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The Effect of the Characteristics of Business Support Facilities on the Sales Price of Knowledge Industry Centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Area 商业支持设施的特点对首尔和京畿地区知识产业中心销售价格的影响
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.50
Sangmin Shin, Seongyoun Shin, Hyunrim Ko
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the characteristics of business support facilities on the sales price of knowledge industry centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. For this study, the characteristics of regions, locations, buildings, individual units, timing, and business support facilities are used as independent variables, and the sale price of the Knowledge Industry Centers is used as the dependent variable. This study analyzes 7,180 units of the Knowledge Industry Centers using the multiple regression analysis. As a result, It is found that the higher the area of business support facilities and the ratio of commercial facilities, the more positive factors affect the sale price. Therefore, if the ratio of business support facilities and commercial facilities can be properly combined, it will increase the productivity and work efficiency of tenant companies, leading to the improvement of sales income.
本研究旨在分析首尔和京畿道知识产业中心的商业配套设施特征对其销售价格的影响。本研究将地区、地点、建筑、单体、时间和商务配套设施的特征作为自变量,将知识产业中心的销售价格作为因变量。本研究采用多元回归分析法对 7 180 个知识产业中心单位进行了分析。结果发现,商务配套设施面积和商业设施比例越高,影响销售价格的积极因素越多。因此,如果能将商务配套设施和商业设施的比例适当结合起来,就能提高承租企业的生产力和工作效率,从而提高销售收入。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Impact of Age and Regional Characteristics on Population Change: Focusing on the Resident Population Census from 2009 to 2020 分析年龄和地区特征对人口变化的影响:以 2009 至 2020 年常住人口普查为重点
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.69
Hyun-Tae Joo
According to the population projections by Statistics Korea, the working-age population is expected to decline by over 3.5 million people from its peak in 2019 to 2030. Additionally, Republic of Korea has the lowest total fertility rate of 0.84 births per woman among OECD countries. The population decline in Korea is a significant challenge accompanied by population aging. However, there are some regions in the metropolitan area where population growth is observed. In this study, we aim to identify the key factors influencing population change using machine learning analysis. The factors consider include population composition by age group and various social factors such as employment, housing, culture, health-care, and welfare at the community level. The analysis results show that changes in population size in the age groups of 50∼54 and 45∼50 had a high degree of influence on the change in the population of the region. These age groups have a high proportion in the population composition of Korea and are associated with active economic activities in the working-age population. On the other hand, age groups with older individuals have less influence on population change. In terms of regional characteristics, the analysis reveals that the supply of housing, particularly apartments, had a strong impact on population change. The availability of apartments indicates not only increases housing supply but also the development of convenient facilities and job creation. Rental prices are found to have a negative influence, while property prices have a positive influence on population change. Although this study aims to examine multiple factors affecting population change, further analysis based on regional characteristics and typologies could yield more improved research outcomes.
根据韩国统计局的人口预测,劳动适龄人口预计将从 2019 年的峰值到 2030 年减少 350 多万人。此外,在经合组织国家中,大韩民国的总和生育率最低,为每名妇女 0.84 胎。伴随着人口老龄化,韩国的人口减少是一项重大挑战。然而,在首都圈中也有一些地区出现了人口增长。在本研究中,我们旨在利用机器学习分析找出影响人口变化的关键因素。考虑的因素包括按年龄组划分的人口构成以及社区层面的就业、住房、文化、医疗保健和福利等各种社会因素。分析结果表明,50∼54 岁和 45∼50 岁年龄组人口数量的变化对该地区人口变化的影响程度较高。这些年龄组在韩国人口构成中所占比例较高,与劳动适龄人口中活跃的经济活动有关。另一方面,年龄较大的年龄组对人口变化的影响较小。就地区特征而言,分析表明,住房供应,尤其是公寓供应,对人口变化有很大影响。公寓的供应不仅意味着住房供应的增加,还意味着便利设施的发展和就业机会的创造。研究发现,租金价格对人口变化有负面影响,而房产价格对人口变化有正面影响。尽管本研究旨在探讨影响人口变化的多种因素,但基于区域特征和类型的进一步分析可以产生更完善的研究成果。
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引用次数: 0
Suggestions for Vitalizing Housing REITs: Focusing on the Private Sector 振兴住房房地产投资信托基金的建议:关注私营部门
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.25
Sangjin Kim, Jaebum Jun
Among REIT investment types, housing REITs are becoming more influential in the private sector as public support private rental REITs and private rental REITs gradually participate in the public sector. However, after the housing measures on June 17th(2020), the quantitative growth rate of housing REITs decreased remarkably. This is because REITs are operated in the form of a stock company, so they are subject to the same tax regulations as speculative corporations to block speculative demand. The REITs industry carried out policy suggestions, and some of them were reflected in policies. But it's still not enough. Purchase-type housing REITs require the same benefits as construction-type housing REITs. Additional measures are needed to revitalize private housing REITs, such as raising housing rents and realizing normal procedures, the need for unsold housing REITs, and the introduction of housing REITs with local residents. If the above proposed measures are reflected in policy, private participation in housing REITs is expected to increase further.Housing REITs in the private sector will increase the supply of rental housing and play a major role in stabilizing the housing of the common people.
在房地产信托投资类型中,随着公募支持私募租赁房地产信托投资基金、私募租赁房地产信托投资基金逐步参与公募领域,住房房地产信托投资基金在私募领域的影响力越来越大。但在 2020 年 6 月 17 日住房措施出台后,住房 REITs 的数量增长率明显下降。这是因为房地产投资信托基金以股份公司的形式运作,因此与投机性公司一样受到税收监管,以阻止投机性需求。房地产投资信托行业提出了一些政策建议,部分建议在政策中得到了体现。但这仍然不够。购买型住房房地产投资信托基金需要获得与建设型住房房地产投资信托基金相同的利益。要振兴私人住房 REITs,还需要采取更多措施,如提高住房租金和实现正常手续、未售出住房 REITs 的需求、引入当地居民的住房 REITs 等。如果上述建议措施在政策中得到体现,私人参与住房 REITs 的程度有望进一步提高。私人部门的住房 REITs 将增加租赁住房的供应,并在稳定平民住房方面发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Improvement of Non-Urban Area Management System 关于改进非城市区域管理系统的研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.101
JongHan Jeon, Jinsoo Ko
In 2003, the National Land Planning And Utilization Act was enacted, but the non-urban area management system through the use area system has problems due to the too wide range of restrictions on management areas, small-scale development using loopholes in the existing legal system, and double administrative procedures due to the lifting of conservation areas. To solve this problem, it is necessary to re-establish the permit standards of non-urban areas or incorporate management areas into the vertical use area classification system to clearly distinguish the identity of the management area. In order to prevent waste of administrative power, it is necessary to give special-purpose areas to areas released from preserved mountainous districts and agricultural promotion areas without separate administrative procedures, strengthen diversion requirements for in preserved mountainous districts, and reorganize the management system so that accommodation facilities can only be made possible through planned locations such as district unit planning areas or growth management planning areas. The growth management plan is an auxiliary means for Permission for Development Activities and can designate non-permissible uses, but it cannot relax permitted uses, so it has limitations as a means of inducing location. In the case of planning management areas, most facilities are permitted due to negative use regulations, so it is difficult to induce location through additional relaxations. Therefore local governments and residents will actively establish growth management plans only when restrictions on behavior in existing special-purpose area are strengthened and ease of allowable use through growth management plan. The planned development of non-urban areas is possible only by planting the perception that regional development in non-urban areas is possible only through district unit plans and growth management plans.
2003 年颁布了《国土规划利用法》,但由于管理区限制范围过大、利用现有法律制度漏洞进行小规模开发、因保护区解除而产生的双重管理程序等原因,通过使用区制度进行的非城市区域管理制度存在问题。为解决这一问题,有必要重新制定非城市区域的许可标准,或将管理区纳入垂直使用区域划分体系,以明确区分管理区的身份。为了防止行政权力的浪费,有必要对保留山区和农业促进区释放的区域给予特殊用途区,而不另设行政程序,加强对保留山区的分流要求,并重新调整管理制度,使住宿设施只能通过地区单元规划区或增长管理规划区等规划地点来实现。增长管理规划是 "开发活动许可 "的辅助手段,可以指定不允许的用途,但不能放宽允许的用途,因此作为选址手段具有局限性。在规划管理区,由于负面用途规定,大多数设施都是允许的,因此很难通过额外的放宽来诱导选址。因此,只有通过增长管理计划加强对现有特殊用途区的行为限制,并放宽允许使用的范围,地方政府和居民才会积极制定增长管理计划。只有通过地区单元规划和增长管理规划,树立非城市地区区域发展成为可能的观念,非城市地区的规划发展才有可能实现。
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引用次数: 0
Appropriateness of the Risk Tolerance Limit for Institutional Investors Considering the Crisis Situations: Focusing on the Case of Risk Management of Investment Institutions in Korea 危机情况下机构投资者风险容忍限度的适当性:以韩国投资机构的风险管理为例
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.119
Sang-Sun Kang, Jaebum Jun
This study aims to promote efficient asset management performance by analyzing whether the risk tolerance limit set by investment institutions is appropriate considering the economic crisis situation. To this end, this study, under a total of six economic crises over the past 15 years, analyzes the sensitivity of each asset group by measuring the expected change in return for each investment institution's strategic asset allocation plan in the event of a global economic situation. After that, a virtual portfolio according to sensitivity is established, the MVO financial model is applied, and a back test is conducted to analyze the appropriateness of the risk tolerance limit by the investment institution. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the current risk tolerance limit of the Financial Mutual Aid Association, the one-year Shortfall Risk(limit value of 10%), satisfies all risk limits except for systematic risk. However, it is analyzed that the 5-year Shortfall Risk(limit value of 2.5%) satisfies the limit only in some portfolios when invested in a normal market. This means that the limit of the 5-year shortfall risk is set lower than the 1-year shortfall risk. Finally, it is appropriate to maintain the current risk tolerance limit of the Financial Mutual Aid Association, Shortfall Risk(primary≤10.0%) for one year, and Shortfall Risk(CPI≤2.5%) for five years is expected to need to be raised.
本研究旨在通过分析投资机构设定的风险承受限额在经济危机情况下是否适当,从而促进高效的资产管理绩效。为此,本研究在过去 15 年共发生六次经济危机的情况下,通过测算各投资机构战略资产配置计划在全球经济形势下的预期收益变化,分析各资产组的敏感性。然后,根据敏感性建立虚拟投资组合,应用 MVO 财务模型,并进行回溯测试,分析投资机构的风险承受限额是否合适。分析结果表明,金融互助协会目前的风险承受限额--一年期亏空风险(限额值为 10%)--满足了除系统性风险以外的所有风险限额。然而,据分析,当投资于正常市场时,5 年期亏空风险(限值为 2.5%)仅在部分投资组合中满足限额要求。这意味着 5 年期亏空风险的限值要低于 1 年期亏空风险的限值。最后,维持金融互助协会目前的风险承受限额为宜,一年期的亏空风险(一级≤10.0%)和五年期的亏空风险(CPI≤2.5%)预计需要提高。
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引用次数: 0
Adapting to a New Reality: Real Estate in the Post Pandemic Era 适应新现实:后大流行病时代的房地产
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.89
Choongik Choi
This article aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the real estate market and the changes necessary to navigate the post-pandemic world. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the real estate market, causing changes in consumer preferences, behaviors, and economic factors that have affected various sectors, including residential, commercial, and retail properties. As a result, the industry has had to adapt to a new reality, with challenges and opportunities arising in response to the pandemic's effects. The residential real estate market has seen a shift towards suburban and rural areas, with homebuyers prioritizing space, privacy, and features that accommodate remote work and virtual schooling. Meanwhile, commercial and retail properties have faced challenges as businesses adapt to remote work and changes in consumer behavior. This paper supports that as the world transitions into a post-pandemic era, the real estate industry must continue to evolve to meet the changing needs of consumers and businesses alike.
本文旨在探讨 COVID-19 对房地产市场的影响,以及在大流行后的世界中进行必要的变革。COVID-19 大流行对房地产市场产生了重大影响,导致消费者偏好、行为和经济因素发生变化,影响到住宅、商业和零售物业等各个领域。因此,该行业必须适应新的现实,在应对大流行病影响的过程中,挑战和机遇并存。住宅房地产市场已向郊区和农村地区转移,购房者优先考虑空间、隐私以及适应远程工作和虚拟教学的功能。同时,随着企业适应远程工作和消费者行为的变化,商业和零售地产也面临着挑战。本文认为,随着世界过渡到后大流行病时代,房地产业必须继续发展,以满足消费者和企业不断变化的需求。
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引用次数: 0
A study on the Factors Influencing Disposable Income of Self-employed Households : Focusing on Comparison with Workers' Households before and after COVID-19 自营职业者家庭可支配收入影响因素研究:COVID-19 前后与工人家庭的比较
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.137
D. D
This study used data from the Household financial welfare survey to conduct a regression analysis on the factors affecting disposable income of self-employed households and compared them with the analysis results of workers' households before, and after COVID-19. As a result of the analysis, gender, number of household members, less than 132.2㎡, residential housing prices, and financial assets had a positive effect on disposable income in common before and after COVID-19, regardless of the distinction between self-employed and worker households, and on the contrary, ‘jeonse’ all had a negative effect. The age of the head of the household had the opposite negative effect in self-employed and worker households, respectively. All but self-employed households showed a positive effect on 132.2㎡ in 2019. Apartments showed a positive effect in 2022 except for self-employed households. Monthly rent was negatively affected only in 2019 for both self-employed and worker households. Mortgage loans were positive in 2019 for self-employed households and negative in 2022 for worker households. Housing expenditure showed a positive effect only on self-employed households in 2019. This study is significant in that it analyzed the effect on disposable income, which is the real income of self-employed people, in multiple dimensions through comparison with worker households before and after COVID-19.
本研究利用家庭金融福利调查数据,对影响个体经营户可支配收入的因素进行回归分析,并与 COVID-19 前后工人家庭的分析结果进行比较。分析结果显示,在 COVID-19 前后,无论个体经营户还是工人家庭,性别、家庭人口数量、132.2㎡ 以下、住宅价格、金融资产对可支配收入的影响都是正面的,相反,"jeonse "对可支配收入的影响都是负面的。户主的年龄分别对个体户和工人家庭产生了相反的负面影响。除个体户外,其他家庭在 2019 年都对 132.2 平方米产生了积极影响。除自营职业家庭外,公寓在 2022 年显示出积极影响。自雇家庭和工人家庭的月租金仅在 2019 年受到负面影响。按揭贷款在 2019 年对自营职业家庭产生了积极影响,在 2022 年对工人家庭产生了消极影响。住房支出仅在 2019 年对个体经营户产生了积极影响。这项研究的重要意义在于,它通过与 COVID-19 前后的工人家庭进行比较,从多个维度分析了对可支配收入(即个体经营者的实际收入)的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Residential Environment Characteristics Before and After COVID-19 on Residential Satisfaction, Intention to Continue Living, and Intention to Recommend: Focusing on Helio City Apartment in Songpa-Gu COVID-19 前后居住环境特征对居住满意度、继续居住意愿和推荐意愿的影响:聚焦松坡区海利欧城市公寓
Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.3.1
Sung-Hyun Kwak, Ho-Byung Lee
This study is to verify the effects of residential environment characteristics before and after COVID-19 on residential satisfaction, intention to continue living, and intention to recommend among residents of Helio City Apartment in Songpa-Gu, Seoul, the largest scale apartment complex in Korea. As a result of the analysis, among the residential environment characteristics, location characteristics before COVID-19 and physical characteristics after COVID-19 have the greatest positive(+) significant effect on residential satisfaction, and social characteristics has a significant impact on residential satisfaction before and after COVID-19 has a stronger negative(-) significant effect. This seems to reflect the characteristics of valuing the internal environment rather than the external environment due to the residential characteristics of Helio City apartments and the influence of COVID-19, and as a change of the times, it reflects the reality that a personal culture that values ‘space’ and ‘me’ rather than a collectivistic culture has become more important. It was confirmed that the online information service characteristics, which is differentiating variable, has a positive(+) significant effect only on the recommendation intention after COVID-19. Housing satisfaction has a positive(+) significant effects on the intention to continue living, and the intention to continue living has a positive(+) significant effect on the recommendation intention. As a result of analyzing the double mediation effect, physical characteristics and social characteristics have a positive(+) and negative(-) significant effect on the recommendation intention by mediating the residential satisfaction and the intention to continue living. In addition, it was confirmed that the Heliocity apartment is a residential environment that meets the ‘pedestrian daily rights’.
本研究旨在验证 COVID-19 前后的居住环境特征对韩国规模最大的公寓综合体--首尔松坡区 Helio City 公寓居民的居住满意度、继续居住意愿和推荐意愿的影响。分析结果显示,在居住环境特征中,COVID-19 之前的位置特征和 COVID-19 之后的物理特征对居住满意度的正向(+)显著影响最大,而社会特征在 COVID-19 前后对居住满意度的负向(-)显著影响较大。这似乎反映了由于海利欧城公寓的居住特点和 COVID-19 的影响而产生的重视内部环境而非外部环境的特点,同时作为时代的变迁,也反映了重视 "空间 "和 "我 "的个人文化而非集体主义文化变得更加重要的现实。研究证实,作为差异变量的在线信息服务特征仅对 COVID-19 后的推荐意向有正向(+)显著影响。住房满意度对继续居住意愿有正向(+)显著影响,继续居住意愿对推荐意愿有正向(+)显著影响。双重中介效应分析结果显示,物理特征和社会特征通过中介居住满意度和继续居住意愿,对推荐意愿产生了正向(+)和负向(-)的显着影响。此外,研究还证实 Heliocity 公寓的居住环境能够满足 "行人的日常权利"。
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引用次数: 0
Does Neighborhood Walkability Matter in Real Estate Studies?: Focused on A Literature Review 社区可步行性在房地产研究中重要吗?聚焦于一篇文献综述
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.2.26
Eun Jung Kim
This study examines previous studies on the relationship between neighborhood walkability and the real estate to find out what academic discussions have been made between these two issues, and to explore the implications of walkable environments in the real estate studies. For systematic literature review, a selection process was conducted using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guideline, and a total of 23 academic papers were selected. According to the citation report, articles related to walkability in the real estate studies began to appear more than a decade ago, and the number of publications and citations has tended to increase in recent years. In addition, the issue of walkable environment, which was mainly dealt with in the urban planning studies, was also being discussed in the fields of economics and business finance. The 23 articles were largely divided into three thematic groups: walkability and housing prices, walkable and property values, and making walkable environment projects and housing prices. In these three topics, it was found that the walkable environment plays a positive role in increasing housing prices and property values. This study is meaningful in that it comprehensively reviewed previous studies that discussed neighborhood walkability and real estate, which have not been reviewed much from the academic perspective. Based on this study, it is expected that making walkable environment will emerge in the field of real estate industry.
本研究通过对以往关于社区步行性与房地产之间关系的研究,找出两者之间的学术讨论,并探讨可步行环境在房地产研究中的意义。系统文献综述采用PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items For systematic review and meta - analysis)指南进行筛选,共筛选出23篇学术论文。根据引用报告,房地产研究中与步行性相关的文章在十多年前就开始出现,近年来的出版物和引用数量有增加的趋势。此外,主要在城市规划研究中讨论的适宜步行的环境问题,也正在经济和商业金融领域进行讨论。这23篇文章大致分为三个主题组:步行性与房价、步行性与房地产价值、打造步行环境项目与房价。在这三个主题中,我们发现可步行环境对提高房价和房地产价值具有积极作用。本研究的意义在于全面回顾了以往学术界对社区步行性与房地产关系研究的不足。在此基础上,预计在房地产行业领域将出现可步行环境。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Effect of the Change of Households on Housing Prices 家庭变动对房价的影响研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.2.42
Chasoon Choi
This paper empirically investigates the effect of the number of households on housing sales prices from a long-run perspective using the DOLS(Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares) model. Estimation results show that most of the variable estimators included in the DOLS model are consistent with the theoretical sign and are statistically significant at the 1% significance level. First, it is found that a cointegration relationship exists between housing prices, the number of households, the population, the average wage of regular workers, and the interest rate of mortgage loans. Second, the growth rate coefficient of the number of households representing the number of households showed a positive(+) value, and the t-value was greater than 2, so it was statistically significant at the 1% significance level. This means that a 1% increase in the number of households will increase housing prices by 0.18% in the long run. Therefore, for housing policies to show significant effectiveness in stabilizing housing prices, It is necessary to proactively implement housing policies by developing a prediction and evaluation simulation model based on close monitoring of the trend of growth rate of households.
本文运用动态普通最小二乘(DOLS)模型,从长期角度实证考察了户数对住房销售价格的影响。估计结果表明,DOLS模型中包含的大部分变量估计量与理论符号一致,在1%显著性水平下具有统计学显著性。首先,研究发现房价与户数、人口、正规工平均工资、抵押贷款利率之间存在协整关系。其次,代表户数的户数增长率系数呈现正(+)值,且t值大于2,因此在1%显著水平下具有统计学显著性。也就是说,从长期来看,家庭数量每增加1%,房价就会上涨0.18%。因此,为了使住房政策在稳定房价方面显示出显著的效果,有必要在密切监测家庭增长率趋势的基础上,通过开发预测和评估模拟模型,积极实施住房政策。
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引用次数: 0
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Korea Real Estate Policy Association
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