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Antioxidative and Metabolic Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, Inulin, and Their Synbiotic on the Hypothalamus and Serum of Healthy Rats. 植物乳杆菌、菊粉及其复合益生菌对健康大鼠下丘脑和血清的抗氧化和代谢作用
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-10-20 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820925092
Elaheh-Sadat Hosseinifard, Khadijeh Bavafa-Valenlia, Maryam Saghafi-Asl, Mohammad Morshedi

Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the link between gut microbiota and brain. The beneficial metabolic effects of probiotics and prebiotics in several diseases such as diabetes and obesity have been reported. However, studies bridging the association of gut microbiome with brain function in healthy states are rare. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum (L plantarum) and inulin may affect serum and hypothalamic metabolic parameters as well as oxidative markers in healthy male rats. Daily L plantarum (107 CFU/mL) and inulin (5% of daily food weight) or their combination (synbiotic) was given to healthy rats. Then, serum and hypothalamic levels of leptin, insulin, and oxidative markers were measured. Administration of synbiotic for 8 weeks led to significant changes in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. The intake of synbiotic also resulted in a significantly reduced hypothalamic level of malondialdehyde and increased hypothalamic superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also, L plantarum could significantly increase hypothalamic SOD level. Furthermore, synbiotic administration insignificantly increased the hypothalamic and serum levels of insulin and leptin. These findings suggest that the synbiotic could significantly improve oxidative markers and lipid profile in healthy rats. Therefore, simultaneous intake of L plantarum and inulin appears to be more effective in the amelioration of metabolic and oxidative parameters.

如今,肠道微生物群与大脑之间的联系已备受关注。益生菌和益生元对糖尿病和肥胖症等多种疾病的有益代谢作用已有报道。然而,将肠道微生物群与健康状态下的大脑功能联系起来的研究却很少见。因此,我们假设服用植物乳杆菌(L plantarum)和菊粉可能会影响健康雄性大鼠的血清和下丘脑代谢参数以及氧化标记物。健康大鼠每日摄入植物乳杆菌(107 CFU/mL)和菊粉(占每日食物重量的5%)或它们的组合(合成益生菌)。然后测量血清和下丘脑中瘦素、胰岛素和氧化标记物的水平。服用合生元 8 周后,大鼠血清中的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白比率、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平都发生了显著变化。摄入合生元还能显著降低下丘脑丙二醛水平,增加下丘脑超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。植物乳杆菌也能显著提高下丘脑的 SOD 水平。此外,服用益生菌并不能显著提高下丘脑和血清中的胰岛素和瘦素水平。这些研究结果表明,合成益生菌可明显改善健康大鼠的氧化指标和血脂状况。因此,同时摄入植物乳杆菌和菊粉似乎能更有效地改善代谢和氧化指标。
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引用次数: 0
The Association Between Dietary Habits and Other Lifestyle Indicators and Dysglycemia in Saudi Adults Free of Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes. 饮食习惯和其他生活方式指标与既往无糖尿病诊断的沙特成年人血糖异常之间的关系
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-10-15 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820965258
Hanan Jambi, Sumia Enani, Manal Malibary, Suhad Bahijri, Basmah Eldakhakhny, Jawaher Al-Ahmadi, Rajaa Al Raddadi, Ghada Ajabnoor, Anwar Boraie, Jaakko Tuomilehto

Objective: Study the association of dietary habits and other indicators of lifestyle with dysglycemia in Saudi adults.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, data were obtained from 1403 Saudi adults (⩾20 years), not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Demographics, lifestyle variables and dietary habits were obtained using a predesigned questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test were used to identify dysglycemia. Regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of dietary factors and other indicators of lifestyle with dysglycemia.

Results: A total 1075 adults (596 men, and 479 women) had normoglycemia, and 328 (195 men, and 133 women) had dysglycemia. Following adjustment for age, BMI and waist circumference, in men the weekly intake of 5 portions or more of red meat and Turkish coffee were associated with decreased odds of having dysglycemia odds ratio (OR) 0.444 (95% CI: 0.223, 0.881; P = .02) and 0.387 (95% CI: 0.202, 0.74; P = .004), respectively. In women, the intake of fresh juice 1 to 4 portions per week and 5 portions or more were associated with OR 0.603 (95% CI: 0.369, 0.985; P = .043) and OR 0.511 (95% CI: 0.279, 0.935; P = .029) decreased odds of having dysglycemia, respectively compared with women who did not drink fresh juice. The intake of 5 times or more per week of hibiscus drink was associated with increased odds of having dysglycemia, OR 5.551 (95% CI: 1.576, 19.55, P = .008) compared with women not using such a drink. Other lifestyle factors were not associated with dysglycemia.

Conclusion: Dietary practices by studied Saudis have some impact on risk of dysglycemia, with obvious sex differences.

目的:研究沙特成人饮食习惯和其他生活方式指标与血糖异常的关系。方法:在横断面设计中,从1403名以前未诊断患有糖尿病的沙特成年人(大于或等于20岁)获得数据。人口统计、生活方式变量和饮食习惯使用预先设计的问卷。空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白及1小时口服糖耐量试验检测血糖异常。进行回归分析以确定饮食因素和其他生活方式指标与血糖异常的关系。结果:共有1075名成年人(596名男性,479名女性)血糖正常,328名(195名男性,133名女性)血糖异常。在对年龄、BMI和腰围进行调整后,每周摄入5份或更多红肉和土耳其咖啡的男性患血糖异常的几率降低(or) 0.444 (95% CI: 0.223, 0.881;P = 0.02)和0.387 (95% CI: 0.202, 0.74;P = .004)。在女性中,每周摄入1至4份新鲜果汁和5份或更多的新鲜果汁与or 0.603相关(95% CI: 0.369, 0.985;P = 0.043)和OR 0.511 (95% CI: 0.279, 0.935;P = 0.029)与不喝新鲜果汁的女性相比,分别降低了血糖异常的几率。与不饮用木槿饮料的女性相比,每周饮用5次或以上的木槿饮料与血糖异常的几率增加有关,or为5.551 (95% CI: 1.576, 19.55, P = 0.008)。其他生活方式因素与血糖异常无关。结论:沙特人饮食习惯对血糖异常风险有一定影响,且性别差异明显。
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引用次数: 7
Proteins and Amino Acids Treated with Atmospheric Plasma Show Significantly Increased Bioavailability in Humans. 经大气等离子体处理的蛋白质和氨基酸在人体内的生物利用度显著提高。
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-09-28 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820949239
Matthew H Sharp, Matthew W Stefan, Raad H Gheith, Dallen D Reber, Charlie R Ottinger, Jacob M Wilson, Ryan P Lowery

Background: Muscle mass is an important determinant of metabolic health and physical function. It has previously been demonstrated that the postprandial rise in circulating essential amino acids acts as the main stimulus for muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The current study investigated the postprandial plasma essential amino acid (EAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) responses of (1) Hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (HWPI) compared to plasma treated non-hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (PT-NHWPI), (2) standard branch-chain amino acids (S-BCAA) compared to plasma treated branch-chained amino acids (PT-BCAA), (3) standard pea protein (S-PP), compared to plasma treated pea protein (PT-PP), and (4) HWPI compared to PT-PP.

Methods: Ten subjects (24.6 ± 5.3 years; 178.8 ± 8.1 cm; 78.6 ± 10.1 kg) participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial comparing four separate protein conditions (HWPI, PT-NHWPI, S-PP, PT-PP). A separate cohort of ten subjects (26.4 ± 7.4 years; 178.8 ± 5.9 cm; 85 ± 12.3 kg) participated in a double-blind randomized, crossover trial comparing two branch-chain amino acid conditions: S-BCAA and PT-BCAA. All conditions were administered following a 7-day washout. Plasma EAA and BCAA concentrations were assessed from blood donated by subjects at pre-consumption, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, and 180 minutes post-consumption.

Results: Blood plasma levels of total EAA and BCAA concentration were significantly greater in all treated conditions at 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120 minutes post consumption (P < .05). There were no differences between PT-PP and HWPI.

Discussion: All proteins significantly elevated EAAs, and BCAAs from basal levels. However, we conclude that the consumption of the treated proteins significantly raises blood levels of EAAs, and BCAAs to a greater extent across multiple dairy, vegan, and isolated BCAA conditions. Moreover, atmospheric plasma treatment of a vegan protein source makes its amino acid response similar to whey. Thus, protein supplementation with that has undergone Ingredient Optimized® atmospheric plasma treatment technology may be highly beneficial for improving the blood plasma amino acid response.

背景:肌肉质量是代谢健康和身体机能的重要决定因素。先前已经证明,餐后循环中必需氨基酸的增加是肌肉蛋白质合成(MPS)的主要刺激因素。目前的研究调查了(1)水解分离乳清蛋白(HWPI)与血浆处理的非水解分离乳清蛋白(PT-NHWPI)的餐后血浆必需氨基酸(EAA)和支链氨基酸(BCAA)的反应,(2)标准支链氨基酸(S-BCAA)与血浆处理的支链氨基酸(PT-BCAA)的比较,(3)标准豌豆蛋白(S-PP)与血浆处理的豌豆蛋白(PT-PP)的比较,(4)HWPI与PT-PP的比较。方法:10例(24.6±5.3岁);178.8±8.1 cm;78.6±10.1 kg)参加了一项双盲、随机、交叉试验,比较了四种不同的蛋白质状况(HWPI、PT-NHWPI、S-PP、PT-PP)。一个单独的队列,10名受试者(26.4±7.4岁;178.8±5.9 cm;85±12.3 kg)参加了一项双盲随机交叉试验,比较了S-BCAA和PT-BCAA两种支链氨基酸条件。所有条件均在7天的洗脱期后进行。在消耗前、消耗后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟、120分钟和180分钟对受试者献血的血浆EAA和BCAA浓度进行评估。结果:在摄入后30分钟、60分钟、90分钟和120分钟,所有治疗条件下的血浆总EAA和BCAA浓度水平均显著升高(P讨论:所有蛋白质均显著升高EAA和BCAAs,高于基础水平。然而,我们得出结论,在多种乳制品、素食和分离的BCAA条件下,摄入处理过的蛋白质显著提高了血液中EAAs和BCAAs的水平。此外,大气等离子体处理纯素蛋白源使其氨基酸反应类似于乳清。因此,补充经过Ingredient Optimized®大气血浆处理技术的蛋白质可能对改善血浆氨基酸反应非常有益。
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引用次数: 0
Anemia among School Adolescents in Haramaya Town, Eastern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study. 埃塞俄比亚东部哈拉马亚镇在校青少年的贫血症:横断面研究。
IF 2.3 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-08-28 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820953131
Sagni Girma Fage, Gudina Egata, Yadeta Dessie, Fekede Asefa Kumsa, Biru Abdissa Mizana

Background: Anemia is a condition characterized by reduction in the number of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin concentration. It affects 24.8% of the world population. There is little evidence on burden of anemia among adolescents in low income countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of anemia and factors associated with anemia among school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods: School based cross-sectional study was conducted among 493 school adolescents in Haramaya town during February 1 to 28, 2017. Multi stage cluster sampling technique was used. We collected anthropometric data (weight and height) and hemoglobin level of all study participants. The hemoglobin level was adjusted for altitude. Data were entered into EpiData and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at P < .05.

Results: In this study, the prevalence of anemia was 29.4% [95% CI: (25.6, 33.5)]. Being female adolescent (AOR = 2.31, 95 % CI: [1.51, 3.54]), adolescents attending grades 9th to 10th (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: [1.004, 2.77]), adolescents born to illiterate mothers [AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.02, 4.89)], and low dietary diversity score (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: [1.12, 4.86]) were factors that increased the likelihood of getting anemia.

Conclusion: Anemia among school adolescents was a moderate public health problem in the study area. Being female, lower grade levels (9th to 10th), low dietary diversity score and illiterate maternal educational status increased the likelihood of getting anemia. School based Iron/Folic acid supplementation, nutrition education and promotion of diversified foods consumption should be given attention with particular focus on female adolescents.

背景:贫血是一种以红细胞数量和/或血红蛋白浓度减少为特征的疾病。全世界有 24.8%的人口患有贫血。有关埃塞俄比亚等低收入国家青少年贫血负担的证据很少。因此,本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚东部在校青少年的贫血程度以及与贫血相关的因素:2017年2月1日至28日,对哈拉马亚镇的493名在校青少年进行了基于学校的横断面研究。采用多阶段聚类抽样技术。我们收集了所有研究参与者的人体测量数据(体重和身高)和血红蛋白水平。血红蛋白水平根据海拔高度进行了调整。数据被输入 EpiData,并导出到 SPSS 20 版进行分析。采用逻辑回归模型来确定与贫血相关的因素。统计显著性水平为 P 结果:本研究中,贫血患病率为 29.4% [95% CI: (25.6, 33.5)]。女性青少年(AOR = 2.31,95% CI:[1.51, 3.54])、9 至 10 年级青少年(AOR = 1.66,95% CI:[1.004, 2.77])、文盲母亲所生青少年[AOR = 2.23,95% CI:(1.02, 4.89)]和饮食多样性得分低(AOR = 2.33,95% CI:[1.12, 4.86])是增加贫血可能性的因素:结论:在研究地区,在校青少年贫血是一个中等程度的公共卫生问题。女性、年级较低(9 至 10 年级)、膳食多样性得分较低以及文盲母亲的教育状况增加了患贫血症的可能性。应以学校为基础补充铁/叶酸、开展营养教育和促进多样化食品消费,尤其要关注女性青少年。
{"title":"Anemia among School Adolescents in Haramaya Town, Eastern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Sagni Girma Fage, Gudina Egata, Yadeta Dessie, Fekede Asefa Kumsa, Biru Abdissa Mizana","doi":"10.1177/1178638820953131","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1178638820953131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is a condition characterized by reduction in the number of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin concentration. It affects 24.8% of the world population. There is little evidence on burden of anemia among adolescents in low income countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of anemia and factors associated with anemia among school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>School based cross-sectional study was conducted among 493 school adolescents in Haramaya town during February 1 to 28, 2017. Multi stage cluster sampling technique was used. We collected anthropometric data (weight and height) and hemoglobin level of all study participants. The hemoglobin level was adjusted for altitude. Data were entered into EpiData and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at <i>P</i> < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the prevalence of anemia was 29.4% [95% CI: (25.6, 33.5)]. Being female adolescent (AOR = 2.31, 95 % CI: [1.51, 3.54]), adolescents attending grades 9th to 10th (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: [1.004, 2.77]), adolescents born to illiterate mothers [AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.02, 4.89)], and low dietary diversity score (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: [1.12, 4.86]) were factors that increased the likelihood of getting anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anemia among school adolescents was a moderate public health problem in the study area. Being female, lower grade levels (9th to 10th), low dietary diversity score and illiterate maternal educational status increased the likelihood of getting anemia. School based Iron/Folic acid supplementation, nutrition education and promotion of diversified foods consumption should be given attention with particular focus on female adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178638820953131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/3d/10.1177_1178638820953131.PMC7457681.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38375621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Dietary Intake of Vitamin D on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. 膳食维生素D摄入对妊娠期糖尿病的影响。
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-08-06 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820932164
Alanood Aljanahi, Huda Hadhiah, Wejdan Al-Nasr, Omar Abuzaid, Nourah Al Qahtani, Tunny Sebastian, Reham Metwally

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue that has been reaching epidemic proportions in the recent years. Low intake of some nutrients like vitamin D may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study was to investigate the association between the dietary intake of Vitamin D and GDM among women in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A case-control study was conducted in a sample of 121 women, among those 72 were with GDM and 49 were controls. Vitamin D was estimated using food frequency questionnaire. Also, the 24-h's dietary recall was carried out for 3 days to determine the nutrient intake as well as biochemical analysis for blood glucose level. In this study, GDM subjects were consuming significantly more eggs (P = .040). Vitamin D and vitamin C intakes in GDM and control pregnant women were lower than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). It was also found that low-fat milk, full-fat milk, fortified yogurt, and fortified orange juice were significantly associated with GDM (P < 0.05). Saudi women with GDM need a well-organized dietary counseling before, during pregnancy, and after delivery especially for vitamin D sources.

糖尿病(DM)是一个日益严重的健康问题,近年来已达到流行病的程度。维生素D等营养物质摄入不足可能会增加患妊娠期糖尿病的风险。本研究旨在调查沙特阿拉伯东部地区妇女膳食中维生素D摄入量与GDM之间的关系。在121名女性样本中进行了病例对照研究,其中72名为GDM, 49名为对照组。采用食物频率问卷法测定维生素D含量。24 h日粮召回3 d,测定营养摄取量,生化分析血糖水平。在本研究中,GDM受试者食用的鸡蛋明显更多(P = 0.040)。GDM孕妇和对照组孕妇的维生素D和维生素C摄入量低于推荐膳食摄取量(RDA)。研究还发现,低脂牛奶、全脂牛奶、强化酸奶和强化橙汁与GDM显著相关
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引用次数: 6
Detecting Local Clusters of Under-5 Malnutrition in the Province of Marinduque, Philippines Using Spatial Scan Statistic. 利用空间扫描统计检测菲律宾马林杜克省5岁以下儿童营养不良的局部聚集性
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-07-10 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820940670
Novee Lor C Leyso, Maylin C Palatino

Underweight and overweight among under-5 children continue to persist in the island Province of Marinduque, Philippines. Local spatial cluster detection provides a spatial perspective in understanding this phenomenon, specifically in which areas the double burden of malnutrition occurs. Using data from a province-wide census conducted in 2014-2016, we aimed to identify spatial clusters of different forms of malnutrition in the province and determine its relative risk. Weight-for-age z score was used to categorize the malnourished children into severely underweight, moderately underweight, and overweight. We used the multinomial model of Kulldorff's elliptical spatial scan statistic, adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. Four significant clusters across municipalities of Boac, Buenavista, Gasan, and Torrijos were found to have high risk of overweight and underweight simultaneously, indicating existence of double burden of malnutrition within these communities. These clusters should be targeted with tailored plans to respond to malnutrition, at the same time maximizing the resources and benefits.

在菲律宾马林杜克岛省,5岁以下儿童的体重不足和超重问题继续存在。局部空间聚类检测为理解这一现象提供了空间视角,特别是在发生营养不良双重负担的地区。利用2014-2016年全省人口普查数据,我们旨在确定全省不同形式营养不良的空间集群,并确定其相对风险。体重年龄z评分将营养不良儿童分为严重体重过轻、中度体重过轻和超重。我们使用Kulldorff椭圆空间扫描统计的多项模型,调整了年龄和社会经济地位。在Boac、Buenavista、Gasan和Torrijos市的四个重要集群中发现同时存在超重和体重不足的高风险,表明这些社区存在营养不良的双重负担。应针对这些群组制定有针对性的计划,以应对营养不良,同时最大限度地利用资源和效益。
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引用次数: 7
Effect of Tree Nuts Consumption on Serum Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Individuals: A Systematic Review. 食用树坚果对高脂血症患者血脂的影响:一项系统综述。
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-06-15 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820926521
Mohammad Altamimi, Souzan Zidan, Manal Badrasawi

Many epidemiological studies have regularly connected nuts intake with decreased risk for coronary heart disease. The primary mechanism by which nuts protect against cardiovascular disease is through the improvement of lipid and apolipoprotein profile. Therefore, numerous dietary intervention studies investigated the impact of nut consumption on blood lipid levels. Many studies have shown that nut intake can enhance the lipid profile in a dose-response way among individuals with increased serum lipids. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of nuts on the lipid profile among patients with dyslipidemia from different age groups. A total of 29 interventional studies from 5 databases met the inclusion criteria. In all, 20 studies were randomized controlled clinical trials, whereas 9 were crossover-controlled clinical trials. Participants included in the studies were different in terms of age, sex and, serum lipid profile. The studies were inconsistent in the type of tree nuts, duration, dose, and the nut forms. All studies indicated changes in the lipid profile after the intervention particularly on the total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein. Interventional periods ranged from 3 weeks up to 12 months with doses ranged from 15 to 126 gm. In conclusion, this review provides an evidence of favorable effect of nuts consumption of serum lipid profile.

许多流行病学研究都将坚果摄入与降低冠心病风险联系起来。坚果预防心血管疾病的主要机制是通过改善脂质和载脂蛋白谱。因此,许多饮食干预研究调查了坚果摄入对血脂水平的影响。许多研究表明,坚果的摄入可以提高血脂升高的个体的脂质谱在剂量反应的方式。本系统综述探讨了坚果对不同年龄组血脂异常患者血脂状况的影响。来自5个数据库的29项干预性研究符合纳入标准。其中随机对照临床试验20项,交叉对照临床试验9项。这些研究的参与者在年龄、性别和血脂方面都是不同的。这些研究在树坚果的类型、持续时间、剂量和坚果形式方面不一致。所有研究都表明,干预后血脂谱发生了变化,特别是总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白。干预期为3周至12个月,剂量为15至126克。综上所述,本综述为食用坚果对血脂的有利影响提供了证据。
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引用次数: 10
Relationship of Weight-Related Eating Behaviors and Weight Loss of Participants Enrolled in a Proprietary Weight Loss Program. 体重相关的饮食行为和减肥的参与者参加一个专有的减肥计划的关系。
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-06-15 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820928413
Megan Block, Kendra K Kattelmann, Jessica Meendering, Lacey McCormack

Background: There is a need for improving long-term success in meal replacement programs and identifying the variables that affect weight loss and maintenance in a proprietary weight loss program that includes health coaching. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate weight-related eating behaviors of participants with clinically significant weight loss (CSWL) in a proprietary weight loss program. Study Design, Setting, and Participants: A cross-sectional sample of participants (n=1,454) enrolled in a proprietary weight-loss program that includes meal replacements and health coaching were queried via an on-line survey for weight-related eating behaviors and weight history. Main Outcome Measures and Analysis: Weight-related eating behaviors of routine restraint (RR), compensatory restraint (CR), susceptibility to external cues (SEC), and emotional eating (EE) were assessed using the Weight Related Eating Questionnaire. CSWL was defined as having achieved a weight loss greater than 10% of starting weight. Participants were dichotomized into those with CSWL (n=973) and with no CSWL (n=481). The relationship between CSWL (controlling for age and sex) as the dependent variable and weight-related eating behaviors (RR, CR, SEC, and EE) as the independent variables was assessed using logistic regression (Stata/SE 14). Results: Those with CSWL have higher odds of having RR (OR: 1.3, p<0.05) and CR (OR: 1.1, p<0.05) and lower odds of SEC (OR: 0.7, p<0.05) and EE (OR: 0.8, p<0.05) eating behaviors than those without CSWL. Conclusions: Weight-related eating behaviors of participants in proprietary meal replacement weight-loss programs who have successfully lost weight differ compared to those who have not. Knowledge of the relationship between CSWL and weight-related eating behaviors can be used by coaches to assist participants in reinforcing those behaviors that support weight-loss. These results are limited to participants who self-select for proprietary meal-replacement weight-loss programs and cannot be generalized to other weight-loss or maintenance programs.

背景:有必要提高代餐计划的长期成功,并在包括健康指导在内的专有减肥计划中确定影响体重减轻和维持的变量。目的:本研究的目的是评估临床显著体重减轻(CSWL)参与者在专有减肥计划中的体重相关饮食行为。研究设计、设置和参与者:参与者的横断面样本(n= 1454)参加了一个专有的减肥计划,包括代餐和健康指导,通过在线调查询问与体重相关的饮食行为和体重史。主要结果测量与分析:采用体重相关饮食问卷对体重相关饮食行为进行常规限制(RR)、代偿限制(CR)、外部线索敏感性(SEC)和情绪性饮食(EE)的评估。CSWL被定义为体重减轻超过起始体重的10%。参与者被分为有CSWL (n=973)和无CSWL (n=481)。采用logistic回归(Stata/SE 14)评估CSWL(控制年龄和性别)作为因变量与体重相关饮食行为(RR、CR、SEC和EE)作为自变量之间的关系。结果:CSWL患者有更高的RR (OR: 1.3)。结论:在专有的代餐减肥计划中,成功减肥的参与者与未成功减肥的参与者相比,体重相关的饮食行为有所不同。教练可以利用CSWL与体重相关饮食行为之间关系的知识来帮助参与者加强那些有助于减肥的行为。这些结果仅限于自行选择专有膳食替代减肥计划的参与者,不能推广到其他减肥或维持计划。
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引用次数: 0
Is Energy Delivery Guided by Indirect Calorimetry Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 间接量热法指导的能量输送与危重患者临床预后改善相关吗?系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-03-19 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820903295
Oana A Tatucu-Babet, Kate Fetterplace, Kate Lambell, Eliza Miller, Adam M Deane, Emma J Ridley

Background: Indirect calorimetry (IC) is recommended to guide energy delivery over predictive equations in critical illness due to its precision. However, the impact of using IC to measure energy expenditure on clinical outcomes is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate whether using IC to measure energy expenditure to inform energy delivery reduced hospital mortality and improved other important outcomes compared to using predictive equations in critically ill adults.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies using IC to guide energy delivery compared to a predictive equation in adult critically ill patients with the primary outcome (hospital mortality) or any of the secondary outcomes reported (including but not limited to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and duration mechanical ventilation (MV). Risk of bias within studies was assessed using the Cochrane "Risk of Bias" 1 tool. Random-effect meta-analyses were used when heterogeneity between studies existed (I2 > 50%). Data are reported as median (interquartile range [IQR]), binomial outcomes as odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and continuous outcomes as mean difference (MD).

Results: Of 4060 articles, 4 randomized controlled trials were identified with 396 patients included in analysis. Three studies were considered low risk of bias and 1 as high risk. Two studies reported hospital mortality (n = 130 and 40 participants, respectively). When combined, no association between IC-guided energy delivery and hospital mortality was found (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.25, 2.67], P = 0.73, I2 = 52). No differences were reported with ICU mortality and hospital LOS between groups, but ICU LOS and duration of MV varied across all studies. According to the meta-analysis, no differences were observed in ICU LOS (MD = 1.39, 95% CI = [-5.01, 7.79], P = 0.67, I2 = 81%), although the duration of MV was increased when energy delivery was guided by IC (MD = 2.01, 95% CI = [0.45, 3.57], P = 0.01, I2 = 26%). In all 4 studies, prescribed energy targets were more closely met when energy delivery was informed by IC compared to a predictive equation. Three studies reported the percentage delivered versus the prescribed energy target, with the median (IQR) delta between the IC and predictive equation arms 19% (10%-32%).

Conclusion: Limited data exist to assess the impact of using IC to inform energy delivery in comparison to predictive equations on hospital mortality. The association of IC use with other important outcomes, including duration of MV, needs to be further explored before definitive conclusions can be made.

背景:由于间接量热法(IC)的精确性,它被推荐用于指导危重疾病的能量输送。然而,使用IC测量能量消耗对临床结果的影响是不确定的。目的:评估在危重成人中,与使用预测方程相比,使用IC测量能量消耗以告知能量输送是否降低了医院死亡率并改善了其他重要结果。方法:按照系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目进行系统文献综述。Medline, Embase, CINAHL和Cochrane图书馆检索了使用IC指导能量输送的研究,并将其与具有主要结局(住院死亡率)或任何报告的次要结局(包括但不限于医院和重症监护病房(ICU)住院时间(LOS)和机械通气时间(MV)的成年危重患者的预测方程进行了比较。使用Cochrane“偏倚风险”工具评估研究中的偏倚风险。当研究间存在异质性(I2 > 50%)时,采用随机效应荟萃分析。数据以中位数(四分位间距[IQR])报告,以比值比(OR)、95%置信区间(CI)报告二项结果,以平均差(MD)报告连续结果。结果:在4060篇文章中,纳入4项随机对照试验,396例患者纳入分析。3项研究被认为是低风险偏倚,1项研究被认为是高风险偏倚。两项研究报告了住院死亡率(n = 130和40名参与者分别)。综合使用时,ic引导能量输送与住院死亡率无关联(OR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.25, 2.67], P = 0.73, I2 = 52)。ICU死亡率和住院时间在两组间无差异,但ICU时间和MV持续时间在所有研究中均有差异。meta分析显示,ICU的LOS无差异(MD = 1.39, 95% CI = [-5.01, 7.79], P = 0.67, I2 = 81%),但在IC引导下,MV持续时间增加(MD = 2.01, 95% CI = [0.45, 3.57], P = 0.01, I2 = 26%)。在所有4项研究中,与预测方程相比,当能源交付由IC通知时,规定的能源目标更接近于实现。三项研究报告了与规定能量目标相比的交付百分比,IC和预测方程之间的中位数(IQR) δ为19%(10%-32%)。结论:现有有限的数据来评估使用IC来告知能量输送与预测方程对医院死亡率的影响。在得出明确的结论之前,需要进一步探讨IC使用与其他重要结果(包括MV持续时间)的关系。
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引用次数: 16
Social Network Intervention Reduces Added Sugar Intake Among Baltimore Public Housing Residents: A Feasibility Study. 社会网络干预减少巴尔的摩公共住房居民添加糖摄入量:一项可行性研究。
IF 1.7 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2020-03-02 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1178638820909329
Kimberly A Gudzune, Onumara Opara, Jonathan C Martinez, Ruchi S Doshi, David M Levine, Carl A Latkin, Jeanne M Clark

Public housing residents have high intake of added sugars, which is associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in their social networks. In this feasibility study, we designed and tested a network-oriented intervention to decrease added sugar intake by encouraging reduced SSB consumption. We conducted a 6-month single-arm trial testing a small-group curriculum (9 sessions) that combined behavior change strategies to reduce added sugar intake by promoting SSB reduction with a peer outreach approach. We recruited and trained public housing residents to be "Peer Educators," who then communicated information and made changes to reduce SSB with their network members. We calculated the median number of group sessions attended and determined the percentage of individuals satisfied with the program. We estimated added sugar intake using a 5-factor dietary screener and compared baseline and 6-month median values using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. We recruited 17 residents and 17 of their network members (n = 34). Mean age was 45.7 years, 79.4% were women, and 97.1% were African American. Median number of sessions attended was 9 (interquartile range: 4-9), and 88.2% were very satisfied with the program. Overall, baseline median added sugar intake was 38.0 tsp/day, which significantly declined to 17.2 tsp/day at 6 months (P < .001). Residents and network members achieved similar results at 6 months (17.4 vs 16.9 tsp/day, respectively). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a social network intervention aimed at reducing SSB consumption is feasible and can produce significant decreases in adult added sugar intake, which warrants further investigation in a randomized controlled trial.

公屋居民的添加糖摄入量较高,这与他们在社交网络中摄入含糖饮料(SSB)有关。在这项可行性研究中,我们设计并测试了一种以网络为导向的干预措施,通过鼓励减少SSB的摄入来减少添加糖的摄入量。我们进行了一项为期6个月的单臂试验,测试了一个小组课程(9次),该课程结合了行为改变策略,通过促进减少SSB和同伴外展方法来减少添加糖的摄入量。我们招募并培训公共住房居民成为“同伴教育者”,然后他们与他们的网络成员沟通信息并做出改变以减少SSB。我们计算了参加小组会议的中位数,并确定了对该计划满意的个人百分比。我们使用5因素饮食筛选法估计添加糖摄入量,并使用Wilcoxon签名秩检验比较基线值和6个月中位数。我们招募了17名住院医师和17名他们的网络成员(n = 34)。平均年龄45.7岁,79.4%为女性,97.1%为非洲裔美国人。参加会议的中位数为9次(四分位数范围:4-9),88.2%的人对该计划非常满意。总体而言,基线中位数添加糖摄入量为38.0茶匙/天,在6个月时显著下降至17.2茶匙/天(P
{"title":"Social Network Intervention Reduces Added Sugar Intake Among Baltimore Public Housing Residents: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Kimberly A Gudzune,&nbsp;Onumara Opara,&nbsp;Jonathan C Martinez,&nbsp;Ruchi S Doshi,&nbsp;David M Levine,&nbsp;Carl A Latkin,&nbsp;Jeanne M Clark","doi":"10.1177/1178638820909329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178638820909329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public housing residents have high intake of added sugars, which is associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in their social networks. In this feasibility study, we designed and tested a network-oriented intervention to decrease added sugar intake by encouraging reduced SSB consumption. We conducted a 6-month single-arm trial testing a small-group curriculum (9 sessions) that combined behavior change strategies to reduce added sugar intake by promoting SSB reduction with a peer outreach approach. We recruited and trained public housing residents to be \"Peer Educators,\" who then communicated information and made changes to reduce SSB with their network members. We calculated the median number of group sessions attended and determined the percentage of individuals satisfied with the program. We estimated added sugar intake using a 5-factor dietary screener and compared baseline and 6-month median values using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. We recruited 17 residents and 17 of their network members (n = 34). Mean age was 45.7 years, 79.4% were women, and 97.1% were African American. Median number of sessions attended was 9 (interquartile range: 4-9), and 88.2% were very satisfied with the program. Overall, baseline median added sugar intake was 38.0 tsp/day, which significantly declined to 17.2 tsp/day at 6 months (<i>P</i> < .001). Residents and network members achieved similar results at 6 months (17.4 vs 16.9 tsp/day, respectively). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that a social network intervention aimed at reducing SSB consumption is feasible and can produce significant decreases in adult added sugar intake, which warrants further investigation in a randomized controlled trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":19396,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Insights","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178638820909329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178638820909329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37732526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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Nutrition and Metabolic Insights
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