Pub Date : 2015-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343959
E. LaRochelle, J. A. Dobbins-Bucklad
ACTS is a non-profit organization based in Norwich, Vermont. Since 1986 ACTS has partnered with rural villages in the mountainous Locomapa region of the Yoro district of Honduras with a focus on sustainable community development. In a region where a 6th grade education is the norm, a major initiative of ACTS has been improving educational opportunities. In 2008 ACTS helped the community of El Rosario open a community library. To help expand their offerings we have investigated ways to bring technology to the community. As part of this effort we have partnered with the community to install two wireless networks that serve educational content, such as Wikipedia, e-books, and Khan Academy videos. The long-term plan for this initiative is to continue installing self-contained educational nodes, connect each node to form a community mesh network, and eventually connect this network to the Internet. Community feedback and training has been a major part of this project and will be the key to its sustainability. This case study will cover design considerations, implementation methods and lessons learned while working with the community. An emphasis will be given to the technical considerations, but will also cover the importance of community organization. We are still collecting information from the prototyping phase, and continue to work on plans to further scale the current deployment.
{"title":"Where there is no Internet: Experiences from rural Honduras 2013–2015: Phase I implementation","authors":"E. LaRochelle, J. A. Dobbins-Bucklad","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343959","url":null,"abstract":"ACTS is a non-profit organization based in Norwich, Vermont. Since 1986 ACTS has partnered with rural villages in the mountainous Locomapa region of the Yoro district of Honduras with a focus on sustainable community development. In a region where a 6th grade education is the norm, a major initiative of ACTS has been improving educational opportunities. In 2008 ACTS helped the community of El Rosario open a community library. To help expand their offerings we have investigated ways to bring technology to the community. As part of this effort we have partnered with the community to install two wireless networks that serve educational content, such as Wikipedia, e-books, and Khan Academy videos. The long-term plan for this initiative is to continue installing self-contained educational nodes, connect each node to form a community mesh network, and eventually connect this network to the Internet. Community feedback and training has been a major part of this project and will be the key to its sustainability. This case study will cover design considerations, implementation methods and lessons learned while working with the community. An emphasis will be given to the technical considerations, but will also cover the importance of community organization. We are still collecting information from the prototyping phase, and continue to work on plans to further scale the current deployment.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124309351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-21DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343979
Charles Rose, Robert Seater, A. Norige
A large scale disaster such as the detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) in a U.S. city would pose significant response challenges for all levels of government, private organizations, and the general public. Public officials and emergency managers would face difficult and high impact choices throughout the response effort, and they must prepare to make timely and key decisions throughout the effort. Decision making preparation may involve more than technical training and resources. It may extend to emergency managers being cognitively and emotionally prepared for the situations they may face. This paper presents the first step toward the larger goal of developing alternative disaster preparedness training methods that teach effective decision making. The project team interviewed highly experienced, disaster response professionals and analyzed decisions they emphasized as being both important and difficult during an IND response. The respondents also identified the critical skills needed to make those decisions effectively. This paper reports on the findings and analysis of specific decisions and skills required for an IND response.
{"title":"Analysis of decision making skills for large scale disaster response","authors":"Charles Rose, Robert Seater, A. Norige","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2015.7343979","url":null,"abstract":"A large scale disaster such as the detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) in a U.S. city would pose significant response challenges for all levels of government, private organizations, and the general public. Public officials and emergency managers would face difficult and high impact choices throughout the response effort, and they must prepare to make timely and key decisions throughout the effort. Decision making preparation may involve more than technical training and resources. It may extend to emergency managers being cognitively and emotionally prepared for the situations they may face. This paper presents the first step toward the larger goal of developing alternative disaster preparedness training methods that teach effective decision making. The project team interviewed highly experienced, disaster response professionals and analyzed decisions they emphasized as being both important and difficult during an IND response. The respondents also identified the critical skills needed to make those decisions effectively. This paper reports on the findings and analysis of specific decisions and skills required for an IND response.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115023884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2014.7137723
J. N. Mungwe, E. Colombo
Over 44 million biogas digesters of several designs are disseminated in Developing Countries (DCs) to improve access to modern energy services to 2.6 billion people who depend on traditional biomass. In terms of numbers this technology seems to be of high performance and any designs could be mass disseminated everywhere in DCs. This paper has two objectives: (i) to present an overview of domestic digesters performance in DCs, (ii) to describe a Decision Making Model (DMM) that is developed to identify the most appropriate digester design for mass dissemination in a particular region. Performances are characterized in terms of functional state, effectiveness in producing biogas, process efficiency and pathogen reduction: 50% of the digesters in DCs are reported in good functional state and 80% provide 3-4 hours of biogas per day. In terms of process efficiency, 58-94% volatile solids degradation is reported, 96% coliform and 99% Escherichia coli are eliminated. The DMM is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development and other performance indicators. It is applied to rural areas of Cameroon to select the digester design among five types. The Nepali GGC2047 design seems to result as the most appropriate for mass dissemination in this country.
{"title":"Domestic biogas digesters in developing countries: Performance and selection of appropriate design for mass dissemination","authors":"J. N. Mungwe, E. Colombo","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2014.7137723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2014.7137723","url":null,"abstract":"Over 44 million biogas digesters of several designs are disseminated in Developing Countries (DCs) to improve access to modern energy services to 2.6 billion people who depend on traditional biomass. In terms of numbers this technology seems to be of high performance and any designs could be mass disseminated everywhere in DCs. This paper has two objectives: (i) to present an overview of domestic digesters performance in DCs, (ii) to describe a Decision Making Model (DMM) that is developed to identify the most appropriate digester design for mass dissemination in a particular region. Performances are characterized in terms of functional state, effectiveness in producing biogas, process efficiency and pathogen reduction: 50% of the digesters in DCs are reported in good functional state and 80% provide 3-4 hours of biogas per day. In terms of process efficiency, 58-94% volatile solids degradation is reported, 96% coliform and 99% Escherichia coli are eliminated. The DMM is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development and other performance indicators. It is applied to rural areas of Cameroon to select the digester design among five types. The Nepali GGC2047 design seems to result as the most appropriate for mass dissemination in this country.","PeriodicalId":193664,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128073476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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