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Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China 耐寒性差异促进了中国西南地区二倍体和多倍体猕猴桃沿海拔梯度的生态位分化
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10181
Shi-Jian Yang, Yong-Jiang Zhang, Ya Zhang, Jun-Chu Peng, Cai-Yan Liu, Da-Wei Li, Wen Guo
Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved in the freezing resistant ability of polyploids remain unclear. In Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruits), the tetraploids and hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than the diploids, providing a study system to investigate mechanisms responsible for differentiation in freezing resistance between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions of their natural distribution areas, and measured leaf-level traits of cold damages and water relations at typical sites of each cytotype along an altitudinal gradient. Polyploids showed lower semi-lethal temperature (LT50) than ice nucleation temperature (INT), reflecting a tolerance strategy to cope with freezing events in the plateau regions. More negative turgor loss points and larger cell elastic modulus of polyploids could help to alleviate damages from freezing-induced cell dehydration, thus strengthening their tolerance to lower subzero temperatures (lower LT50). The increased supercooling capacity of polyploids (lower INT) might correlate with less extracellular ice formation due to lower osmotic potential at full turgor, apoplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance. Our study uncovers a greater cold tolerance in polyploid kiwifruits than diploids, and suggests the potential linkage between freezing tolerance and water relations. Taken together, such a divergence in stress resistance may underlie the niche shift of polyploid plants towards harsh environments.
据推测,多倍体可提高寒冷地区植物的抗冻性。然而,多倍体抗冻能力所涉及的适应策略和关键生理机制仍不清楚。在猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)中,四倍体和六倍体的栖息地海拔较高,气候较二倍体寒冷,这为研究细胞型之间抗冻性分化的机制提供了一个研究系统。我们对其自然分布区的环境条件进行了描述,并沿海拔梯度在每个细胞型的典型地点测量了叶片的冷害特征和水分关系。多倍体的半致死温度(LT50)低于冰核温度(INT),这反映了它们应对高原地区冰冻事件的耐受策略。多倍体的负张力损失点更多,细胞弹性模量更大,这有助于减轻冰冻引起的细胞脱水造成的损害,从而增强其对较低零下温度(较低的LT50)的耐受性。多倍体的过冷能力(较低的 INT)增强,可能与细胞外冰形成较少有关,这是因为细胞在充分收缩时的渗透势、凋亡水分数和组织电容较低。我们的研究发现,多倍体猕猴桃比二倍体猕猴桃更耐寒,这表明耐寒性与水分关系之间存在潜在联系。综上所述,抗逆性的这种差异可能是多倍体植物向恶劣环境转移的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling fine- and large-scale colonization processes in metapopulation dynamics: a case study on a threatened epiphytic bryophyte 在元种群动力学中厘清精细和大规模定殖过程:关于一种濒危附生藤本植物的案例研究
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10052
Gwendoline Percel, Christophe Bouget, Marion Gosselin, Yann Dumas, Fabien Laroche
Understanding the colonization process of species living in a dynamic fragmented habitat is essential to assess their persistence. In the metapopulation theory, the colonization of a species can be quantified using the turnover of occupancy in habitat patches. However, this approach is often limited by the feasible size of surveyed areas. Because many species are capable of long-distance dispersal, such areas often constitute open systems undergoing colonization of propagules coming from outside, the ‘background deposition'. We focus on disentangling background deposition from local colonization among surveyed patches when analyzing turnover. We consider two spatial scales: 1) focal areas where all patches are monitored over time; 2) a larger extent, encompassing the focal areas, over which the distribution of the target species is quantified with a coarse spatial grain. Our key idea is to use the regional connectivity of focal areas within the larger scale as a covariate when analyzing colonization events within focal areas. A positive effect of regional connectivity on the colonization probability of patches may indicate background deposition. We applied this approach to the epiphytic bryophyte Dicranum viride in a managed temperate deciduous forest, considering phorophyte trees as patches, forest stands as focal areas and the whole forest as the larger scale. We combined a fine-grained turnover survey of occupied trees within three forest stands (~ 3 ha) with a coarse-grained snapshot of D. viride distribution over the forest (~ 15 000 ha). Regional connectivity came out as the most significant factor, with a strong positive effect on colonization probability within stands. However, it was attributed to sources in the immediate vicinity of focal stands, suggesting a short-ranged colonization process occurring across stands' borders rather than long-distance background deposition. Our results thus call for maintaining a stepping-stone of habitat across the forest through time to improve D. viride persistence.
了解生活在动态破碎化生境中的物种的定殖过程对于评估其持久性至关重要。根据元种群理论,一个物种的定殖过程可以通过栖息地斑块的占用率来量化。然而,这种方法往往受到调查区域可行面积的限制。由于许多物种具有远距离扩散能力,这些区域往往构成开放系统,接受来自外部的繁殖体(即 "背景沉积")的定殖。在分析物种更替时,我们将重点放在将背景沉积与调查斑块间的局部定殖区分开来。我们考虑了两种空间尺度:1)对所有斑块进行长期监测的重点区域;2)包括重点区域在内的更大范围,在这一范围内,目标物种的分布以粗粒空间进行量化。我们的主要想法是在分析重点区域内的殖民事件时,将重点区域在更大范围内的区域连通性作为协变量。区域连通性对斑块定殖概率的正向影响可能表明背景沉积。我们将这种方法应用于温带落叶管理林中的附生藤本植物 Dicranum viride,将噬叶树视为斑块,林分视为重点区域,整个森林视为更大尺度。我们将三个林分(约 3 公顷)内被占用树木的细粒度更替调查与整个森林(约 15 000 公顷)中 D. viride 分布的粗粒度快照相结合。区域连通性是最重要的因素,对林分内的定殖概率有很强的积极影响。然而,这归因于重点林分附近的来源,表明短程定殖过程发生在林分边界,而不是长距离背景沉积。因此,我们的研究结果表明,需要在整个森林中长期保持一个栖息地基石,以提高D. viride的持久性。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding polyploid establishment: temporary persistence or stable coexistence? 了解多倍体的建立:暂时持续还是稳定共存?
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/oik.09929
Frederik Mortier, Quinten Bafort, Silvija Milosavljevic, Felipe Kauai, Lucas Prost Boxoen, Yves Van de Peer, Dries Bonte
Polyploidy, resulting from whole-genome duplication (WGD), is ubiquitous in nature and reportedly associated with extreme environments and biological invasions. However, WGD usually comes with great costs, raising questions about the establishment chance of newly formed polyploids. The surprisingly high number of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species observed in nature may be a consequence of their continuous emergence or may reflect stable polyploid persistence and even coexistence with the ancestral ploidy under certain circumstances. However, empirical studies on contemporary polyploid establishment often neglect the cost–benefit balances of polyploid characteristics, tradeoffs between phenotypic characteristics, intercytotype interactions, recurrent polyploid formation, and stochastic processes. Here, we advocate for considering population-level success, combining the aforementioned factors that affect polyploid establishment and long-term coexistence with their ancestors. We approach the paradox of polyploid establishment despite high costs from a modern coexistence theory perspective and give an overview of the diversity of mechanisms and their timing that may potentially enable stable rather than transient persistence.
由全基因组复制(WGD)产生的多倍体在自然界无处不在,据说与极端环境和生物入侵有关。然而,WGD 通常要付出巨大的代价,这就对新形成的多倍体的建立机会提出了质疑。在自然界中观察到的多倍体和混合倍性物种数量之多令人惊讶,这可能是它们不断出现的结果,也可能反映了稳定的多倍体持续存在,甚至在某些情况下与祖先的倍性共存。然而,有关当代多倍体建立的实证研究往往忽视了多倍体特征的成本效益平衡、表型特征之间的权衡、细胞型间的相互作用、多倍体的反复形成以及随机过程。在此,我们主张综合考虑上述影响多倍体建立及其与祖先长期共存的因素,考虑种群层面的成功。我们从现代共存理论的角度探讨了高成本下多倍体建立的悖论,并概述了有可能实现稳定而非短暂共存的各种机制及其时机。
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引用次数: 0
The origin of excavator nesting behavior and its impact on the evolution of Neotropical parrots 挖掘机筑巢行为的起源及其对新热带鹦鹉进化的影响
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10155
Myriam Ramírez-Herranz, Ferran Sayol, Rodrigo S. Rios, Alexandre Antonelli, Francisco A. Squeo
How the origin of novel behaviors can shape the evolutionary trajectory of organisms in response to environmental change remains poorly understood. Birds, especially those with big brains like parrots, are benchmarks for their behavioral innovation capacity in novel environments. Here, we assess whether and how the emergence of open areas in the Neotropics that started in the middle Miocene influenced the evolution of nesting behavior in parrots and how they triggered changes in other life-history traits. To address these questions, we use a phylogenetic-based analyses of trait evolution in the subfamily Arinae (Neotropical parrots), focusing on habitat, nesting behavior, morphology, and life-history traits (clutch size, incubation period and fledging period). Evolutionary reconstructions show that transitions to excavating behavior mostly happened when species colonized open areas, providing evidence that this behavior originated in open environments. Evolutionary models suggest that the new open areas and the excavator nesting behavior exerted new selective pressures on morphology and life-history traits, leading to evolutionary changes towards larger clutch sizes and shorter fledging periods in excavator parrots. Our study indicates that excavator nesting behavior in Neotropical parrots has likely played a key role in allowing them to exploit the ecological opportunities available in newly formed open biomes.
人们对新行为的起源如何影响生物的进化轨迹以应对环境变化仍然知之甚少。鸟类,尤其是像鹦鹉这样的大脑袋鸟类,是新环境中行为创新能力的标杆。在这里,我们将评估中新世中期开始的新热带地区开阔地带的出现是否以及如何影响了鹦鹉筑巢行为的进化,以及如何引发了其他生活史特征的变化。为了解决这些问题,我们利用基于系统发生学的方法分析了有尾亚科(新热带鹦鹉)的性状进化,重点研究了栖息地、筑巢行为、形态和生活史性状(窝产仔数、孵化期和羽化期)。进化重建显示,挖掘行为的转变大多发生在物种殖民到开阔地区的时候,这为这种行为起源于开阔环境提供了证据。进化模型表明,新的开阔地区和挖掘筑巢行为对鹦鹉的形态和生活史特征产生了新的选择性压力,导致挖掘筑巢鹦鹉在进化过程中出现了窝产蛋量增大和羽化期缩短的变化。我们的研究表明,新热带鹦鹉的挖掘筑巢行为很可能在使它们能够利用新形成的开阔生物群落中的生态机会方面发挥了关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Patronus charm: a comparison of benefactor plants and climate mediation effects on diversity 守护神的魅力:比较恩惠植物和气候调解对多样性的影响
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10292
Christopher J. Lortie, Amanda Liczner, Ally Ruttan, Jenna Braun, Diego A. Sotomayor, Mike Westphal, Rachel King, Alessandro Filazzola
Deserts are subject to significant anthropogenic pressure. The capacity to buffer against changes in the local environment and biodiversity are critical for ecosystem functioning. Foundation species can be a solution to rapidly assess ecological function and provide a simple nature-based solution to protect against continuing biodiversity losses. A foundation species is defined as a species that exerts and promotes a positive set of processes for the biotic network. Two different shrub species in the central drylands of California were used to assay a potential buffer for plant species richness and to examine the species-specificity of foundation facilitation. A five-year dataset in two distinct regions differing in aridity was used to test the hypothesis that the direct effects of foundation plants facilitate other plant species and buffer diversity losses to a changing climate. The predicted positive effects of both shrub species on species richness increased with increasing local temperatures sampled. Finally, projected temperature increases for the region in trained Bayesian models demonstrated that both shrub species can profoundly increase in their capacity to facilitate plant species richness. Colloquially, this positive ecological effect can be described as the patronus charm hypothesis because regardless of the form of the protector, shrub species provided a talisman against local loss of richness driven by temperature increases.
沙漠承受着巨大的人为压力。缓冲当地环境和生物多样性变化的能力对于生态系统的功能至关重要。基础物种是快速评估生态功能的一种解决方案,也是防止生物多样性持续丧失的一种简单的自然解决方案。基础物种被定义为对生物网络发挥和促进一系列积极作用的物种。加利福尼亚中部干旱地区的两种不同灌木物种被用来评估植物物种丰富性的潜在缓冲区,并研究基础促进物种的特异性。我们在两个不同的干旱地区使用了一个为期五年的数据集,以检验基础植物的直接影响是否会促进其他植物物种的生长,并缓冲因气候变化而造成的多样性损失。根据预测,两种灌木物种对物种丰富度的积极影响会随着当地取样温度的升高而增加。最后,在训练有素的贝叶斯模型中对该地区温度上升的预测表明,这两种灌木物种促进植物物种丰富度的能力都会显著提高。通俗地说,这种积极的生态效应可以被描述为 "保护神 "假说,因为无论保护神的形式如何,灌木物种都是防止当地物种丰富度因温度升高而减少的护身符。
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引用次数: 0
Chemodiversity affects preference for Tanacetum vulgare chemotypes in two aphid species 化学多样性影响两种蚜虫对丹顶鹤化学型的偏好
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10437
Annika Neuhaus-Harr, Lina Ojeda-Prieto, Elisabeth Eilers, Caroline Müller, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Robin Heinen
Plants of the same species can strongly differ in their specialized metabolite profiles, which can affect insect presence and abundance in the field. However, how specialized chemistry shapes plant attractiveness to herbivorous insects is not fully understood. Here, we used common tansy Tanacetum vulgare, Asteraceae) – a perennial plant that is highly diverse in terpenoid composition and is known to have variable chemotypes – to test whether 1) plants with different chemotype profiles differ in attractiveness to two specialist aphid species, Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria and Uroleucon tanaceti, in pairwise choice assays; 2) the diversity of the terpenoid blend affects plant attractiveness to aphids; 3) how plant chemical traits relate to plant morphological traits and which traits best explain aphid preference. We found that M. tanacetaria preferred two out of five chemotypes, dominated by α-thujone/β-thujone and β-trans-chrysanthenyl acetate, while avoiding a chemotype dominated by α-pinene/sabinene. Uroleucon tanaceti showed no clear preference towards chemotypes, but when given a choice between chemotypes dominated by α-thujone/β-thujone and by α-pinene/sabinene, they preferred the former. Importantly, plant attractiveness to aphids was marginally negatively correlated with chemodiversity, i.e. the number of terpenoid compounds, in M. tanacetaria, but not in U. tanaceti. Interestingly, the relative concentration and number of terpenoids were generally higher in larger and bushier plants. Hence, we did not observe a tradeoff between plant growth and defence. We conclude that plant chemical composition affects plant attractiveness to aphids and hence may contribute to variation in natural aphid colonization patterns on plants of the same species.
同一物种的植物在其特化代谢物特征方面会有很大差异,这会影响昆虫在田间的出现和数量。然而,人们还不完全了解特化化学如何形成植物对食草昆虫的吸引力。在这里,我们利用萜类成分高度多样化且已知具有不同化学型的多年生植物--普通丹参(Tanacetum vulgare,菊科)--来测试:1)在配对选择试验中,具有不同化学型的植物对两种专性蚜虫(Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria 和 Uroleucon tanaceti)的吸引力是否不同;2)萜类化合物混合物的多样性会影响植物对蚜虫的吸引力;3)植物化学特征与植物形态特征的关系,以及哪些特征最能解释蚜虫的偏好。我们发现,M. tanacetaria 偏好五种化学型中的α-�ujone/β-�ujone 和 β-反式-菊甾烷苯乙酸酯为主的两种化学型,而避开一种以 α-蒎烯/桧烯为主的化学型。Uroleucon tanaceti 对化学型没有明显的偏好,但如果让它们在以α-ujone/β-thujone 和以α-蒎烯/abinene 为主的化学型之间进行选择,它们更倾向于前者。重要的是,在 M. tanacetaria 中,植物对蚜虫的吸引力与化学多样性(即萜类化合物的数量)略呈负相关,而在 U. tanaceti 中则不然。有趣的是,萜类化合物的相对浓度和数量通常在较大和较茂盛的植物中较高。因此,我们并没有观察到植物生长和防御之间存在权衡。我们的结论是,植物的化学成分会影响植物对蚜虫的吸引力,因此可能会导致蚜虫在同一物种植物上的自然定殖模式的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Combining bioenergetics and movement models to improve understanding of the population consequences of disturbance 结合生物能和运动模型,更好地了解干扰对种群的影响
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10123
Magda Chudzińska, Katarína Klementisová, Cormac Booth, John Harwood
We developed dynamic bioenergetics models to investigate how behavioural responses to anthropogenic disturbance events might affect the population dynamics of three marine mammal species (harbour porpoise, grey seal and harbour seal) with contrasting life-history traits (capital versus income breeders) and movement behaviour (resident versus nomadic). We used these models to analyse how individual vital rates were affected by differences in the probability of disturbance and the duration of any behavioural response, while taking account of uncertainty in the model parameters and heterogeneity in behaviour. The outputs of individual movement models and telemetry data were then used to determine how the probability of exposure might vary among species, individuals, and geographical locations. We then demonstrate how these estimated probabilities of exposure can be translated into probabilities of disturbance. For illustrative purposes, we modelled the potential effects of a temporary decrease in energy assimilation associated with a series of disturbance events that might realistically occur during the construction of an offshore windfarm. Offspring starvation mortality was the vital rate that was most affected by these disturbance events. Monitoring of rate should be considered as standard practice so that populations responses can be detected as early as possible. Predicted effects on individual vital rates depended on the species' movement behaviour and the likely density of animals where the modelled construction activity was assumed to take place. The magnitude of these effects also depended critically on the assumed duration of the reduction in energy assimilation. No direct estimates of this variable are currently available, but we suggest some ways in which it could be estimated. The described approach could be extended to other species and activities, given sufficient information to parameterise the component models. However, we emphasise the need to account for among-individual heterogeneities and uncertainties in the values of the many model parameters.
我们建立了动态生物能模型,以研究对人为干扰事件的行为反应可能如何影响三种海洋哺乳动物(港湾鼠海豚、灰海豹和港海豹)的种群动态,这三种哺乳动物具有截然不同的生活史特征(资本繁殖者与收入繁殖者)和运动行为(居留与游牧)。我们利用这些模型来分析个体生命率如何受到干扰概率和行为反应持续时间差异的影响,同时考虑到模型参数的不确定性和行为的异质性。然后,利用个体运动模型的输出结果和遥测数据来确定不同物种、个体和地理位置的暴露概率可能会有什么不同。然后,我们演示了如何将这些估计的暴露概率转化为干扰概率。为了说明问题,我们模拟了与一系列干扰事件相关的能量同化暂时下降的潜在影响,这些干扰事件可能会在海上风力发电厂建设过程中真实发生。后代饥饿死亡率是受这些干扰事件影响最大的生命速率。应将监测死亡率作为标准做法,以便尽早发现种群的反应。对个体生命率的预测影响取决于物种的运动行为以及假定模拟施工活动发生地的动物可能密度。这些影响的大小还主要取决于假定的能量同化减少的持续时间。目前还没有对这一变量的直接估算,但我们提出了一些估算方法。如果有足够的信息来确定组成模型的参数,所述方法可扩展到其他物种和活动。不过,我们强调需要考虑个体间的异质性和许多模型参数值的不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating several analytical methods to assess strength of ecological processes behind metacommunity assembly 整合多种分析方法,评估元群落集合背后的生态过程强度
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10166
Ching‐Lin Huang, D. Zelený, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang
Understanding processes and mechanisms of how species assemble in a metacommunity is crucial for illuminating the factors that contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity and developing management decisions. Ecologists have proposed a number of analytical methods for identifying the effects of various ecological processes, but there is no consensus on the best approach. Our study extends the existing framework which synthesizes multiple analytical methods and incorporates community data across space and time to understand the underlying ecological processes. We extended this framework by 1) including null‐model‐based analytical methods; 2) defining metacommunity archetypes that illustrate extreme cases of metacommunities, to observe how well they can be distinguished by different summary statistics, 3) applying the extended framework to real‐world vegetation data from a subtropical forest and interpreting the results, and 4) discussing the potential advantages, limitations, and future directions of applying this framework. We used a process‐based metacommunity simulation model to generate a simulated community dataset and applied random forest (RF) approach to estimate the strength of ecological processes in the process‐based model by considering the summary statistics calculated by the analytical methods as predictors. We also quantified the performance of the trained RF and applied it to estimate the strength of ecological processes in Fushan Forest Dynamics Plot. Our results demonstrate the framework's flexibility in incorporating different analytical methods and its generality to be applied to different community systems. We highlight its theoretical values in evaluating the performance of different statistics or indices in identifying ecological processes and its practical values in assessing the strength of ecological processes underlying real‐world metacommunities. Future improvements should focus on synthesizing statistics that capture specific signals of ecological processes and evaluating the robustness of estimation against dataset complexity and incompleteness.
了解物种如何在元群落中聚集的过程和机制,对于阐明维持生物多样性的因素和制定管理决策至关重要。生态学家提出了许多分析方法来确定各种生态过程的影响,但对于最佳方法还没有达成共识。我们的研究扩展了现有的框架,该框架综合了多种分析方法,并纳入了跨时空的群落数据,以了解潜在的生态过程。我们通过以下方式扩展了这一框架:1)纳入基于空模型的分析方法;2)定义元群落原型,以说明元群落的极端情况,观察不同的汇总统计量对它们的区分程度;3)将扩展框架应用于亚热带森林的实际植被数据并解释结果;4)讨论应用这一框架的潜在优势、局限性和未来方向。我们使用基于过程的元群落模拟模型来生成模拟群落数据集,并采用随机森林(RF)方法来估计基于过程的模型中生态过程的强度,将分析方法计算出的汇总统计量视为预测因子。我们还量化了训练有素的 RF 的性能,并将其用于估计福山森林动态地块的生态过程强度。我们的研究结果表明,该框架可灵活纳入不同的分析方法,并具有适用于不同群落系统的通用性。我们强调了该框架在评估不同统计或指数识别生态过程的性能方面的理论价值,以及在评估现实世界元群落基础生态过程强度方面的实用价值。未来的改进应集中在综合能捕捉生态过程特定信号的统计数据,以及评估估计对数据集复杂性和不完整性的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
Habitat fragmentation through urbanization selects for low dispersal in an ant species 城市化造成的栖息地破碎选择了一种蚂蚁的低传播性
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10325
B. Finand, N. Loeuille, Céline Bocquet, Pierre Fédérici, Joséphine Ledamoisel, T. Monnin
Increased habitat fragmentation is one of the major global changes affecting biodiversity. It is characterised by a decrease in habitat availability and by the isolation of suitable habitat patches. The dispersal capacities of species may evolve in response to increased habitat fragmentation. Spatial heterogeneities and/or costs of dispersal, which are directly linked to habitat fragmentation, tend to select for lower dispersal abilities. We studied the effects of habitat fragmentation on dispersal in forest and urban contexts, using an ant species that exhibits a marked dispersal polymorphism. Myrmecina graminicola produces winged queens dispersing by flight over long distances, or apterous queens dispersing on foot over short distances. We sampled queens in 24 forests around Paris and in 25 parks within Paris, representing varied levels of habitat fragmentation and habitat size. Winged queens predominated in both environments. However, apterous queens were comparatively more common in parks than in forests, suggesting that high fragmentation and/or urbanization counterselects dispersal in this species. We argue that this is because dispersing within urban environments is very costly for this species, and discuss the factors favouring each queen morph or resulting in their co‐occurrence (maintenance of polymorphism).
生境破碎化加剧是影响生物多样性的主要全球性变化之一。其特点是栖息地可用性降低,合适的栖息地被隔离。物种的扩散能力可能会随着生境破碎化的加剧而演变。与生境破碎化直接相关的空间异质性和/或扩散成本往往会选择扩散能力较低的物种。我们利用一种表现出明显分散多态性的蚂蚁物种,研究了栖息地破碎化在森林和城市环境中对分散的影响。格氏蚁后(Myrmecina graminicola)的蚁后有翅膀,可通过飞行进行远距离扩散,也有蚁后通过步行进行短距离扩散。我们在巴黎周围的24个森林和巴黎的25个公园中采集了蜂王样本,这些森林和公园代表了不同程度的栖息地破碎化和栖息地面积。有翅蚁后在这两种环境中都占多数。然而,公园中的有翅蚁后比森林中的更常见,这表明高度破碎化和/或城市化反向选择了该物种的扩散。我们认为,这是因为该物种在城市环境中扩散的成本很高,并讨论了有利于每种蜂后形态或导致它们共同出现(维持多态性)的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Resilience of tropical invertebrate community assembly processes to a gradient of land use intensity 热带无脊椎动物群落组装过程对土地利用强度梯度的适应能力
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10328
Natasha R. Granville, Maxwell V. L. Barclay, M. J. Boyle, Arthur Y. C. Chung, T. Fayle, H. Hah, Jane L. Hardwick, Lois Kinneen, R. Kitching, S. Maunsell, Jeremy A. Miller, Adam C. Sharp, Nigel E. Stork, Leona Wai, K. M. Yusah, Robert M. Ewers
Understanding how community assembly processes drive biodiversity patterns is a central goal of community ecology. While it is generally accepted that ecological communities are assembled by both stochastic and deterministic processes, quantifying their relative importance remains challenging. Few studies have investigated how the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes vary among taxa and along gradients of habitat degradation. Using data on 1645 arthropod species across seven taxonomic groups in Malaysian Borneo, we quantified the importance of ecological stochasticity and of a suite of community assembly processes across a gradient of logging intensity. The relationship between logging and community assembly varied depending on the specific combination of taxa and stochasticity metric used, but, in general, the processes that govern invertebrate community assembly were remarkably robust to changes in land use intensity.
了解群落组装过程如何驱动生物多样性模式是群落生态学的核心目标。虽然人们普遍认为生态群落的形成既有随机过程,也有确定过程,但量化这两种过程的相对重要性仍然具有挑战性。很少有研究调查了随机和确定性群落组装过程的相对重要性在不同类群之间以及在栖息地退化梯度上是如何变化的。我们利用马来西亚婆罗洲 7 个分类群 1645 个节肢动物物种的数据,量化了生态随机性和一系列群落集结过程在伐木强度梯度上的重要性。伐木与群落组合之间的关系因所使用的分类群和随机性度量的具体组合而异,但总体而言,无脊椎动物群落组合过程对土地利用强度的变化具有显著的稳健性。
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