Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343975
Alexander A. Anderson, Larry D. Hull, Na Wokabaut
Adding augmenters to small-scale wind, solar, and hydrokinetic generators can be a powerful, cost-saving strategy for distributed generation applications. In the last decade, renewed commercial interest in augmentation technologies has resulted in their successful deployment worldwide. This paper proposes that innovative electric generators should be implemented to take advantage of the diverse resources available in the Madan community of Jiwaka Province, Papua New Guinea. Portability, low production costs, ease of on-site assembly, and recycling of available materials are emphasized as the key design parameters in construction of the suggested augmented generators. The working principles and economics of the technologies are discussed along with suggestions for overcoming cultural barriers to electrification in the tradition-bound society of rural Papua New Guinea.
{"title":"Innovative renewable generation on a budget","authors":"Alexander A. Anderson, Larry D. Hull, Na Wokabaut","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343975","url":null,"abstract":"Adding augmenters to small-scale wind, solar, and hydrokinetic generators can be a powerful, cost-saving strategy for distributed generation applications. In the last decade, renewed commercial interest in augmentation technologies has resulted in their successful deployment worldwide. This paper proposes that innovative electric generators should be implemented to take advantage of the diverse resources available in the Madan community of Jiwaka Province, Papua New Guinea. Portability, low production costs, ease of on-site assembly, and recycling of available materials are emphasized as the key design parameters in construction of the suggested augmented generators. The working principles and economics of the technologies are discussed along with suggestions for overcoming cultural barriers to electrification in the tradition-bound society of rural Papua New Guinea.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343967
Brittany Schraeder, E. Bonta, Eric Obeysekare, Khanjan Mehta
Community Health Worker (CHW) programs have been implemented in many developing countries to combat the challenge of poor access to healthcare. CHWs are unpaid volunteers who provide basic health information, education, and resources to their communities. In rural areas the large distances between households make it difficult for CHWs to fulfill their responsibilities in a timely fashion. Additionally, difficult working conditions, lack of pay, and limited feedback severely hinder the success and retention of CHWs in these rural areas. Proper economic incentives can provide motivation for CHWs to make CHW programs sustainable. Income generating activities for CHWs can be focused on health services or can be coupled with other entrepreneurial ventures that provide benefits to local communities. After examining problems with retention and turnover of CHWs in rural areas, this article discusses a potential model of co-located community health and activity centers - a place for the community to gather, socialize, and receive basic health information, education, and resources. The center will create an entrepreneurial opportunity for CHWs, providing them an economic incentive to improve their livelihoods and a motivation to continue as an unpaid health care provider.
{"title":"Co-located community health and economic activity centers","authors":"Brittany Schraeder, E. Bonta, Eric Obeysekare, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343967","url":null,"abstract":"Community Health Worker (CHW) programs have been implemented in many developing countries to combat the challenge of poor access to healthcare. CHWs are unpaid volunteers who provide basic health information, education, and resources to their communities. In rural areas the large distances between households make it difficult for CHWs to fulfill their responsibilities in a timely fashion. Additionally, difficult working conditions, lack of pay, and limited feedback severely hinder the success and retention of CHWs in these rural areas. Proper economic incentives can provide motivation for CHWs to make CHW programs sustainable. Income generating activities for CHWs can be focused on health services or can be coupled with other entrepreneurial ventures that provide benefits to local communities. After examining problems with retention and turnover of CHWs in rural areas, this article discusses a potential model of co-located community health and activity centers - a place for the community to gather, socialize, and receive basic health information, education, and resources. The center will create an entrepreneurial opportunity for CHWs, providing them an economic incentive to improve their livelihoods and a motivation to continue as an unpaid health care provider.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127391703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343994
David Xu, N. Powers, W. Sae-Kok
This paper presents the solutions provided by ABB Station Service Voltage Transformer (SSVT) as a power source that more effectively enables the rural community to access electricity from the high voltage transmission grid. Typical community electrification applications consist of construction of electrical network infrastructures requiring higher investment, more space, and longer duration. An alternative solution developed by ABB is to apply the SSVT product to serve as a mini-substation, stepping down the power supply directly from the high voltage transmission line to low voltage or medium voltage output in one step to provide power source to small residential areas without the large investment. Rough estimations indicate using SSVT for rural electrification can reduce cost by as much as 80% over a traditional substation. ABB has continuously developed new and different technological solutions on global humanitarian challenges for access to electricity. One recent project that ABB Power Systems and ABB High Voltage Power Products coordinated on is delivering 7 units of 230kV SSVT to supply power to 7 rural villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) on a project funded by the World Bank. The project is focused on changing people's lives in these villages and help them fight poverty.
{"title":"Development of a power source for rural electriciation","authors":"David Xu, N. Powers, W. Sae-Kok","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343994","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the solutions provided by ABB Station Service Voltage Transformer (SSVT) as a power source that more effectively enables the rural community to access electricity from the high voltage transmission grid. Typical community electrification applications consist of construction of electrical network infrastructures requiring higher investment, more space, and longer duration. An alternative solution developed by ABB is to apply the SSVT product to serve as a mini-substation, stepping down the power supply directly from the high voltage transmission line to low voltage or medium voltage output in one step to provide power source to small residential areas without the large investment. Rough estimations indicate using SSVT for rural electrification can reduce cost by as much as 80% over a traditional substation. ABB has continuously developed new and different technological solutions on global humanitarian challenges for access to electricity. One recent project that ABB Power Systems and ABB High Voltage Power Products coordinated on is delivering 7 units of 230kV SSVT to supply power to 7 rural villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) on a project funded by the World Bank. The project is focused on changing people's lives in these villages and help them fight poverty.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134473253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344009
Brandie Nonnecke, S. Krishnan, Jay Patel, Mo Zhou, Laura Byaruhanga, D. Masinde, María-Elena Meneses, Alejandro Martin del Campo, Camille Crittenden, Ken Goldberg
The design and assessment of development initiatives is increasingly participatory, where decision makers consider feedback from affected populations. While digital data collection facilitates faster and more reliable analysis, existing data collection tools are not optimized for unstructured qualitative (textual) data and peer-to-peer participant collaboration. In this paper, we propose a system called the Development Collaborative Assessment and Feedback Engine version 1.0 (DevCAFE), a customizable participatory assessment platform that collects and integrates quantitative assessment, qualitative feedback and peer-to-peer collaborative filtering. DevCAFE incorporates a library of statistical analyses for researchers to quickly identify quantitative and qualitative trends while collecting field data. DevCAFE can run on any mobile device with a Web-browser and can work with or without Internet connectivity. We present results from two pilot projects: (1) 137 participants evaluating family planning education trainings at three Nutrition Education Centers in rural Uganda, and (2) 4,518 participants evaluating policy priorities for elected leaders in the June 2015 Mexico mid-term elections. DevCAFE collected over 19,000 peer-to-peer ratings of 336 submitted ideas. Feedback gathered through DevCAFE enabled targeted reforms to the family planning efforts in Uganda and the need for increased government attention to public safety in Mexico. Case studies and interactive demos are available at: http://opinion.berkeley.edu/devcafe/.
{"title":"DevCAFE 1.0: A participatory platform for assessing development initiatives in the field","authors":"Brandie Nonnecke, S. Krishnan, Jay Patel, Mo Zhou, Laura Byaruhanga, D. Masinde, María-Elena Meneses, Alejandro Martin del Campo, Camille Crittenden, Ken Goldberg","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344009","url":null,"abstract":"The design and assessment of development initiatives is increasingly participatory, where decision makers consider feedback from affected populations. While digital data collection facilitates faster and more reliable analysis, existing data collection tools are not optimized for unstructured qualitative (textual) data and peer-to-peer participant collaboration. In this paper, we propose a system called the Development Collaborative Assessment and Feedback Engine version 1.0 (DevCAFE), a customizable participatory assessment platform that collects and integrates quantitative assessment, qualitative feedback and peer-to-peer collaborative filtering. DevCAFE incorporates a library of statistical analyses for researchers to quickly identify quantitative and qualitative trends while collecting field data. DevCAFE can run on any mobile device with a Web-browser and can work with or without Internet connectivity. We present results from two pilot projects: (1) 137 participants evaluating family planning education trainings at three Nutrition Education Centers in rural Uganda, and (2) 4,518 participants evaluating policy priorities for elected leaders in the June 2015 Mexico mid-term elections. DevCAFE collected over 19,000 peer-to-peer ratings of 336 submitted ideas. Feedback gathered through DevCAFE enabled targeted reforms to the family planning efforts in Uganda and the need for increased government attention to public safety in Mexico. Case studies and interactive demos are available at: http://opinion.berkeley.edu/devcafe/.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125831245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343996
T. Farwell, John Lussmyer
Climate change promises to exacerbate global inequalities since the true costs of carbon fuel fall on those who gain no benefit from the energy markets - those already in poverty. Early adopters of clean electric vehicles are relieving the environment of atmospheric carbon, but the sales of electric passenger cars in the US exceed battery electric truck sales by 100:1. Truck fleets dominate the energy sector having the largest source of transport greenhouse gas pollution. A concept for conserving medium-duty fleets by changing out the donor vehicle's combustion drive trains for battery electric traction has been designed and road tested for performance. For low mpg trucks, savings in fuel and maintenance costs can offset the investment in conversion labor and components. Commercial off-the-shelf components only call for conventional shop skillsets.
{"title":"Taming transportation — Zero emissions at no increase in cost","authors":"T. Farwell, John Lussmyer","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343996","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change promises to exacerbate global inequalities since the true costs of carbon fuel fall on those who gain no benefit from the energy markets - those already in poverty. Early adopters of clean electric vehicles are relieving the environment of atmospheric carbon, but the sales of electric passenger cars in the US exceed battery electric truck sales by 100:1. Truck fleets dominate the energy sector having the largest source of transport greenhouse gas pollution. A concept for conserving medium-duty fleets by changing out the donor vehicle's combustion drive trains for battery electric traction has been designed and road tested for performance. For low mpg trucks, savings in fuel and maintenance costs can offset the investment in conversion labor and components. Commercial off-the-shelf components only call for conventional shop skillsets.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126761028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343971
Moein Choobineh, S. Mohagheghi
The colossal amount of energy released by natural disaster events can devastate the critical infrastructure of affected cities and rural regions. Possible damages to the electric power grid can lead to large-scale interruption in electric service, which could greatly impede post-disaster relief efforts. To make communities resilient against natural hazards, the power grid must have post-disaster self-healing capability, allowing it to restore power to as many sections of the network as possible within a reasonably short timeframe. Traditionally, electric service restoration is performed by first identifying alternative substations and possible routes, followed by network reconfiguration, so that the outage area can be re-energized via these substations. However, this approach may not be possible in the aftermath of a natural disaster. This is because many parts of the network may already have become non-operational due to direct or indirect damages incurred by the event. Here, service restoration can be achieved through a decentralized approach where one or more Microgrids are formed in order to supply the loads locally. A Microgrid dispatch solution is proposed in this paper for emergency electric service restoration in the aftermath of a natural disaster event. A nonlinear mixed-integer optimization problem is formulated that finds the optimal dispatch of the energy resources within the Microgrid subject to capacity and fuel availability constraints. To demonstrate the applicability of the solution, a case study is provided using the IEEE 123-bus test distribution system.
{"title":"Emergency electric service restoration in the aftermath of a natural disaster","authors":"Moein Choobineh, S. Mohagheghi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343971","url":null,"abstract":"The colossal amount of energy released by natural disaster events can devastate the critical infrastructure of affected cities and rural regions. Possible damages to the electric power grid can lead to large-scale interruption in electric service, which could greatly impede post-disaster relief efforts. To make communities resilient against natural hazards, the power grid must have post-disaster self-healing capability, allowing it to restore power to as many sections of the network as possible within a reasonably short timeframe. Traditionally, electric service restoration is performed by first identifying alternative substations and possible routes, followed by network reconfiguration, so that the outage area can be re-energized via these substations. However, this approach may not be possible in the aftermath of a natural disaster. This is because many parts of the network may already have become non-operational due to direct or indirect damages incurred by the event. Here, service restoration can be achieved through a decentralized approach where one or more Microgrids are formed in order to supply the loads locally. A Microgrid dispatch solution is proposed in this paper for emergency electric service restoration in the aftermath of a natural disaster event. A nonlinear mixed-integer optimization problem is formulated that finds the optimal dispatch of the energy resources within the Microgrid subject to capacity and fuel availability constraints. To demonstrate the applicability of the solution, a case study is provided using the IEEE 123-bus test distribution system.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133975511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343991
Megan A. Biek, Wanchen Chung, Khanjan Mehta
The African continent is most vulnerable to climate change due to a multitude of environmental stressors and low adaptive capacity. Climate change stresses agriculture via rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns, as well as increased soil vulnerability, climate variability, pests and crop disease, and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Affordable greenhouse solutions work on a small, sustainable scale to mitigate some of the effects of climate change and provide strategies for smallholder farmers to adapt to the changing environment. Greenhouses cannot reverse climate change, but they are well suited to increase the adaptive capacity of the agricultural sector in developing nations. This article examines affordable greenhouses and the role they play in mitigating the effects of climate change for small-scale farmers.
{"title":"Affordable greenhouses: A tool to increase farmers' adaptive capacity to climate change","authors":"Megan A. Biek, Wanchen Chung, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343991","url":null,"abstract":"The African continent is most vulnerable to climate change due to a multitude of environmental stressors and low adaptive capacity. Climate change stresses agriculture via rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns, as well as increased soil vulnerability, climate variability, pests and crop disease, and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Affordable greenhouse solutions work on a small, sustainable scale to mitigate some of the effects of climate change and provide strategies for smallholder farmers to adapt to the changing environment. Greenhouses cannot reverse climate change, but they are well suited to increase the adaptive capacity of the agricultural sector in developing nations. This article examines affordable greenhouses and the role they play in mitigating the effects of climate change for small-scale farmers.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"452 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127199445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344008
Nicholas Frazzette, J. Dobson, A. Mukhtar, Bridget Burt, Janak Jethva, James H. Adair, Khanjan Mehta
Developing countries face an increasing double disease burden of chronic health conditions like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes alongside traditional communicable diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Rural patients often cannot afford to visit established medical centers because of the cost or time associated with travel. Poor education and social stigma prevent patients from seeking medical attention or getting tested for curable illnesses. Access to affordable and accessible tools for screening and diagnosis of common illnesses can greatly reduce the strain on fledgling health care systems. This article provides a proof-of-concept for manufacturing dipstick test strips that can be used for a variety of screening tests including diabetes and urinary tract infections. By repurposing a traditional, piezo inkjet printer with chemically active solutions that match the fluid properties of traditional printer ink, test strips can be printed in a just-in-time manner in low-resource settings.
{"title":"Can we manufacture diagnostic test strips using an Inkjet printer?","authors":"Nicholas Frazzette, J. Dobson, A. Mukhtar, Bridget Burt, Janak Jethva, James H. Adair, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7344008","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries face an increasing double disease burden of chronic health conditions like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes alongside traditional communicable diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Rural patients often cannot afford to visit established medical centers because of the cost or time associated with travel. Poor education and social stigma prevent patients from seeking medical attention or getting tested for curable illnesses. Access to affordable and accessible tools for screening and diagnosis of common illnesses can greatly reduce the strain on fledgling health care systems. This article provides a proof-of-concept for manufacturing dipstick test strips that can be used for a variety of screening tests including diabetes and urinary tract infections. By repurposing a traditional, piezo inkjet printer with chemically active solutions that match the fluid properties of traditional printer ink, test strips can be printed in a just-in-time manner in low-resource settings.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126467645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343982
Danelle C. Shah, Christian Anderson, P. Breimyer, Stephanie Foster, K. Geyer, J. Griffith, Andrew Heier, Arjun Majumdar, O. Simek, N. Stanisha, Frederick R. Waugh
Every disaster is unique, yet all response efforts face common challenges regarding the collection and processing of disparate data sources, and dissemination of accurate and timely information both to and from disaster areas. Recent advances in graph theory and data fusion can be leveraged to address many of these challenges. This paper describes a graph-based approach for fusing and representing multisource information of an affected area to aid emergency responders in the wake of a disaster. An end-to-end prototype system was developed, consisting of five main parts: data ingestion, social graph construction, graph enrichment, inference, and user situation awareness. Data from open sources, including social media, are ingested and fused to represent people and places as a coherent social graph. This graph can be made available to emergency managers and incident commanders to increase situation awareness of an affected population, or used as inputs to other algorithms to aid in prioritizing a response. Key challenges of using open source data for disaster response are discussed.
{"title":"Application of graph methods for leveraging open source data during disaster response","authors":"Danelle C. Shah, Christian Anderson, P. Breimyer, Stephanie Foster, K. Geyer, J. Griffith, Andrew Heier, Arjun Majumdar, O. Simek, N. Stanisha, Frederick R. Waugh","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343982","url":null,"abstract":"Every disaster is unique, yet all response efforts face common challenges regarding the collection and processing of disparate data sources, and dissemination of accurate and timely information both to and from disaster areas. Recent advances in graph theory and data fusion can be leveraged to address many of these challenges. This paper describes a graph-based approach for fusing and representing multisource information of an affected area to aid emergency responders in the wake of a disaster. An end-to-end prototype system was developed, consisting of five main parts: data ingestion, social graph construction, graph enrichment, inference, and user situation awareness. Data from open sources, including social media, are ingested and fused to represent people and places as a coherent social graph. This graph can be made available to emergency managers and incident commanders to increase situation awareness of an affected population, or used as inputs to other algorithms to aid in prioritizing a response. Key challenges of using open source data for disaster response are discussed.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131899596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343968
Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto, R. Dzwonczyk
Service-learning (SL) is a teaching method that combines classroom instruction with community service. Engineering SL provides students the opportunity to apply their theoretical technical knowledge to a meaningful hands-on field experience designed to solve real-world problems faced by people and communities. We have conducted engineering SL programs since 2005 and have developed certain strategies that maximize, to a great extent, the benefits students derive from the experience. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of communications, constraint definition, social and economic the interdisciplinary approach to problem solving, cultural compliance, replicability, partnering, documentation, local ownership and sustainability. Student feedback was assessed and quantitative and qualitative results are presented. We will describe the class structure in the education model implemented in and outside the classroom environment, and how the experience is enhanced when working with students who may have done manual community service, but most often have not conducted technical or engineering projects. This paper outlines a course model that may help educators develop a course that maximizes the potential of international service-learning. Finally, we will describe the challenges still faced and best practices in order to maximize the SL experience for the students and the community.
{"title":"Maximizing service and learning in an international engineering service learning program","authors":"Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto, R. Dzwonczyk","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343968","url":null,"abstract":"Service-learning (SL) is a teaching method that combines classroom instruction with community service. Engineering SL provides students the opportunity to apply their theoretical technical knowledge to a meaningful hands-on field experience designed to solve real-world problems faced by people and communities. We have conducted engineering SL programs since 2005 and have developed certain strategies that maximize, to a great extent, the benefits students derive from the experience. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of communications, constraint definition, social and economic the interdisciplinary approach to problem solving, cultural compliance, replicability, partnering, documentation, local ownership and sustainability. Student feedback was assessed and quantitative and qualitative results are presented. We will describe the class structure in the education model implemented in and outside the classroom environment, and how the experience is enhanced when working with students who may have done manual community service, but most often have not conducted technical or engineering projects. This paper outlines a course model that may help educators develop a course that maximizes the potential of international service-learning. Finally, we will describe the challenges still faced and best practices in order to maximize the SL experience for the students and the community.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114545427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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