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Developmental Outcomes after Opioid Exposure in the Fetus and Neonate. 胎儿和新生儿接触阿片类药物后的发育结果
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-6-e325
Jeanette Fong, Juanita Lewis, Melanie Lam, Kalpashri Kesavan

The overall prevalence of opiate use has been increasing, currently affecting approximately 0.6% of the global population and resulting in a significant proportion of infants being born with prenatal opioid exposure. Animal and human models of prenatal opioid exposure demonstrate detrimental effects on brain anatomy as well as neurodevelopment. Less is known about the neurologic sequelae of postnatal opioid exposure in hospitalized infants. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the impact of prenatal and postnatal opioid exposure on the brain and on neurodevelopment outcomes. We also identify resources and management strategies that may help mitigate neurodevelopmental delays and deficits associated with opioid exposure in this vulnerable population.

使用阿片类药物的总体流行率一直在上升，目前约占全球人口的 0.6%，导致相当一部分婴儿在出生前接触过阿片类药物。产前接触阿片类药物的动物模型和人体模型均显示出对大脑解剖结构和神经发育的不利影响。而对于住院婴儿产后接触阿片类药物后的神经系统后遗症，目前还知之甚少。在本综述中，我们总结了目前对产前和产后阿片类药物暴露对大脑和神经发育结果的影响的认识。我们还确定了一些资源和管理策略，这些资源和策略可能有助于减轻这一弱势群体因接触阿片类药物而导致的神经发育迟缓和缺陷。
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引用次数: 0
A Growth-Restricted Neonate with Abnormal Facies and Lax Skin. 一个生长受限的新生儿，面容异常，皮肤松弛。
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e286
S Jyothi, R R Prashanth, Sruthi Nair, Anitha Haribalakrishna
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引用次数: 0
Neonatal Osteomyelitis. 新生儿骨髓炎
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e265
Saivaroon Gajagowni, Amruta Padhye

Osteomyelitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition affecting the skeletal system of newborns. The condition is relatively rare in neonates but occurs at higher rates in high-risk pregnancies, in preterm infants, and with the use of invasive devices. As a result of the anatomy and immature immune system of newborns, neonates differ in presentation, diagnosis, and management of osteomyelitis compared to patients of other age groups. An understanding of these differences will assist clinicians in the prompt diagnosis and management of this neonatal infection and lead to improved long-term outcomes.

骨髓炎是一种影响新生儿骨骼系统的严重疾病，有可能危及生命。这种疾病在新生儿中相对罕见，但在高危妊娠、早产儿和使用侵入性设备时发生率较高。由于新生儿的解剖结构和不成熟的免疫系统，新生儿在骨髓炎的表现、诊断和治疗方面与其他年龄组的患者有所不同。了解这些差异将有助于临床医生及时诊断和处理这种新生儿感染，并改善长期预后。
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引用次数: 0
Nosocomial Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. 新生儿重症监护室的非社会性感染。
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e254
Daisy Marty, Kirsten Sorum, Kevin Smith, Pamela Nicoski, Ban Al Sayyed, Sachin Amin

Nosocomial infections are relatively common in the NICU. These infections increase morbidity and mortality, particularly in the smallest and most fragile infants. The impact of these infections on long-term outcomes and health-care costs is devastating. Worldwide efforts to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections have focused on implementing specific prevention protocols such as handwashing, central line teams, care bundles, and antimicrobial stewardship. This review summarizes common nosocomial infections in patients in the NICU.

非医院感染在新生儿重症监护室比较常见。这些感染会增加发病率和死亡率，尤其是最小和最脆弱的婴儿。这些感染对长期疗效和医疗成本的影响是毁灭性的。世界范围内为降低院内感染发生率所做的努力主要集中在实施特定的预防方案上，如洗手、中心管路团队、护理捆绑和抗菌药物管理。本综述总结了新生儿重症监护病房患者常见的院内感染。
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引用次数: 0
A Newborn with Blueberry Muffin Lesions. 患有蓝莓松饼病变的新生儿
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e299
Steven D Ham, Pooja Desai, Sara Wertenteil, Carolyn Fein Levy
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引用次数: 0
A Case of Neonatal Encephalopathy. 一例新生儿脑病。
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e290
Sreetama Das, Somnath Pal, Ashadur Zamal, Anindya Kumar Saha
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引用次数: 0
Unsettling Common Sense Assumptions about Intimate Partner Violence in the NICU. 打破关于新生儿重症监护室亲密伴侣暴力的常识性假设。
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e245
Susanne Klawetter, Stéphanie Wahab, Ladawna Gievers

NICU clinicians strive to provide family-centered care and often encounter complex and ethical challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that NICU clinicians likely interact with families experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). However, little research and training exists to guide NICU clinicians in their thinking and practice in the midst of IPV. In this review, we use a structural violence framework to engage in a critical analysis of commonly held assumptions about IPV. These assumptions include an overreliance on binaries including male-female and offender-victim, the belief that people need to be rescued, prioritization of physical safety, and the notion that mandatory reporting helps families who experience violence. By reexamining these assumptions, this review guides NICU clinicians to consider alternatives to carceral and punitive responses to IPV, such as transformative justice and reflexive engagement.

新生儿重症监护室的临床医生努力提供以家庭为中心的护理，并经常遇到复杂的伦理挑战。新的证据表明，新生儿重症监护室的临床医生可能会与遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的家庭发生互动。然而，很少有研究和培训可以指导新生儿重症监护室临床医生在 IPV 情况下的思考和实践。在本综述中，我们使用了结构性暴力框架，对有关 IPV 的常见假设进行了批判性分析。这些假设包括过度依赖二元对立，包括男性-女性和犯罪者-受害者，认为人们需要被拯救，优先考虑人身安全，以及认为强制报告有助于遭受暴力的家庭。通过重新审视这些假设，本综述引导新生儿重症监护室的临床医生考虑对 IPV 采取非监禁和惩罚性的应对措施，如变革性正义和反思性参与。
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引用次数: 0
Severe Influenza in Pregnancy: Neonatal Implications. 妊娠期严重流感：对新生儿的影响。
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e295
Akosua Y Oppong, Brett C Young, Chi-Fong Wang
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引用次数: 0
Two Growth-Restricted Fetuses with Severe Microcephaly and Neurologic Abnormalities. 两个发育受限的胎儿患有严重的小头畸形和神经系统异常。
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e303
William Z M Li, Dara Brodsky, Judy Estroff, Cynthia Hayne, Kelly McCullagh
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引用次数: 0
Follow-up of a Term Infant with Congenital Hypothyroidism. 随访一名患有先天性甲状腺功能减退症的足月婴儿
Q2 Medicine
NeoReviews
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-5-e312
Brian B Graziose, Brittany C Flemming, Elizabeth V Schulz, Charles L Groomes
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引用次数: 0
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