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Study on Factors Influencing Public Land Sales Risk: Focused on the Ratio of supply to announcement in the public land development project 公共土地出让风险影响因素研究——以公共土地开发项目的供公告比为例
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.2.14
Jae-Hun Jung, J. Jun
This study conducted an empirical analysis by applying a VAR(Vector Auto Regressive) model to analyze the factors affecting land sale risk. As a result of the analysis, the variables that affect the successful bid price rate are identified as housing construction permit records, the real estate sentiment index, the current status of unsold homes, and interest rates. Specifically, in the case of housing construction permits, it initially has a negative(-) effect on the successful bid price rate, and then shows a positive(+) effect after a 3-month lag. The real estate sentiment index initially has a negative(-) effect on the successful bid price rate, and then has a positive(+) effect. As a result of the impact response function analysis, the influence is the largest in the negative(-) direction in the second period, the influence is in the opposite direction from the third period, and the influence converges to zero after the ninth period. In the case of unsold housing, it has a negative(-) effect on the successful bid price rate. As the number of unsold pre-sale houses increased, the successful bid price rate decreases, and the risk of land sale increases. Lastly, in the case of interest rates, it has a negative(-) effect on the successful bid price rate. What is unusual is that the effect of the loan interest rate on the successful bid price rate is greatest in the 5th period, and the direction is consistently confirmed as a negative(-) effect. It is interpreted that the impact of interest rates on the sale risk of land is consistently large.
本文运用向量自回归(VAR)模型对土地出让风险的影响因素进行实证分析。分析的结果是,影响中标率的变量被确定为住房建设许可记录、房地产情绪指数、未售出房屋的现状和利率。具体来说,在住房建设许可的情况下,它最初对中标价格率有负(-)影响,然后在3个月的滞后后显示出正(+)影响。房地产景气指数对中标率最初呈负(-)效应,而后呈正(+)效应。由冲击响应函数分析可知,在第2周期,负(-)方向影响最大,在第3周期,影响与负(-)方向相反,在第9周期后,影响收敛为零。在未售出房屋的情况下,它对中标价格率有负(-)影响。随着待售房屋数量的增加,中标率下降,土地出让风险增大。最后,在利率的情况下,它对中标价格率有负(-)影响。不同寻常的是,贷款利率对中标价率的影响在第5期最大,而且方向一直被确认为负(-)效应。据解释,利率对土地出让风险的影响一直很大。
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引用次数: 0
Construction Loan Guarantee and Construction Cost Risk Management 建设贷款担保与工程造价风险管理
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.2.1
S. You
This paper discusses risk management in construction loan guarantee. Developers tend to finance their construction cost with loans and most lenders in Korea ask developers to provide them with a guarantee letter. The guarantee provider needs to implement and enhance skills of risk management associated with development projects. This paper classifies risks associated with development cost from the perspective of guarantee provider and the paper examines strategies of risk management associated in particular with construction cost.
本文对建设贷款担保中的风险管理进行了探讨。开发商一般都是通过贷款来支付建设费用,在韩国,大部分贷款公司都要求开发商提供保证书。担保提供者需要实现并增强与开发项目相关的风险管理技能。本文从担保方的角度对与开发成本相关的风险进行了分类,并探讨了与建设成本相关的风险管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Establishing Performance Measures for Public Housing Policies: Developing The Performance Indicators 建立公共房屋政策的绩效衡量:制定绩效指标
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.2.54
Chunil Kim, K. Ji, Jin-soo Ko
As the government’s public rental housing policy has mainly focused on supply, performance measures for public housing policies has also been limited to the supply side. In particular, while different housing types integrated into a single, united system, the use of existing stock is still unsatisfactory. Currently, performance indicators related to public housing show some limitations in conducting a balanced performance analysis for the integrated public housing system. Given the need for quantitative and qualitative improvements, it is imperative to advance the performance analysis standards via an accurate diagnosis of the current situation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to establish systematic and comprehensive performance analysis standards; and (2) to derive performance evaluation indicators through an extensive literature review. New performance indicators were developed for the planning sector, new supply sector, and management sector with suggesting the corresponding measurement data.
由于政府的公共租赁住房政策主要侧重于供应,因此公共住房政策的绩效衡量也仅限于供应方面。特别是,虽然不同的住房类型被整合到一个单一的、统一的系统中,但现有存量的使用情况仍然令人不满意。目前,与公共住房相关的绩效指标在对综合公共住房体系进行平衡的绩效分析时存在一定的局限性。鉴于需要在数量和质量上进行改进,必须通过对现状的准确诊断来推进绩效分析标准。因此,本研究的目的有两个:(1)建立系统、全面的绩效分析标准;(2)通过广泛的文献综述,得出绩效评价指标。为规划部门、新供应部门和管理部门制定了新的绩效指标,并提出了相应的衡量数据。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Analysis and Utilization Strategies of Residential Conversion Business: Focusing on Residential Conversion of Office Building in Seoul 住宅改建业务的分析和利用策略研究:以首尔办公楼的住宅改建为重点
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.1.108
Jae-eul Jung, Youngmin Lee
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引用次数: 0
Appraisal of Multi-Layered MBS with Real Option Analysis: Focused on Prepayment Risk 基于实物期权分析的多层抵押贷款支持证券评估——以提前偿付风险为重点
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.1.86
Myeong-Hwan Cho, Dong-Ha Park, J. Jun
This paper shows a appraising model based on real option theory with CMOs, Multi-Layered MBS, that involves prepayment risk when housing prices fluctuate with uncertainty, analyzes and considers the results, and proposes related implications. And, the result is as follows. 1) As the strike price(the sale price of the house) of an prepayment option increases, the occurrence of the prepayment delays and the value of the prepayment risk reduces. 2) As the volatility of housing prices increase, the prepayment period advances, and the value of the prepayment risk increases. 3) The lower the loan interest rate, the lower the prepayment risk, because this paper assumes that prepayment is caused by housing prices’ uncertainty. Finally, the issuer of MBS needs to set up a strategy to reasonably respond to the prepayment risk within the level tolerated by the capital market by adjusting the CMOs’ price based on changes in housing prices and market interest rates.
本文建立了基于实物期权理论的多层抵押贷款支持证券(cmo, Multi-Layered MBS)在房价波动具有不确定性时的预付风险评价模型,并对结果进行了分析和考虑,提出了相关启示。结果如下。1)随着提前付款期权的执行价格(房屋的销售价格)的增加,提前付款延迟的发生和提前付款风险的值减小。2)随着房价波动性的增大,提前还款期提前,提前还款风险值增大。3)贷款利率越低,提前还款风险越低,因为本文假设提前还款是由房价的不确定性引起的。最后,MBS发行人需要制定策略,根据房价和市场利率的变化,调整cmo的价格,在资本市场可承受的水平内合理应对提前还款风险。
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引用次数: 0
The Big Data-Based Analysis on Climate Change and Natural Disaster and Its Implications 气候变化与自然灾害大数据分析及其启示
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.1.68
Hyeonjeong Kang, Choongik Choi
This paper aims to analyze key issues and characteristics of environmental policy over time through big data-based analysis on climate change and natural disasters. To achieve this, articles from 1900 to August 2022 are extracted and text mining analysis is conducted. Methodologically, text mining is a tool for extracting useful information from electronic (Documents Text Data) such as web pages, and is used in various ways such as extracting major (Keywords Word Cloud), network analysis, and topic analysis. In this study, it is analyzed through word cloud analysis and simultaneous network analysis through simple frequency analysis. The results show that the frequency of natural disasters caused by climate change has been highly increasing, and the damages are caused mainly by localized torrential rains. It implies that natural disaster damage caused by climate change are diversifying, so that countermeasures should be prepared to reduce future damages related to climate change.
本文旨在通过基于气候变化和自然灾害的大数据分析,分析环境政策随时间变化的关键问题和特征。为了实现这一目标,提取了1900年至2022年8月的文章,并进行了文本挖掘分析。从方法论上讲,文本挖掘是一种从网页等电子(文档、文本、数据)中提取有用信息的工具,可用于提取专业(关键词、词云)、网络分析和主题分析等多种方式。在本研究中,通过词云分析进行分析,通过简单的频率分析进行同步网络分析。结果表明:气候变化引起的自然灾害发生频率显著增加,灾害破坏以局地性暴雨为主;这意味着气候变化引起的自然灾害损害正在多样化,因此应该准备应对措施,以减少与气候变化有关的未来损害。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing Factors Affecting the Conversion Rate for Jeonse to Monthly Payment based on the actual price of Apartments: Focusing on Gangnam 3 districts and 3 non-Gangnam districts 以公寓实际价格为标准分析全月租转换率的影响因素——以江南3区和非江南3区为中心
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.1.44
Mansik Yoon, J. Won, Sang Jin Kim
This study examines the theoretical assumptions and previous studies on the factors affecting the conversion rate for Jeonse to Monthly Payment and conducts an empirical analysis of the determinants of the conversion rate for Jeonse to Monthly Payment. The study covers three regions in Seoul of Gangnam (Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Songpa-gu) and three regions in Seoul (Gangdong-gu, Yangcheon-gu, and Nowon-gu), which are the most active areas for apartment sales, rental, and leasing transactions. In order to empirically analyze the determinants of the conversion rate for Jeonse to Monthly Payment, this study uses the SVAR model based on theoretical constraints between variables, a methodology developed by Lee (2008). The main influencing factors of the conversion rate for Jeonse to Monthly Payment are the 3-year government bond yield, the conversion rate for Jeonse to Monthly Paymentby region, real estate market consumer sentiment index, and mortgage loan amount. The variables except for the real estate market sentiment index had an impact on the sublease conversion rate. By region, the effect was different, with the conversion rate for Jeonse to Monthly Payment in 3 regions (Gangdong-gu, Yangcheon-gu, and Nowon-gu) responding more strongly than in 3 regions (Gangnam (Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Songpa-gu).
本研究考察了影响全租到月供转化率因素的理论假设和以往研究,并对全租到月供转化率的决定因素进行了实证分析。此次调查的对象是汉城江南区(瑞草区、江南区、松坡区)和江南区(江东区、阳川区、芦原区)等公寓销售和租赁交易最为活跃的3个地区。为了实证分析Jeonse到Monthly Payment的转换率的决定因素,本研究使用了基于变量之间理论约束的SVAR模型,这是Lee(2008)开发的一种方法。影响全月租换算率的主要因素是3年期国债收益率、各地区全月租换算率、房地产市场消费心理指数、抵押贷款金额等。除房地产市场景气指数外,其他变量对转租转换率均有影响。从地区来看,全月转换率在江东区、阳川区、芦原区等3个地区明显高于江南区(瑞草区、江南区、松坡区)。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Criteria for Selection of the Vacant Houses for Improvement Using the Fuzzy-ANP 基于模糊anp的空置房改造选择标准研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.1.1
Jong-Soo Lee, Sun-Duck Kim
The problem of increasing vacant houses in Korea is more and more severe every year. In order to solve the problem of increasing vacant houses, the Korean government is carrying forward various projects. However, it is difficult due to various reasons to expect that such projects would be effective. For an vacant house improvement project, huge public funds and administrative efforts should be used. Hence, it is important to select the vacant houses for improvement in consideration of the fitness in public purpose and effects of the project. Nevertheless, it is still to see the guidelines for selection of the vacant houses for improvement as well as the relevant researches. Thus, this study used the Fuzzy-ANP to select the indicatives that should be examined first for selection of the houses for improvement and thereby, determined their relative importance, and thereupon, suggested some guidelines for selection of the vacant houses for improvement. As a result, it was found necessary to select the vacant houses for improvement in consideration of the fitness in public purpose, the risk of being collapsed or outbreak of fire, and the easy improvement not opposed by the owners. Summing up the results of the study, the following policy suggestions are put forward. First, central and local administrations should check the safety of the vacant houses periodically. Secondly, a P.R program should be operated continuously for the owners of the vacant houses regarding the risks and relevant support projects. Lastly, the government and the people should join efforts for a periodic monitoring or managing & checking of the vacant houses, beginning from the local communities featuring their members’ stronger attachment.
韩国的空置房问题一年比一年严重。为了解决空置住宅增加的问题,政府正在推进各种对策。然而,由于种种原因,很难期望这些项目会有效。对于空置房改造项目,需要大量的公共资金和行政力量。因此,考虑到公共目的的适宜性和项目的效果,选择需要改善的空置房屋是很重要的。然而,空置改善房的选择指南和相关研究还有待观察。因此,本研究利用Fuzzy-ANP方法,选择改善房选择应首先检查的指标,从而确定其相对重要性,从而提出一些改善房选择的指导方针。因此,考虑到空置房屋是否适合公共用途,是否有倒塌或发生火灾的风险,以及是否容易改善而不被业主反对,有必要选择进行改善。总结研究结果,提出以下政策建议。首先,中央和地方政府应该定期检查空置房屋的安全性。其次,针对空置房屋的风险和相关的支持项目,对业主进行持续的公关。最后,政府和人民应该共同努力,定期监测或管理和检查空置房屋,从当地社区开始,其成员的依恋更强。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between Idiosyncratic Risk and Total Rate of Return: Focused on Seoul Office Market 特质风险与总收益率的关系:以首尔写字楼市场为例
Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2023.24.1.22
K. Lee, Jae-Hun Jung, J. Jun
In this paper, the excess ROI(Return on Investment) and SCL(Security Characteristic Line) ofthe Seoul office market by region are driven based on the ROI of the Seoul office market and CD(91days) rate of return(quarterly), then with this, idiosyncratic risk is extracted, and the idiosyncraticrisk-excess rate of return on investment relationship in the office market by district is analyzed. Finally,the results driven from this study is as follows; 1) Regarding the idiosyncratic risk-excess ROIrelationship by district in Seoul, the CBD shows a low risk-low return tendency, and the YBD showsa high risk-high return. Moreover, in the case of total risk-return, the risk of the ETC is higher thanthat of the GBD, but the idiosyncratic risk is lower than that of the GBD, showing different risk-returncharacteristics depending on the type of risk. 2) As to the idiosyncratic risk-excess investment returnrelationship by district in Seoul, although all districts are markets affected by idiosyncratic risk, thegrowth rate in excess return compared to idiosyncratic risk are different. 3) The excess return oninvestment/idiosyncratic risk by district differs according to the growth rate in office buildings’ salesprice, and no change in the excess return on investment per idiosyncratic risk due to the increase inNOI could be confirmed in all district but YBD. Finally, this paper is meaningful in that it verifies theexistence of idiosyncratic risk in the Seoul office market and the statistical significance betweenidiosyncratic risk-return on investment, and derives related implications through a comprehensiveanalysis relevant to the market situation.
本文以首尔写字楼市场的投资回报率和91天(季度)收益率为基础,对首尔写字楼市场的区域超额投资回报率(ROI)和安全特征线(SCL)进行驱动,并在此基础上提取特质风险,分析了区域写字楼市场的特质风险-超额投资回报率关系。最后,本研究得出的结果如下:1)从首尔各区域的特殊风险-超额roi关系来看,CBD呈现低风险-低回报趋势,而YBD则呈现高风险-高回报趋势。此外,在总风险-收益的情况下,ETC的风险高于GBD,但特质风险低于GBD,不同类型的风险表现出不同的风险-收益特征。2)对于首尔地区的特殊风险-超额投资回报关系,虽然所有地区都是受特殊风险影响的市场,但与特殊风险相比,超额回报的增长率有所不同。3)各地区的超额投资收益/特殊风险随写字楼销售价格的增长率而不同,除YBD外,各地区均未证实因inNOI的增加而导致超额投资收益/特殊风险的变化。最后,本文的意义在于验证了首尔写字楼市场存在特质风险,以及特质风险与投资回报之间的统计显著性,并通过与市场情况相关的综合分析得出相关启示。
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引用次数: 0
An Empirical Study on the Effect of Monetary Policy Uncertainty Impact on Volatility of Land Price Using a Regime Switching Regression Model 基于制度转换回归模型的货币政策不确定性对土地价格波动影响的实证研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.54091/krepa.2022.23.3.2
Chasoon Choi
This study empirically analyzed whether the impact of MPU(Monetary Policy Uncertainty) Index have a significant effect on Land prices using the MRSAR(Markov Regime Switching Autoregressive) model. The result of the study is as follows. We find that the impact of MPU index significantly affect on the land market in each regime. First, it is found that the impact of uncertainty could be spillover internationally. Second, it is found that MPU index in Korea and Japan affect the land market in a similar way. However, the MPU index in the U.S. is found to affect the land market only during the first half of the financial crisis. Third, it is found that the expected duration of MPU shocks in Korea, the United States, and Japan lasted about seven times more during the recession than during the boom. This provides a surprising insight that the impact of uncertainty can be spillover internationally. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness and predictive power of real estate policies, the need for model development including MPU indicators is required.
本文运用马尔可夫制度转换自回归模型实证分析了货币政策不确定性指数对土地价格的影响是否显著。研究结果如下:研究发现,各制度下MPU指数对土地市场的影响均显著。首先,研究发现不确定性的影响具有国际外溢性。其次,发现韩国和日本的MPU指数对土地市场的影响方式相似。但是,美国的MPU指数只在金融危机的前半段对土地市场产生影响。第三,我们发现,韩国、美国和日本的MPU冲击的预期持续时间在经济衰退期间比在繁荣时期长约7倍。这提供了一个令人惊讶的见解,即不确定性的影响可能在国际上溢出。因此,为了提高房地产政策的有效性和预测能力,需要开发包括MPU指标在内的模型。
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引用次数: 0
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Korea Real Estate Policy Association
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