首页 > 最新文献

2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)最新文献

英文 中文
Agricultural activity recognition with smart-shirt and crop protocol 利用智能t恤和作物协议进行农业活动识别
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343988
Sanat Sarangi, Somya Sharma, B. Jagyasi
Accurate recognition of agricultural activity has a direct bearing on improving farm productivity in terms of achieving crop yield improvements, imparting precision training to farmers wherever needed, and measuring their efforts. Moreover, farm activities are not independent of each other. Cultivation of any crop is associated with a defined pattern of farmer activities called the crop protocol. With an indigenously developed garment for the farmer called smart-shirt, we propose a model for activity classification which has a mean activity prediction accuracy of over 88% for seven classes. The performance of numerous classifiers-SVM, Naive Byes, K-NN, LDA and QDA-is rigorously evaluated and compared for activity prediction. We also propose a model to use the a priori information associated with the crop protocol to recognize the major activity when presented with an unclear evidence of reported activities.
准确识别农业活动对提高农业生产力有直接影响,包括提高作物产量、在需要时向农民提供精确培训以及衡量他们的努力。此外,农业活动不是相互独立的。任何作物的种植都与一种被称为作物协议的农民活动模式相关联。我们为农民开发了一种名为smart t-shirt的本土服装,提出了一种活动分类模型,该模型对七个类别的平均活动预测准确率超过88%。许多分类器的性能- svm, Naive Byes, K-NN, LDA和qda -被严格评估和比较用于活动预测。我们还提出了一个模型,当报告活动的证据不明确时,使用与作物协议相关的先验信息来识别主要活动。
{"title":"Agricultural activity recognition with smart-shirt and crop protocol","authors":"Sanat Sarangi, Somya Sharma, B. Jagyasi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343988","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate recognition of agricultural activity has a direct bearing on improving farm productivity in terms of achieving crop yield improvements, imparting precision training to farmers wherever needed, and measuring their efforts. Moreover, farm activities are not independent of each other. Cultivation of any crop is associated with a defined pattern of farmer activities called the crop protocol. With an indigenously developed garment for the farmer called smart-shirt, we propose a model for activity classification which has a mean activity prediction accuracy of over 88% for seven classes. The performance of numerous classifiers-SVM, Naive Byes, K-NN, LDA and QDA-is rigorously evaluated and compared for activity prediction. We also propose a model to use the a priori information associated with the crop protocol to recognize the major activity when presented with an unclear evidence of reported activities.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"48 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122321711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Case study of microgrid for electrification and its benefits in rural Nepal 微电网电气化案例研究及其在尼泊尔农村的效益
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343951
Saurav M. S. Basnet, Haneen Aburub, W. Jewell, Amir Poudel
This paper describes a microgrid for electrification of an isolated rural village in Nepal. Photovoltaic and various storage systems were modeled to find the optimal design. The economic and environmental impacts are also studied.
本文描述了尼泊尔一个偏远农村的电气化微电网。对光伏系统和各种存储系统进行了建模,以寻找最优设计方案。对经济和环境影响也进行了研究。
{"title":"Case study of microgrid for electrification and its benefits in rural Nepal","authors":"Saurav M. S. Basnet, Haneen Aburub, W. Jewell, Amir Poudel","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343951","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a microgrid for electrification of an isolated rural village in Nepal. Photovoltaic and various storage systems were modeled to find the optimal design. The economic and environmental impacts are also studied.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128574502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Open source cookstoves library for massive DIY deployment 开源炉灶库,用于大规模DIY部署
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343973
Mok Siu-Cheung
A library of open source clean cookstoves reference designs are built to tackle the problem of household air pollution due to use of dirty burning solid fuel stoves. The designs are optimized for massive DIY deployment supporting easy adoption, transportation, assembly, and maintenance. The initial reference designs include a DIY concentrating solar cooker, biomass stove, and tools for making alcohol stove. Construction is based on standards-based off-the-shelf material and common power tools found in hardware & construction material stores, and home-made or 3D-printed tools. This library empowers grassroots or micro-entrepreneurs to build high-performance and low-cost clean cookstoves without investing a fortune on production machinery. Workshop material on clean cookstoves principles, OpenSCAD 3D design, and DIY construction methods equips people with the needed knowledge and skills. A visit to hardware and materials stores is what it takes for local NGO or users to get started. With both clean cookstoves and construction tool designs, the library forms a basis for design engineers to collaborate and speedup efficiency improvement, for organizations seeking clean cooking solutions to drive universal adoption, and for decision makers to work out deployment and finance schemes for their projects.
建立了一个开源清洁炉灶参考设计库,以解决由于使用肮脏燃烧的固体燃料炉灶而造成的家庭空气污染问题。这些设计针对大规模DIY部署进行了优化,支持易于采用、运输、组装和维护。最初的参考设计包括一个DIY聚光太阳能炊具、生物质炉和制造酒精炉的工具。施工基于基于标准的现成材料和硬件和建筑材料商店中的常见电动工具,以及自制或3d打印工具。该图书馆使基层或微型企业家能够建造高性能、低成本的清洁炉灶,而无需在生产机械上投入大量资金。关于清洁炉灶原理,OpenSCAD 3D设计和DIY施工方法的工作坊材料为人们提供了所需的知识和技能。对当地的NGO或用户来说,首先要去硬件和材料商店看看。通过清洁炉灶和建筑工具设计,该图书馆为设计工程师提供了协作和提高效率的基础,为寻求清洁烹饪解决方案以推动普遍采用的组织提供了基础,为决策者制定了项目部署和融资计划。
{"title":"Open source cookstoves library for massive DIY deployment","authors":"Mok Siu-Cheung","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343973","url":null,"abstract":"A library of open source clean cookstoves reference designs are built to tackle the problem of household air pollution due to use of dirty burning solid fuel stoves. The designs are optimized for massive DIY deployment supporting easy adoption, transportation, assembly, and maintenance. The initial reference designs include a DIY concentrating solar cooker, biomass stove, and tools for making alcohol stove. Construction is based on standards-based off-the-shelf material and common power tools found in hardware & construction material stores, and home-made or 3D-printed tools. This library empowers grassroots or micro-entrepreneurs to build high-performance and low-cost clean cookstoves without investing a fortune on production machinery. Workshop material on clean cookstoves principles, OpenSCAD 3D design, and DIY construction methods equips people with the needed knowledge and skills. A visit to hardware and materials stores is what it takes for local NGO or users to get started. With both clean cookstoves and construction tool designs, the library forms a basis for design engineers to collaborate and speedup efficiency improvement, for organizations seeking clean cooking solutions to drive universal adoption, and for decision makers to work out deployment and finance schemes for their projects.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128627050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Optimization of prosthetic hand manufacturing 假手制造优化
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343955
Michael King, Brienna Phillips, Marc Shively, Venkatesh Raman, Aaron Fleishman, Sarah C. Ritter, Khanjan Mehta
3D printing is a manufacturing method that holds much promise for customized prosthetic devices, particularly in developing countries. There are many open-source prosthetic hands designed specifically for the additive manufacturing process. However, the excessive time (i.e., 32-53 hours) required for printing and assembly hinders scale up. This article analyzes 3D printing and injection molding strategies to determine the optimal manufacturing method that balances manufacturing time and cost. While injection molding is less suited to individualization of prosthetic hands due to high upfront costs and long development times associated with the creation of each new mold, production time and cost significantly decrease thereafter. After analyzing manufacturing costs and times as well as anthropometric data, a hybridized process was selected in which the palm would be 3D printed and other parts injection molded. For the injection molded components, a set of three standard sizes was selected to fit the majority of the population by analyzing anthropometric data from both the U.S. military and general populations.
3D打印是一种制造方法,尤其在发展中国家,它对定制假肢设备很有希望。有许多专门为增材制造过程设计的开源假肢。但是,印刷和组装所需的过多时间(即32-53小时)阻碍了扩大规模。本文分析了3D打印和注射成型策略,以确定平衡制造时间和成本的最佳制造方法。由于高昂的前期成本和与创建每个新模具相关的较长开发时间,注塑成型不太适合假肢手的个性化,此后生产时间和成本显着降低。在分析了制造成本和时间以及人体测量数据后,我们选择了一种混合工艺,即3D打印手掌,其他部分注塑成型。对于注塑成型部件,通过分析来自美国军方和普通人群的人体测量数据,选择了一套三种标准尺寸来适应大多数人群。
{"title":"Optimization of prosthetic hand manufacturing","authors":"Michael King, Brienna Phillips, Marc Shively, Venkatesh Raman, Aaron Fleishman, Sarah C. Ritter, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343955","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing is a manufacturing method that holds much promise for customized prosthetic devices, particularly in developing countries. There are many open-source prosthetic hands designed specifically for the additive manufacturing process. However, the excessive time (i.e., 32-53 hours) required for printing and assembly hinders scale up. This article analyzes 3D printing and injection molding strategies to determine the optimal manufacturing method that balances manufacturing time and cost. While injection molding is less suited to individualization of prosthetic hands due to high upfront costs and long development times associated with the creation of each new mold, production time and cost significantly decrease thereafter. After analyzing manufacturing costs and times as well as anthropometric data, a hybridized process was selected in which the palm would be 3D printed and other parts injection molded. For the injection molded components, a set of three standard sizes was selected to fit the majority of the population by analyzing anthropometric data from both the U.S. military and general populations.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Challenging requirements in resource challenged environment on a time challenged schedule: A technical solution to support the cold chain for the VSV-Zebov (Merck) Ebola vaccine in Sierra Leone Guinea 在资源短缺的环境中,在时间紧迫的时间表上,具有挑战性的要求:支持塞拉利昂-几内亚VSV-Zebov(默克)埃博拉疫苗冷链的技术解决方案
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343999
M. Friend, S. Stone
In an effort to combat the spread of Ebola in West Africa, phase II/III clinical trials of the vaccines developed by Merck/Newlink Genetics and GSK were expedited. As a result, normal vaccine efficacy as a function of temperature tests have yet to be conducted, leaving temperature requirements of -60C to -80C, significantly colder than EPI vaccine temperature requirements of 2-8C. The trials were held in severely resource challenged regions, with erratic and limited electrical power and no access to dry ice. Intellectual Ventures Laboratory/Global Good modified the Arktek passive vaccine storage device from its original design point of 2-8C down to the required -60 to -80C. A comprehensive series of risk reduction experiments and analysis were performed to verify that the Arktek device could withstand increased stress due to differential thermal expansion and to identify any materials at risk due to reaching glass transition temperatures. The DF (Deep Freeze, modified for use at -80C) Arktek, when combined with an alcohol based phase change material (heat of fusion 110 kJ/kg, freezing temperature -78C) maintained temperatures <;-60C for 6.5 days in 43C ambient with a heat leak of 2.2 W. Combined with -80C freezers in capital cities, a robust vaccine cold chain was deployed in Sierra Leone and Guinea.
为了对抗埃博拉病毒在西非的传播,默克/Newlink Genetics和GSK开发的疫苗的II/III期临床试验加快了。因此,正常的疫苗效力作为温度测试的功能尚未进行,留下-60℃至-80℃的温度要求,明显低于扩大免疫疫苗2-8℃的温度要求。试验是在资源严重缺乏的地区进行的,电力不稳定且有限,无法获得干冰。Intellectual Ventures Laboratory/Global Good将Arktek被动疫苗储存装置从最初的2-8℃设计点修改为所需的-60至-80℃。进行了一系列全面的风险降低实验和分析,以验证Arktek设备可以承受由于差热膨胀而增加的应力,并识别由于达到玻璃化转变温度而存在风险的任何材料。DF (Deep Freeze,修改用于-80℃)Arktek,当与酒精基相变材料(熔合热110 kJ/kg,冷冻温度-78℃)结合时,在43℃的环境中保持温度< -60℃6.5天,热泄漏为2.2 W。在塞拉利昂和几内亚,连同首都城市零下80摄氏度的冰柜,部署了一条强大的疫苗冷链。
{"title":"Challenging requirements in resource challenged environment on a time challenged schedule: A technical solution to support the cold chain for the VSV-Zebov (Merck) Ebola vaccine in Sierra Leone Guinea","authors":"M. Friend, S. Stone","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343999","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to combat the spread of Ebola in West Africa, phase II/III clinical trials of the vaccines developed by Merck/Newlink Genetics and GSK were expedited. As a result, normal vaccine efficacy as a function of temperature tests have yet to be conducted, leaving temperature requirements of -60C to -80C, significantly colder than EPI vaccine temperature requirements of 2-8C. The trials were held in severely resource challenged regions, with erratic and limited electrical power and no access to dry ice. Intellectual Ventures Laboratory/Global Good modified the Arktek passive vaccine storage device from its original design point of 2-8C down to the required -60 to -80C. A comprehensive series of risk reduction experiments and analysis were performed to verify that the Arktek device could withstand increased stress due to differential thermal expansion and to identify any materials at risk due to reaching glass transition temperatures. The DF (Deep Freeze, modified for use at -80C) Arktek, when combined with an alcohol based phase change material (heat of fusion 110 kJ/kg, freezing temperature -78C) maintained temperatures <;-60C for 6.5 days in 43C ambient with a heat leak of 2.2 W. Combined with -80C freezers in capital cities, a robust vaccine cold chain was deployed in Sierra Leone and Guinea.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127145991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Towards a truthful world wide web from a humanitarian perspective 从人道主义的角度走向一个真实的万维网
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343966
Vishnu S. Pendyala, S. Figueira
Economy grows as more and more people join its core echelons. People are the most important economic resources at all times. The Web, being humanity's largest source of information and interaction, probably has the most technological potential to get people into mainstream. It can serve as a conduit of humanitarian services to the underprivileged and presents a huge opportunity to meet humanitarian challenges. In this paper, we discuss the role that a truthful World Wide Web can play in achieving humanitarian goals. We survey what is currently available and discuss some of our own ideas on making the Web more robust and truthful in order to meet the humanitarian challenge.
随着越来越多的人加入经济的核心梯队,经济也在增长。人在任何时候都是最重要的经济资源。网络,作为人类最大的信息和互动来源,可能是最具技术潜力的,可以让人们进入主流。它可以作为向弱势群体提供人道主义服务的渠道,并为迎接人道主义挑战提供了巨大的机会。在本文中,我们讨论了一个真实的万维网在实现人道主义目标中可以发挥的作用。我们调查了目前可用的内容,并讨论了一些我们自己的想法,以使网络更加强大和真实,以应对人道主义挑战。
{"title":"Towards a truthful world wide web from a humanitarian perspective","authors":"Vishnu S. Pendyala, S. Figueira","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343966","url":null,"abstract":"Economy grows as more and more people join its core echelons. People are the most important economic resources at all times. The Web, being humanity's largest source of information and interaction, probably has the most technological potential to get people into mainstream. It can serve as a conduit of humanitarian services to the underprivileged and presents a huge opportunity to meet humanitarian challenges. In this paper, we discuss the role that a truthful World Wide Web can play in achieving humanitarian goals. We survey what is currently available and discuss some of our own ideas on making the Web more robust and truthful in order to meet the humanitarian challenge.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126777070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Process of designing a hydraulics laboratory in rural Kenya for a non-profit engineering student project 为一个非营利性工程学生项目在肯尼亚农村设计水力学实验室的过程
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343948
H. Idrees, A. Ira
This paper describes the issues to consider when designing a laboratory to be constructed in a rural environment in Kenya. The paper bases its details on a project currently underway by a team of volunteer engineers, students and graduates of a non-profit organization. The project includes the construction of a hydraulic flume, a piping network, and a pumping system at a university in Kenya.
本文描述了在肯尼亚农村环境中设计一个实验室时要考虑的问题。这篇论文的细节基于一个目前正在进行的项目,该项目由一个非盈利组织的志愿者工程师、学生和毕业生组成。该项目包括在肯尼亚一所大学建造一个水力水槽、一个管网和一个抽水系统。
{"title":"Process of designing a hydraulics laboratory in rural Kenya for a non-profit engineering student project","authors":"H. Idrees, A. Ira","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343948","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the issues to consider when designing a laboratory to be constructed in a rural environment in Kenya. The paper bases its details on a project currently underway by a team of volunteer engineers, students and graduates of a non-profit organization. The project includes the construction of a hydraulic flume, a piping network, and a pumping system at a university in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123898074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mobile stethoscope and signal processing algorithms for pulmonary screening and diagnostics 用于肺部筛查和诊断的移动听诊器和信号处理算法
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344001
Daniel B. Chamberlain, J. Mofor, R. Fletcher, R. Kodgule
Pulmonary diseases represent a large disease burden in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For many reasons, including household air pollution and a shortage of trained doctors, this burden is concentrated in the developing world. The standard diagnostic pathway for pulmonary diseases is prohibitively expensive in developing countries, so these diseases are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. To assist doctors and health workers, there is a need to create tools that can automatically recognize specific lung sounds and provide diagnostic guidance. As a first step towards this long-term goal, we have created a low-cost stethoscope and smartphone application to record lung sounds. We discuss problems we encountered with the initial design and demonstrate an improved design that is currently being used in the field. We also demonstrate an algorithm capable of automatic detection of wheeze sounds. The automatic wheeze detection algorithm uses time-frequency analysis and the Short Time Fourier Transform to identify sections of wheezing in recorded lung sound files. Unlike most published sound classification studies, we trained and tested our algorithms using sound data collected from 38 actual patients at a pulmonary clinic in Pune, India. Despite variability in the quality of the data, our algorithm demonstrated an accuracy of 86% for successfully detecting the presence of wheeze in a sound file. This mobile platform and detection algorithm demonstrates an important step in creating an automated platform for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in a real-world setting.
就全世界的发病率和死亡率而言,肺部疾病是一个巨大的疾病负担。由于许多原因,包括家庭空气污染和训练有素的医生短缺,这一负担集中在发展中国家。在发展中国家,肺部疾病的标准诊断途径昂贵得令人望而却步,因此这些疾病经常被误诊或漏诊。为了协助医生和卫生工作者,需要创建能够自动识别特定肺部声音并提供诊断指导的工具。作为实现这一长期目标的第一步,我们已经创造了一种低成本的听诊器和智能手机应用程序来记录肺部声音。我们讨论了我们在初始设计中遇到的问题,并演示了目前在该领域使用的改进设计。我们还演示了一种能够自动检测喘息声音的算法。自动喘声检测算法采用时频分析和短时傅里叶变换对录制的肺声文件中的喘声片段进行识别。与大多数发表的声音分类研究不同,我们使用来自印度浦那一家肺病诊所的38名实际患者的声音数据来训练和测试我们的算法。尽管数据质量存在差异,但我们的算法在成功检测声音文件中是否存在喘息声方面的准确率为86%。这个移动平台和检测算法展示了在现实世界中创建肺部疾病自动诊断平台的重要一步。
{"title":"Mobile stethoscope and signal processing algorithms for pulmonary screening and diagnostics","authors":"Daniel B. Chamberlain, J. Mofor, R. Fletcher, R. Kodgule","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344001","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary diseases represent a large disease burden in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For many reasons, including household air pollution and a shortage of trained doctors, this burden is concentrated in the developing world. The standard diagnostic pathway for pulmonary diseases is prohibitively expensive in developing countries, so these diseases are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. To assist doctors and health workers, there is a need to create tools that can automatically recognize specific lung sounds and provide diagnostic guidance. As a first step towards this long-term goal, we have created a low-cost stethoscope and smartphone application to record lung sounds. We discuss problems we encountered with the initial design and demonstrate an improved design that is currently being used in the field. We also demonstrate an algorithm capable of automatic detection of wheeze sounds. The automatic wheeze detection algorithm uses time-frequency analysis and the Short Time Fourier Transform to identify sections of wheezing in recorded lung sound files. Unlike most published sound classification studies, we trained and tested our algorithms using sound data collected from 38 actual patients at a pulmonary clinic in Pune, India. Despite variability in the quality of the data, our algorithm demonstrated an accuracy of 86% for successfully detecting the presence of wheeze in a sound file. This mobile platform and detection algorithm demonstrates an important step in creating an automated platform for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in a real-world setting.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117025943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Automated microscopy and machine learning for expert-level malaria field diagnosis 用于专家级疟疾现场诊断的自动显微镜和机器学习
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344002
Charles B. Delahunt, C. Mehanian, Liming Hu, Shawn K. McGuire, Cary R. Champlin, M. Horning, Benjamin K. Wilson, Clay M. Thompson
The optical microscope is one of the most widely used tools for diagnosing infectious diseases in the developing world. Due to its reliance on trained microscopists, field microscopy often suffers from poor sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The goal of this work, called the Autoscope, is a low-cost automated digital microscope coupled with a set of computer vision and classification algorithms, which can accurately diagnose of a variety of infectious diseases, targeting use-cases in the developing world. Our initial target is malaria, because of the high difficulty of the task and because manual microscopy is currently a central but highly imperfect tool for malaria work in the field. In addition to diagnosis, the algorithm performs species identification and quantitation of parasite load, parameters which are critical in many field applications but which are not effectively determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). We have built a hardware prototype which can scan approximately 0.1 μL of blood volume in a standard Giemsa-stained thick smear blood slide in approximately 20 minutes. We have also developed a comprehensive machine learning framework, leveraging computer vision and machine learning techniques including support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The Autoscope has undergone successful initial field testing for malaria diagnosis in Thailand.
光学显微镜是发展中国家最广泛使用的传染病诊断工具之一。由于它依赖于训练有素的显微镜,现场显微镜往往有较差的灵敏度,特异性和再现性。这项工作的目标,被称为Autoscope,是一种低成本的自动数字显微镜,结合了一套计算机视觉和分类算法,可以准确诊断各种传染病,针对发展中国家的用例。我们最初的目标是疟疾,因为这项任务的难度很高,而且手工显微镜目前是疟疾领域工作的核心工具,但非常不完善。除诊断外,该算法还进行物种鉴定和寄生虫负荷定量,这些参数在许多现场应用中至关重要,但无法通过快速诊断试验(RDTs)有效确定。我们已经建立了一个硬件原型,可以在大约20分钟内扫描标准giemsa染色的厚涂片血玻片中大约0.1 μL的血容量。我们还开发了一个全面的机器学习框架,利用计算机视觉和机器学习技术,包括支持向量机(svm)和卷积神经网络(cnn)。Autoscope已在泰国成功地进行了疟疾诊断的初步现场测试。
{"title":"Automated microscopy and machine learning for expert-level malaria field diagnosis","authors":"Charles B. Delahunt, C. Mehanian, Liming Hu, Shawn K. McGuire, Cary R. Champlin, M. Horning, Benjamin K. Wilson, Clay M. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344002","url":null,"abstract":"The optical microscope is one of the most widely used tools for diagnosing infectious diseases in the developing world. Due to its reliance on trained microscopists, field microscopy often suffers from poor sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The goal of this work, called the Autoscope, is a low-cost automated digital microscope coupled with a set of computer vision and classification algorithms, which can accurately diagnose of a variety of infectious diseases, targeting use-cases in the developing world. Our initial target is malaria, because of the high difficulty of the task and because manual microscopy is currently a central but highly imperfect tool for malaria work in the field. In addition to diagnosis, the algorithm performs species identification and quantitation of parasite load, parameters which are critical in many field applications but which are not effectively determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). We have built a hardware prototype which can scan approximately 0.1 μL of blood volume in a standard Giemsa-stained thick smear blood slide in approximately 20 minutes. We have also developed a comprehensive machine learning framework, leveraging computer vision and machine learning techniques including support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The Autoscope has undergone successful initial field testing for malaria diagnosis in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124355242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
The feasibility of using Microsoft Azure infrastructure for a monitoring and evaluation system solution in sub-Saharan Africa 在撒哈拉以南非洲使用微软Azure基础设施作为监测和评估系统解决方案的可行性
Pub Date : 2015-12-03 DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343977
Samir Souidi, D. Boccio, S. Mierzwa, J. Aguilar
The authors of this article propose that monitoring and evaluation and other data collection technology solution providers can consider the use of the cloud, specifically the Microsoft Azure platform, as part of an overall architecture when utilized in sub-Saharan countries. An overview is provided of a public health project in need of a data management system, the options that were considered before selecting the Microsoft product and deciding on which global network datacenter to utilize, the technical details for the system solution build-out, and the positive and negative lessons learned that may be beneficial to others who are involved in such systems design.
本文的作者建议,监测和评估以及其他数据收集技术解决方案提供商在撒哈拉以南国家使用时,可以考虑使用云,特别是Microsoft Azure平台,作为整体架构的一部分。本文概述了一个需要数据管理系统的公共卫生项目,在选择微软产品和决定使用哪个全球网络数据中心之前考虑的选项,系统解决方案构建的技术细节,以及可能对参与此类系统设计的其他人有益的正面和负面经验教训。
{"title":"The feasibility of using Microsoft Azure infrastructure for a monitoring and evaluation system solution in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Samir Souidi, D. Boccio, S. Mierzwa, J. Aguilar","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343977","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of this article propose that monitoring and evaluation and other data collection technology solution providers can consider the use of the cloud, specifically the Microsoft Azure platform, as part of an overall architecture when utilized in sub-Saharan countries. An overview is provided of a public health project in need of a data management system, the options that were considered before selecting the Microsoft product and deciding on which global network datacenter to utilize, the technical details for the system solution build-out, and the positive and negative lessons learned that may be beneficial to others who are involved in such systems design.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
期刊
2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1