Fetal/neonatal autopsy remains a cornerstone in the evaluation of perinatal losses, offering valuable insights into the causes of death. Couples may decline fetal/neonatal autopsy because of emotional distress, a wish to preserve their child's physical integrity, or cultural and religious beliefs, including body sanctity and burial traditions. Virtual autopsy, also known as virtopsy, has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative to traditional autopsy techniques. However, the lack of standardized protocols limits their widespread adoption and comparability across studies. In this review, we aim to explore the current state of virtual autopsy techniques, emphasizing their utility in fetal and neonatal pathology. Key challenges include imaging parameters, data interpretation, and integration with clinical findings. These are highlighted. Furthermore, we propose a framework for developing standardized virtual autopsy protocols to improve reproducibility. By addressing these gaps, this review aims to contribute to the establishment of best practices, ultimately advancing the field of fetal and perinatal pathology.
{"title":"Virtual Autopsy in Perinatal Pathology: Current Practices and the Need for Standardization.","authors":"Mishu Mangla, Seetu Palo, Rohini Motwani, Annapurna Srirambhatla, Naina Kumar","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal/neonatal autopsy remains a cornerstone in the evaluation of perinatal losses, offering valuable insights into the causes of death. Couples may decline fetal/neonatal autopsy because of emotional distress, a wish to preserve their child's physical integrity, or cultural and religious beliefs, including body sanctity and burial traditions. Virtual autopsy, also known as virtopsy, has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative to traditional autopsy techniques. However, the lack of standardized protocols limits their widespread adoption and comparability across studies. In this review, we aim to explore the current state of virtual autopsy techniques, emphasizing their utility in fetal and neonatal pathology. Key challenges include imaging parameters, data interpretation, and integration with clinical findings. These are highlighted. Furthermore, we propose a framework for developing standardized virtual autopsy protocols to improve reproducibility. By addressing these gaps, this review aims to contribute to the establishment of best practices, ultimately advancing the field of fetal and perinatal pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e524-e534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amee Amin, Scott Osborne, Geoffrey A Preidis, Sharada H Gowda
{"title":"Acute Liver Failure in a Neonate.","authors":"Amee Amin, Scott Osborne, Geoffrey A Preidis, Sharada H Gowda","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e560-e563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracheobronchomalacia in an Infant With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.","authors":"Gangaram Akangire, Karishma Rao, Addie Begley, Charisse Lachica, Winston Manimtim","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e587-e594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Beverstock, Pamela M Ketwaroo, Michelle H Lucena
{"title":"Preterm Newborn With Blue Abdominal Discoloration on the First Newborn Day.","authors":"Andrew Beverstock, Pamela M Ketwaroo, Michelle H Lucena","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e573-e577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Postpartum mood disorders including depression and psychosis are well documented conditions. However, new-onset psychosis in pregnancy is less common and less well studied with fewer reports available.
Clinical case: A 36-year-old Gravida 6 Para 3113, non-English-speaking patient with no known history of mood disorder outside of pregnancy presented for her scheduled repeat cesarean delivery and was diagnosed with new-onset peripartum psychosis. She was admitted to the antepartum service and underwent an extensive workup to rule out organic causes, which all returned negative results. The patient was initially medically managed, and her mental status improved to where she was able to assent for her cesarean delivery while consent was obtained from the patient's next of kin. After delivery the patient and neonate continued to be managed with an interdisciplinary team to ensure the safety of mother and child. The neonate was transferred to the newborn nursey with supervised visits with the patient and was ultimately discharged home with the father. The patient was managed inpatient on the postpartum floor; however, she ultimately required transfer to an inpatient psychiatry unit where she received higher-level psychiatric care until she improved and was cleared to go home with close outpatient follow-up.
Conclusion: This is one of the few published cases of new-onset psychosis in pregnancy. It highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns in our patients as well as the vital interdisciplinary team management to ensure the safety of our patients and their families. The paucity of data around these presentations is notable and there exists an opportunity for further investigation into mental health and reproductive psychiatry to help improve outcomes.
背景：产后情绪障碍包括抑郁症和精神病是有充分记录的情况。然而，妊娠期新发精神病较少见，研究也较少，报告也较少。临床病例：36岁，妊娠期6 Para 3113，非英语患者，孕期外无情绪障碍病史，于原计划再次剖宫产就诊，诊断为新发围产期精神病。她住进了产前服务，并进行了广泛的检查，以排除器质性原因，所有的结果都是阴性的。患者最初接受了医学治疗，她的精神状况得到改善，在征得患者近亲同意的情况下，她能够同意剖宫产。分娩后，患者和新生儿继续由一个跨学科的团队进行管理，以确保母婴的安全。新生儿被转移到新生儿护理室，并与患者进行了监督访问，最终与父亲一起出院回家。患者在产后楼层进行住院治疗；然而，她最终需要转移到住院精神科，在那里她接受更高水平的精神科治疗，直到她好转，并被允许回家进行密切的门诊随访。结论：这是少数已发表的妊娠期新发精神病病例之一。它强调了解决患者心理健康问题的重要性，以及至关重要的跨学科团队管理，以确保患者及其家属的安全。值得注意的是，关于这些报告的数据缺乏，存在进一步调查心理健康和生殖精神病学以帮助改善结果的机会。
{"title":"Psychosis in Pregnancy and the Neonatal Ripple Effect.","authors":"Alyssa Yeung, Deepthisri Suresh, Carly Hirschberg","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum mood disorders including depression and psychosis are well documented conditions. However, new-onset psychosis in pregnancy is less common and less well studied with fewer reports available.</p><p><strong>Clinical case: </strong>A 36-year-old Gravida 6 Para 3113, non-English-speaking patient with no known history of mood disorder outside of pregnancy presented for her scheduled repeat cesarean delivery and was diagnosed with new-onset peripartum psychosis. She was admitted to the antepartum service and underwent an extensive workup to rule out organic causes, which all returned negative results. The patient was initially medically managed, and her mental status improved to where she was able to assent for her cesarean delivery while consent was obtained from the patient's next of kin. After delivery the patient and neonate continued to be managed with an interdisciplinary team to ensure the safety of mother and child. The neonate was transferred to the newborn nursey with supervised visits with the patient and was ultimately discharged home with the father. The patient was managed inpatient on the postpartum floor; however, she ultimately required transfer to an inpatient psychiatry unit where she received higher-level psychiatric care until she improved and was cleared to go home with close outpatient follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is one of the few published cases of new-onset psychosis in pregnancy. It highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns in our patients as well as the vital interdisciplinary team management to ensure the safety of our patients and their families. The paucity of data around these presentations is notable and there exists an opportunity for further investigation into mental health and reproductive psychiatry to help improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e568-e572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mother's own milk is the preferred enteral nutrition in preterm infants. When this is not available, pasteurized human donor milk is a good alternative. In this review, we summarize the process of procuring and pasteurizing donor milk. We also describe how this process can impact the nutritional and bioactive components of human milk.
{"title":"Human Milk Banking and Donor Milk: Effect on Growth and Nutrition in the NICU.","authors":"Kimberly Mannebach, Jennifer Hanford","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mother's own milk is the preferred enteral nutrition in preterm infants. When this is not available, pasteurized human donor milk is a good alternative. In this review, we summarize the process of procuring and pasteurizing donor milk. We also describe how this process can impact the nutritional and bioactive components of human milk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e535-e546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander L Crider, Pamela Nicoski, Amanda Hyerdall, Madhavi Singhal, Sachin Amin
{"title":"Protein Requirements in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Alexander L Crider, Pamela Nicoski, Amanda Hyerdall, Madhavi Singhal, Sachin Amin","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-8-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-8-043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 8","pages":"e547-e559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surya Manickam, Abby Ianakiev, Nicholas Sader, Susan Durham, Sheema Gaffar
{"title":"A Term Infant With a Fetal Brain Anomaly.","authors":"Surya Manickam, Abby Ianakiev, Nicholas Sader, Susan Durham, Sheema Gaffar","doi":"10.1542/neo.26-7-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.26-7-038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19465,"journal":{"name":"NeoReviews","volume":"26 7","pages":"e505-e510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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