Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202902
H. Yilmaz, S. Erdinc
The behavior and strength of dielectrics used in electric circuits are investigated with the method of loss factor and Q-factor. The purpose is to calculate the tq delta loss factors of certain liquids. Two liquids of aliphatic structure and one of aromatic structure were dissolved in nonpolar benzene at different concentrations. The results of these measurements are discussed in view of both the structures of the materials and the mechanism involved in the association of their molecules. In addition, the experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations. The loss tangent was shown to increase linearly with molecule length. At 50% concentration, the loss tangent values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are approximately 8*10/sup -3/, 6.5*10/sup -3/, and 2.8*10/sup -3/ respectively. The Q-factor values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are 200, 228 and 505 respectively.<>
{"title":"Investigation of loss factors of some alcohols","authors":"H. Yilmaz, S. Erdinc","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202902","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior and strength of dielectrics used in electric circuits are investigated with the method of loss factor and Q-factor. The purpose is to calculate the tq delta loss factors of certain liquids. Two liquids of aliphatic structure and one of aromatic structure were dissolved in nonpolar benzene at different concentrations. The results of these measurements are discussed in view of both the structures of the materials and the mechanism involved in the association of their molecules. In addition, the experimental results are compared to the theoretical calculations. The loss tangent was shown to increase linearly with molecule length. At 50% concentration, the loss tangent values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are approximately 8*10/sup -3/, 6.5*10/sup -3/, and 2.8*10/sup -3/ respectively. The Q-factor values of n-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are 200, 228 and 505 respectively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202908
F. Pontiga, A. Castellanos
The effect of residual conductivity on the stability of a horizontal dielectric liquid layer subjected to a weak unipolar injection and buoyancy is analyzed. Cases of heating from below and from above have been considered. Regions of steady and oscillatory instability are delineated by direct integration of the electrothermohydrodynamic equations for the case of constant mobility and permittivity.<>
{"title":"The effect of residual conduction on weak unipolar injection and buoyancy driven instabilities","authors":"F. Pontiga, A. Castellanos","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202908","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of residual conductivity on the stability of a horizontal dielectric liquid layer subjected to a weak unipolar injection and buoyancy is analyzed. Cases of heating from below and from above have been considered. Regions of steady and oscillatory instability are delineated by direct integration of the electrothermohydrodynamic equations for the case of constant mobility and permittivity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126559361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202947
H. Sato, Y. Nonaka, T. Takada
The electric field distribution profile in transformer insulating oil as a function of time after application of DC step voltage and change of the DC voltage polarity was measured using a highly sensitive advanced Kerr electrooptic technique. The lower limit of the applied electric field intensity was 100 V/cm in insulating oil with an electrode length of 8 cm. Charge distribution as a function of time was calculated from the measured electric field distribution. Mobilities of positive and negative ionic carriers, 0.025 and 0.030 cm/sup 2//Vs, respectively, were determined from the relationship between the saturation time of charge density and applied DC voltage. The relaxation time of accumulated charge near the electrodes after short-circuiting the electrodes was independent of the preapplied DC voltage.<>
{"title":"Electric field distribution in transformer oil containing an additive using the Kerr-effect technique under various DC stress conditions","authors":"H. Sato, Y. Nonaka, T. Takada","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202947","url":null,"abstract":"The electric field distribution profile in transformer insulating oil as a function of time after application of DC step voltage and change of the DC voltage polarity was measured using a highly sensitive advanced Kerr electrooptic technique. The lower limit of the applied electric field intensity was 100 V/cm in insulating oil with an electrode length of 8 cm. Charge distribution as a function of time was calculated from the measured electric field distribution. Mobilities of positive and negative ionic carriers, 0.025 and 0.030 cm/sup 2//Vs, respectively, were determined from the relationship between the saturation time of charge density and applied DC voltage. The relaxation time of accumulated charge near the electrodes after short-circuiting the electrodes was independent of the preapplied DC voltage.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126993817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202872
A. Gonidec
Summary form only given. Ionization chambers filled with liquefied noble gas have been commonly used as particle detectors. Recent research on warm liquids has made possible the construction of a large-scale calorimeter at CERN, filled with tetramethylpentane. For continuously sensitive detectors used in cosmic-ray physics, ultrahigh purity of the liquid is required to allow the electrons to travel over large distances without being trapped by impurities. Electron lifetimes of a few milliseconds have been reached in cryogenic liquids, and lifetimes of a few hundred microseconds have been obtained in warm liquids to assure good performance of the calorimeter.<>
{"title":"Liquid ionization detectors: the UA-1 collaboration","authors":"A. Gonidec","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202872","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Ionization chambers filled with liquefied noble gas have been commonly used as particle detectors. Recent research on warm liquids has made possible the construction of a large-scale calorimeter at CERN, filled with tetramethylpentane. For continuously sensitive detectors used in cosmic-ray physics, ultrahigh purity of the liquid is required to allow the electrons to travel over large distances without being trapped by impurities. Electron lifetimes of a few milliseconds have been reached in cryogenic liquids, and lifetimes of a few hundred microseconds have been obtained in warm liquids to assure good performance of the calorimeter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"21 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125888077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202970
L.A. El-Zeftawy, S. El-Kholy, T. Eish
Breakdown voltage versus gap length characteristics were obtained for dehydrated transformer oil and oil containing emulsion droplets of water with fibrous impurities. In general, the breakdown voltage increases with increasing oil gap spacing between electrodes. The breakdown voltage values are higher when aluminum electrodes rather than stainless steel electrodes are used. The breakdown voltage for oil containing emulsion droplets of water by (0.2% by mass) was decreased by about 50% as compared with dehydrated oil. The breakdown voltage decreases with increasing temperature. When an insulating oil was subjected to an impulse electric field between aluminum and stainless steel electrodes, the dielectric loss increased with increasing electric field. The measured increase in the dielectric loss coincides with the visually detected onset of liquid motion.<>
{"title":"Impulse breakdown of transformer oil under uniform fields","authors":"L.A. El-Zeftawy, S. El-Kholy, T. Eish","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202970","url":null,"abstract":"Breakdown voltage versus gap length characteristics were obtained for dehydrated transformer oil and oil containing emulsion droplets of water with fibrous impurities. In general, the breakdown voltage increases with increasing oil gap spacing between electrodes. The breakdown voltage values are higher when aluminum electrodes rather than stainless steel electrodes are used. The breakdown voltage for oil containing emulsion droplets of water by (0.2% by mass) was decreased by about 50% as compared with dehydrated oil. The breakdown voltage decreases with increasing temperature. When an insulating oil was subjected to an impulse electric field between aluminum and stainless steel electrodes, the dielectric loss increased with increasing electric field. The measured increase in the dielectric loss coincides with the visually detected onset of liquid motion.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122469128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202903
G. Noyel, L. Jorat, J. Huck, O. Derriche
Results are presented which lead to the characterization of (alcohol)/sub x/(water)/sub 1-x/ mixtures between ambient and glass temperature over the whole molar fraction range. Suitable extrapolations to zero alcohol concentration allow one to calculate the dielectric relaxation time and the static permittivity of supercooled water below its homogeneous nucleation temperature. Use is made of a dielectric relaxation spectrometer operating from 1 MHz to 10 MHz in the temperature range -200, +100 degrees C and a total influence cell. The results obtained confirm that supercooled water dielectric parameters down to T/sub g/, are independent of alcohol.<>
{"title":"Dielectric study of (alcohol)/sub x/(water)/sub 1-x/ mixtures and valuation of static permittivity and relaxation time for supercooled water","authors":"G. Noyel, L. Jorat, J. Huck, O. Derriche","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202903","url":null,"abstract":"Results are presented which lead to the characterization of (alcohol)/sub x/(water)/sub 1-x/ mixtures between ambient and glass temperature over the whole molar fraction range. Suitable extrapolations to zero alcohol concentration allow one to calculate the dielectric relaxation time and the static permittivity of supercooled water below its homogeneous nucleation temperature. Use is made of a dielectric relaxation spectrometer operating from 1 MHz to 10 MHz in the temperature range -200, +100 degrees C and a total influence cell. The results obtained confirm that supercooled water dielectric parameters down to T/sub g/, are independent of alcohol.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122586954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202957
Wang Guokang, Wang Yougong, Liu Liqin, Chang Xianmin, He Xijing, Gao Yaoxian
The crystallinity of several dielectric liquids at low temperatures used as capacitor impregnants was investigated by means of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and some of the results obtained are compared with those obtained by the traditional glass-tube test. Compared to the glass-tube method, DSC has the advantage of fast measurement speed. Further research results on the partial discharges of model capacitors (all-time capacitors and paper/film capacitors) impregnated with the dielectric liquids tested show that the DSC method is practicable for measuring the properties of dielectric liquids at low temperature.<>
{"title":"Study on properties of dielectric liquids at low temperatures","authors":"Wang Guokang, Wang Yougong, Liu Liqin, Chang Xianmin, He Xijing, Gao Yaoxian","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202957","url":null,"abstract":"The crystallinity of several dielectric liquids at low temperatures used as capacitor impregnants was investigated by means of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and some of the results obtained are compared with those obtained by the traditional glass-tube test. Compared to the glass-tube method, DSC has the advantage of fast measurement speed. Further research results on the partial discharges of model capacitors (all-time capacitors and paper/film capacitors) impregnated with the dielectric liquids tested show that the DSC method is practicable for measuring the properties of dielectric liquids at low temperature.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202961
L. Qingquan, Zhu Yunjie, Sheng Shouguo
Experimental results are presented concerning the effects of impregnant type, immersion time, and temperature on the dielectric strength of polypropylene (PP) films. Two biaxially stretched PP films, one smoothed on both sides and one roughened on one side, were used with two synthetic oils (dimethylsilicone and phenyl xylene ethane) employed as impregnant. The infrared spectra of the smoothed PP films before and after immersion in silicone oil are shown. The effect of impregnation times and temperatures on the breakdown characteristics of the roughened PP films immersed in oils is shown to be complex.<>
{"title":"The influence of impregnants on the breakdown behavior of polypropylene films","authors":"L. Qingquan, Zhu Yunjie, Sheng Shouguo","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202961","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results are presented concerning the effects of impregnant type, immersion time, and temperature on the dielectric strength of polypropylene (PP) films. Two biaxially stretched PP films, one smoothed on both sides and one roughened on one side, were used with two synthetic oils (dimethylsilicone and phenyl xylene ethane) employed as impregnant. The infrared spectra of the smoothed PP films before and after immersion in silicone oil are shown. The effect of impregnation times and temperatures on the breakdown characteristics of the roughened PP films immersed in oils is shown to be complex.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126422187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202876
G. Bressi, M. Cambiaghi, G. Carugno, E. Conti, B. Dainese, G. Prete, N. Toniolo
A novel purification method applied to electronegative impurities in liquid argon has been developed. The electronic capture mechanism has been exploited, the electrons being generated by a strong gamma-ray source. High purity level and stability, comparable to those obtained with standard gaseous phase procedures, have been obtained. The electron lifetime obtained ( approximately 0.8 ms. corresponding to an approximately 1.5 m electron attenuation length at 1 kV/cm) allows one to work with a large chamber with long-term stability.<>
{"title":"Argon purification in liquid phase (electronic capture)","authors":"G. Bressi, M. Cambiaghi, G. Carugno, E. Conti, B. Dainese, G. Prete, N. Toniolo","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202876","url":null,"abstract":"A novel purification method applied to electronegative impurities in liquid argon has been developed. The electronic capture mechanism has been exploited, the electrons being generated by a strong gamma-ray source. High purity level and stability, comparable to those obtained with standard gaseous phase procedures, have been obtained. The electron lifetime obtained ( approximately 0.8 ms. corresponding to an approximately 1.5 m electron attenuation length at 1 kV/cm) allows one to work with a large chamber with long-term stability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"612 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123201457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-09-10DOI: 10.1109/ICDL.1990.202900
L. Jorat, G. Noyel, J. Huck
The author present results from an experimental study on binary polar-nonpolar mixtures (propylene carbonate-toluene) from ambient down to their glass transition temperatures. The values of static permittivity and dielectric relaxation time obtained made it possible to estimate the temperature dependence of dipole moment and the Kirkwood correlation factor of propylene carbonate as well as the molecular relation time of toluene (or methylbenzene).<>
{"title":"Dielectric spectra of propylene carbonate-toluene supercooled mixtures, and estimation of propylene carbonate dipolar moment at low temperature","authors":"L. Jorat, G. Noyel, J. Huck","doi":"10.1109/ICDL.1990.202900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.1990.202900","url":null,"abstract":"The author present results from an experimental study on binary polar-nonpolar mixtures (propylene carbonate-toluene) from ambient down to their glass transition temperatures. The values of static permittivity and dielectric relaxation time obtained made it possible to estimate the temperature dependence of dipole moment and the Kirkwood correlation factor of propylene carbonate as well as the molecular relation time of toluene (or methylbenzene).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":193137,"journal":{"name":"10th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131506453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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