, N. Toniolo","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202876","url":null,"abstract":"A novel purification method applied to electronegative impurities in liquid argon has been developed. The electronic capture mechanism has been exploited, the electrons being generated by a strong gamma-ray source. High purity level and stability, comparable to those obtained with standard gaseous phase procedures, have been obtained. The electron lifetime obtained ( approximately 0.8 ms. corresponding to an approximately 1.5 m electron attenuation length at 1 kV/cm) allows one to work with a large chamber with long-term stability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"612 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123201457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202900
L. Jorat, G. Noyel, J. Huck
The author present results from an experimental study on binary polar-nonpolar mixtures (propylene carbonate-toluene) from ambient down to their glass transition temperatures. The values of static permittivity and dielectric relaxation time obtained made it possible to estimate the temperature dependence of dipole moment and the Kirkwood correlation factor of propylene carbonate as well as the molecular relation time of toluene (or methylbenzene).<>
{"title":"Dielectric spectra of propylene carbonate-toluene supercooled mixtures, and estimation of propylene carbonate dipolar moment at low temperature","authors":"L. Jorat, G. Noyel, J. Huck","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202900","url":null,"abstract":"The author present results from an experimental study on binary polar-nonpolar mixtures (propylene carbonate-toluene) from ambient down to their glass transition temperatures. The values of static permittivity and dielectric relaxation time obtained made it possible to estimate the temperature dependence of dipole moment and the Kirkwood correlation factor of propylene carbonate as well as the molecular relation time of toluene (or methylbenzene).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131506453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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