Nutritional Neuroscience最新文献

Diet can regulate systemic inflammation, which may play an important role in the development and progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. To explore the relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and cognitive ability. A total of 2307 adults aged 60 years or older were recruited from the Fujian Provincial Hospital (Fujian, China). Dietary inflammatory properties were analyzed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were fit to assess the associations between variables. The MCI subjects with the highest E-DII scores had a higher risk of AD compared to subjects with the lowest E-DII scores (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.49-2.64, P for trend < 0.001). Subjects with the highest E-DII levels were at increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those with the lowest E-DII levels (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.25-1.93, P for trend < 0.001). The link between E-DII and cognitive impairment was significant in a nonlinear dose response analysis (P for nonlinear = 0.001). Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of developing AD or cognitive impairment. These findings may contribute to the effective prevention of cognitive impairment by constructing a multidisciplinary synergistic prevention strategy and controlling dietary inflammation levels.

Background: To comprehensively assess the neurologic recovery potential of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for animal experiments that evaluated the use of ChABC in the treatment of SCI up to November 2022. Studies reporting neurological function using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, as well as assessments of cavity area, lesion area, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, were included in the analysis.

Results: A total of 46 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion. The results of the study showed that rats with SCI that received ChABC therapy exhibited a significant improvement in locomotor function after 7 days compared with controls (32 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.58, [0.33, 0.83], p < 0.00001). Furthermore, the benefits of ChABC therapy were maintained for up to 28 days according to BBB scale. The lesion area was reduced by ChABC (5 studies, WMD = -20.94, [-28.42, -13.46], p < 0.00001). Meanwhile, GFAP levels were reduced in the ChABC treatment group (8 studies, WMD = -29.15, [-41.57, -16.72], p < 0.00001). Cavity area is not statistically significant. The subgroup analysis recommended that a single injection of 10 μL (8 studies, WMD = 2.82, [1.99, 3.65], p < 0.00001) or 20 U/mL (4 studies, WMD = 2.21, [0.73, 3.70], p = 0.003) had a better effect on improving the function. The funnel plot of the BBB scale was found to be essentially symmetrical, indicating a low risk of publication bias.

Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis has indicated that ChABC could improve functional recovery in rats after SCI.

Objective: The Manihot esculenta Crantz (Cassava) is a typical South American plant rich in nutrients and energetic compounds. Lately, our group has shown that non-pharmacological interventions with natural antioxidants present different neuroprotective effects on oxidative balance and memory deficits in AD-like animal models. Here, our objective was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Cassava leaves' extract (CAS) in an AD-like model induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) 25-35 peptide.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40; 60 days old) were subjected to 10 days of CAS supplementation; then, we injected 2 μL Aβ 25-35 in the hippocampus by stereotaxic surgery. Ten days later, we evaluated object recognition (OR) memory. Cassavas' total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins content were measured, as well as hippocampal lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity.

Results: CAS protected against Aβ-induced OR memory deficits. In addition, Aβ promoted antioxidant capacity decrease, while CAS was able to prevent it, in addition to diminishing lipoperoxidation compared to Aβ.

Discussion: We show that treatment with Cassava leaves' extract before AD induction prevents recognition memory deficits related to Aβ hippocampal injection. At least part of these effects can be related to the Cassava leaves' extract supplementation effects on diminishing lipid peroxidation and preventing a decrease in the hippocampal total antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus of AD-like animals without adverse effects. Once cassavais a plant of warm and dry ground that can adapt to growon various soil types and seems to resist several insects, our results enable Cassava to be considered asa potential preventive intervention to avoid or minimizeAD-induced memory deficits worldwide.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D and sleep health and to investigate whether depression could mediate this relationship.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the 2005-2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate association of serum vitamin D concentrations with sleep health and depression. Mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the mediated effects of depression on the association of vitamin D with sleep health.

Results: In multivariate logistic models, vitamin D was found to be negatively associated with an increased risk of poor sleep health, with an odds ratio (OR) of vitamin D deficiency versus sufficiency was 1.256 (95% CI = 1.084-1.455). Additionally, univariate logistic models showed that vitamin D was also negatively associated with depression risk (vitamin D deficiency vs. sufficiency: OR = 1.699, 95% CI = (1.373-2.103). Further mediation analyses showed that the association of vitamin D with sleep health was mediated by depression, with the mediating effects of depression accounted for 44.56% of the total effects.

Conclusion: Vitamin D affects sleep health directly and indirectly through depression. The results suggest that interventions increasing intake of vitamin D should be prioritized to promote sleep health of persons with or at risk of depression.

Background: The effect of an intervention based on Mediterranean diet on reducing recurrence risk or subsyndromal depressive symptoms in recovered depressed patients has not been explored.

Methods: The PREDIDEP study was a two-year randomized trial designed to assess the effect of the Mediterranean Diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil on depression recurrence. At baseline and at four, eight, 16, 20, and 24 months of follow-up, depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Beck Depression inventory. Cox regression analysis was fitted to assess the role of dietary intervention on the risk of depression recurrence. Mixed effects linear models were used to assess changes in depressive subsyndromal symptoms according to the intervention.

Results: After two years of intervention, the dietary intervention group (n = 103) compared to the control group (n = 93) showed no differences regarding depression recurrence risk as main outcome. As secondary outcomes, an improvement of depressive symptoms was yielded at four (-2.15; 95% CI = -4.00 to -0.29) and eight months (-2.42; 95% CI = -4.17 to -0.67) in the intervention group, with no changes in control group. Moreover, at 20 months, significant differences were found between groups (-3.35; 95% CI = -6.08 to -0.61).

Conclusions: An intervention with Mediterranean diet in patients with previous depressive episodes might contribute to the reduction of depressive subsyndromal symptoms.

Introduction: A healthy daily diet and consuming certain nutrients, such as polyphenols, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids, may help neuronal health maintenance. Polyphenolic chemicals, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are involved in the neuroprotective pathway. Because of their nutritional value, nuts have been shown in recent research to be helpful in neuroprotection.

Objective: Hazelnut is often consumed worldwide in various items, including processed foods, particularly in bakery, chocolate, and confectionery products. This nut is an excellent source of vitamins, amino acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, polyphenols, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. Consuming hazelnut may attenuate the risk of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities.

Results: Many documents introduce hazelnut as an excellent choice to provide neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disorders and there is some direct proof of its neuroprotective effects.

Discussion: So hazelnut consumption in daily diet may reduce neurodegenerative disease risk and be advantageous in reducing the imposed costs of dealing with neurodegenerative diseases.

Objectives: Diet is an important target for primary prevention of stroke. There are mixed findings on the relationship between dietary fat intake and stroke. We aimed to investigate the relationship of stroke with fats, including total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).

Methods: We analysed data on 27,673 participants who had valid data on dietary fat intake and history of stroke from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. History of stroke was defined according to previous diagnosis by doctors or other health professional. Data on 24-h dietary recalls was collected using Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, total calories, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity were adjusted in multivariable models.

Results: 3.8% (n = 1,054) of participants had a diagnosis of stroke. History of stroke was inversely associated with total fat (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79-0.99, P = 0.037), SFA (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23-0.91) and MUFA (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02-0.38, P = 0.002) from supplements. There was an inverse association between history of stroke and PUFA intake (from diet: quartile 4 vs quartile 1, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43-0.78, P for trend = 0.003; from supplements: OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27-0.72, P = 0.001).

Conclusions: In this large-scale nationally representative study, stroke is inversely associated with fat intake from supplements and PUFA intake from diet. While lifestyle choices may not be the most vital health factor for stroke patients, increasing fat intake from specific supplements does provide additional motivation for undertaking the difficult challenge of stroke prevention.

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in children. Evidence regarding the impact of probiotics supplementation in ADHD children is limited and controversial. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy with Ritalin among ADHD children and adolescents.

Methods: This study was a triple-blind, randomized controlled trial of 60 Iranian ADHD patients aged four to sixteen. The participants were randomly assigned to receive probiotics supplements containing both Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1896™ (A7) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis (BB-12®) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 8 weeks. ADHD symptoms were assessed using Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT) at baseline and during the study.

Results: This study showed a significant decrease in the CPRS total score after 4 weeks of intervention in the probiotic group (baseline: 43.96 ± 21.52; fourth week: 37.22 ± 23.01; p = 0.01). However, no significant finding was found for the total score of the CPRS after 8 weeks. Moreover, at the end of the study, a significant increase was observed in score of auditory response control in the probiotic versus the placebo group (probiotic: 91.55 ± 16.69; placebo: 80.55 ± 17.43; p = 0.02).

Conclusions: Probiotics supplementation with Ritalin may have some beneficial effects among ADHD children and adolescents, such as improving auditory response control and total score of CPRS. However, further clinical trials are required to clarify the impact of probiotics on ADHD.

Throughout history, various cultures have recognized the significance of insects and have integrated them into traditional medicinal practices. In addition to medicines, insects are garnering attention as a sustainable and nutritious dietary alternative. Although edible insects have long been recognized as food sources in many Asian cultures, recent scientific studies have highlighted their potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in the field of neuroprotection. This review explores insect-derived extracts and peptides, elucidating their neuroprotective potential. This review highlights the potential use of insects as a source of neuroprotective agents. Advancements in neuroprotection may find a key ally in insects as our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between insects and human health becomes more profound.

Accumulating evidence proves that children with autism have gastrointestinal problems. However, a significant difference in gut microbiota (GM) exists between autistic and non-autistic children. These changes in the GM may stem from several factors. Recently, researchers focused on nutritional factors, especially vitamin deficiency. Thus, our systematic review investigates the connections among autism, GM alterations, and vitamin A deficiency (VAD), by analyzing studies sourced from PubMed and Embase databases spanning from 2010 to 2022. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we meticulously selected 19 pertinent studies that established links between autism and GM changes or between autism and VAD. Our findings uniformly point to significant alterations in the GM of individuals with autism, indicating these changes as promising biomarkers for the disorder. Despite the consistent association of GM alterations with autism, our analysis revealed no notable differences in GM composition between individuals with autism and those experiencing VAD. This suggests that VAD, especially when encountered early in life, might play a role in the onset of autism. Furthermore, our review underscores a distinct correlation between reduced levels of retinoic acid in children with autism, a disparity that could relate to the severity of autism symptoms. The implications of our findings are twofold: they not only reinforce the significance of GM alterations as potential diagnostic markers but also spotlight the critical need for further research into nutritional interventions. Specifically, vitamin A supplementation emerges as a promising avenue for alleviating autism symptoms, warranting deeper investigation into its therapeutic potential.