首页 > 最新文献

Oikos最新文献

英文 中文
Climate change may alter the signal of plant facilitation in Mediterranean drylands 气候变化可能会改变地中海旱地的植物促进信号
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10217
Miguel Verdú, Esther Bochet, Tíscar Espigares, Jordi Margalef‐Marrasé, José Manuel Nicolau, Yu Yue, César Azorin‐Molina, Patricio Garcia‐Fayos
Facilitation is an ecological interaction that has allowed plant lineages to survive past climate aridification. This same interaction can be expected to buffer the effects of current climate change, which is tending to become more arid in the Mediterranean basin. However, facilitation may wane when stress conditions are extreme. Here we argue that the erosion of the facilitation signal between Quercus ilex and its nurses detected by García‐Fayos et al. (2020) along 50 years in the eastern Iberian Peninsula may have been due to the reversion of facilitation to competition imposed by an increasingly arid climate. To support this speculation, we reconstructed the climatic niche of Q. ilex and its nurses as well as the local climate change occurring in the populations studied. We found that the decreasing trend in precipitation is pushing Q. ilex out of its climatic optimum in the stressful (semi‐arid) but not in the mild (sub‐humid) habitats. These results suggest that facilitation will be unable to mitigate the effects of climate change, especially those related to aridification. However, other scenarios linking climatic change with herbivory and rural abandonment should be considered to fully understand the past, present and future of facilitation interactions. Reconstructing past interactions can serve as an early warning signal about the future of populations in the face of climate change.
促进作用是一种生态互动,它使植物品系在过去气候干旱的情况下得以生存。预计这种相互作用也能缓冲当前气候变化的影响,因为地中海盆地正趋于更加干旱。然而,当压力条件极端恶劣时,促进作用可能会减弱。在这里,我们认为,加西亚-法约斯等人(2020 年)在伊比利亚半岛东部发现的栎树与栎树幼苗之间的促进作用信号在 50 年间逐渐减弱,这可能是由于日益干旱的气候导致促进作用转为竞争作用。为了支持这一推测,我们重建了 Q. ilex 及其圃地的气候生态位,以及所研究种群的当地气候变化。我们发现,降水量的减少趋势正在将 Q. ilex 推离其在紧张(半干旱)栖息地的最佳气候环境,而不是温和(亚湿润)栖息地。这些结果表明,促进作用将无法缓解气候变化的影响,尤其是与干旱化相关的影响。然而,为了全面了解促进作用的过去、现在和未来,还应该考虑将气候变化与食草动物和农村废弃物联系起来的其他情景。重建过去的相互作用可以作为面对气候变化时种群未来的预警信号。
{"title":"Climate change may alter the signal of plant facilitation in Mediterranean drylands","authors":"Miguel Verdú, Esther Bochet, Tíscar Espigares, Jordi Margalef‐Marrasé, José Manuel Nicolau, Yu Yue, César Azorin‐Molina, Patricio Garcia‐Fayos","doi":"10.1111/oik.10217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10217","url":null,"abstract":"Facilitation is an ecological interaction that has allowed plant lineages to survive past climate aridification. This same interaction can be expected to buffer the effects of current climate change, which is tending to become more arid in the Mediterranean basin. However, facilitation may wane when stress conditions are extreme. Here we argue that the erosion of the facilitation signal between <jats:italic>Quercus ilex</jats:italic> and its nurses detected by García‐Fayos et al. (2020) along 50 years in the eastern Iberian Peninsula may have been due to the reversion of facilitation to competition imposed by an increasingly arid climate. To support this speculation, we reconstructed the climatic niche of <jats:italic>Q. ilex</jats:italic> and its nurses as well as the local climate change occurring in the populations studied. We found that the decreasing trend in precipitation is pushing <jats:italic>Q. ilex</jats:italic> out of its climatic optimum in the stressful (semi‐arid) but not in the mild (sub‐humid) habitats. These results suggest that facilitation will be unable to mitigate the effects of climate change, especially those related to aridification. However, other scenarios linking climatic change with herbivory and rural abandonment should be considered to fully understand the past, present and future of facilitation interactions. Reconstructing past interactions can serve as an early warning signal about the future of populations in the face of climate change.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The magnitude of Allee effects varies across Allee mechanisms, but not taxonomic groups 阿利效应的大小因阿利机制而异,但因分类群而异
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10386
Eva J. Muir, Marc J. Lajeunesse, Andrew M. Kramer
The Allee effect is a density‐dependent phenomenon in which individual fitness increases as population density increases at low population densities. Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have identified Allee effects in populations using experimental approaches and statistical modeling techniques. These studies have investigated multiple Allee mechanisms (e.g. mate‐finding, predation, resource limitation), across a range of systems and taxa (e.g. plants, vertebrates, invertebrates). This meta‐analysis aims to synthesize studies that experimentally manipulated population density and measured either per capita population growth or fitness components, with the goal of determining whether the ‘magnitude' of the Allee effect (defined here as the positive correlation between population density and population growth or fitness) varies with Allee mechanism across taxonomic groups. A total of 2305 studies were screened, and 62 of these studies met our meta‐analysis inclusion criteria. Within these 62 studies, 155 effect sizes encompassing nine different Allee mechanisms were identified across five broad taxa. When grouped by Allee mechanism and taxa, the magnitude of the Allee effect differed across mechanisms, whereas taxonomic group was less useful at explaining variation in the magnitude of Allee effects. Of the nine Allee mechanisms identified, interspecific competition was associated with the largest Allee effects, followed by fear, pollen limitation and mate limitation. These findings suggest that Allee effects may be more dependent on mechanism than taxa and may function similarly within different taxonomic groups. However, as the majority of experimental Allee effect studies included in this meta‐analysis focused on plants and invertebrates, more research is needed on Allee effects in other taxonomic groups to confirm this conclusion. This first quantitative synthesis of Allee effect research in ecology offers novel insight into how Allee mechanisms affect the manifestation of Allee effects in populations, providing important information for ecologists and conservationists.
阿利效应是一种依赖于密度的现象,在低种群密度下,个体适合度会随着种群密度的增加而增加。过去几十年来,越来越多的研究利用实验方法和统计建模技术发现了种群中的阿利尔效应。这些研究在一系列系统和类群(如植物、脊椎动物、无脊椎动物)中调查了多种阿利机制(如配偶寻找、捕食、资源限制)。这项荟萃分析旨在综合那些通过实验操纵种群密度并测量人均种群增长或适应性成分的研究,目的是确定阿利效应(此处定义为种群密度与种群增长或适应性之间的正相关关系)的 "大小 "是否随不同分类群的阿利机制而变化。共筛选出 2305 项研究,其中 62 项符合我们的荟萃分析纳入标准。在这 62 项研究中,我们发现了 155 个效应大小,涵盖五大类群中九种不同的阿利机制。按近郊效应机制和分类群分组时,不同机制的近郊效应大小不同,而分类群在解释近郊效应大小的差异方面作用较小。在确定的九种近邻效应机制中,种间竞争与最大的近邻效应相关,其次是恐惧、花粉限制和配偶限制。这些发现表明,阿利尔效应可能更依赖于机制而不是类群,而且在不同的类群中也可能发挥类似的作用。然而,由于本荟萃分析所包含的大多数阿利尔效应实验研究都集中在植物和无脊椎动物上,因此需要对其他分类群的阿利尔效应进行更多研究,以证实这一结论。这是对生态学中阿利尔效应研究的首次定量综述,为阿利尔机制如何影响种群中阿利尔效应的表现提供了新的见解,为生态学家和自然保护主义者提供了重要信息。
{"title":"The magnitude of Allee effects varies across Allee mechanisms, but not taxonomic groups","authors":"Eva J. Muir, Marc J. Lajeunesse, Andrew M. Kramer","doi":"10.1111/oik.10386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10386","url":null,"abstract":"The Allee effect is a density‐dependent phenomenon in which individual fitness increases as population density increases at low population densities. Over the past few decades, a growing number of studies have identified Allee effects in populations using experimental approaches and statistical modeling techniques. These studies have investigated multiple Allee mechanisms (e.g. mate‐finding, predation, resource limitation), across a range of systems and taxa (e.g. plants, vertebrates, invertebrates). This meta‐analysis aims to synthesize studies that experimentally manipulated population density and measured either per capita population growth or fitness components, with the goal of determining whether the ‘magnitude' of the Allee effect (defined here as the positive correlation between population density and population growth or fitness) varies with Allee mechanism across taxonomic groups. A total of 2305 studies were screened, and 62 of these studies met our meta‐analysis inclusion criteria. Within these 62 studies, 155 effect sizes encompassing nine different Allee mechanisms were identified across five broad taxa. When grouped by Allee mechanism and taxa, the magnitude of the Allee effect differed across mechanisms, whereas taxonomic group was less useful at explaining variation in the magnitude of Allee effects. Of the nine Allee mechanisms identified, interspecific competition was associated with the largest Allee effects, followed by fear, pollen limitation and mate limitation. These findings suggest that Allee effects may be more dependent on mechanism than taxa and may function similarly within different taxonomic groups. However, as the majority of experimental Allee effect studies included in this meta‐analysis focused on plants and invertebrates, more research is needed on Allee effects in other taxonomic groups to confirm this conclusion. This first quantitative synthesis of Allee effect research in ecology offers novel insight into how Allee mechanisms affect the manifestation of Allee effects in populations, providing important information for ecologists and conservationists.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vertebrate grazing can mitigateimpacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi‐natural grassland 在半自然草地上放牧脊椎动物可减轻养分添加对植物多样性和昆虫数量的影响
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10422
G. F. (Ciska) Veen, Annika T. Vermaat, Judith Sitters, Elisabeth S. Bakker
Human‐induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast‐growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e. access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e. the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g. hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a mosaic of patches grazed at different intensities will enhance overall insect biodiversity.
人类引起的营养富营养化是草原生物多样性的一个主要威胁,因为它促使快速生长的植物占据主导地位。大型脊椎动物食草动物的放牧可能会抵消施肥对植物生物多样性的负面影响。然而,人们对食草动物是否也能减轻养分添加对昆虫的影响还知之甚少。我们利用一个野外实验来测试植物群落以及传粉昆虫和蚱蜢的数量如何对养分添加和不同大型食草动物群的放牧(即所有食草动物(包括牛和马)进入、仅野生食草动物(野猪和鹿)进入、大型食草动物不进入)做出反应。施肥后,植物生物量增加,植物多样性减少,群落组成转向较低的草本植物覆盖率,但仅限于没有所有食草动物的情况。膜翅目昆虫(蜜蜂和黄蜂),即最丰富的传粉昆虫群,只有在没有所有食草动物的情况下,才会因添加养分而减少探花量,并且与开花植物的丰富度呈正相关。相反,双翅目昆虫(如食蚜蝇)对花朵的造访会因施肥而增加,但不会受到放牧的影响。直翅目昆虫(蚱蜢)的数量因放牧而减少,因增加养分而增加,施肥对只有野生食草动物或没有食草动物的地块影响更大。蚱蜢的数量与草的生物量呈正相关。我们的结论是,脊椎动物食草动物可以抵消施肥对植物和昆虫群落的影响,因此大型哺乳动物放牧是保护昆虫,尤其是传粉昆虫的重要工具。只有在没有大型食草动物的地块中,对养分添加的反应才最为明显,这表明仅靠野生食草动物就能减轻养分的影响。我们还发现,在施肥和未放牧的条件下,昆虫的食性可能会截然不同。因此,在不同强度的放牧条件下创造一个马赛克斑块将提高昆虫的整体生物多样性。
{"title":"Vertebrate grazing can mitigateimpacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi‐natural grassland","authors":"G. F. (Ciska) Veen, Annika T. Vermaat, Judith Sitters, Elisabeth S. Bakker","doi":"10.1111/oik.10422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10422","url":null,"abstract":"Human‐induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast‐growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e. access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e. the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g. hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a mosaic of patches grazed at different intensities will enhance overall insect biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extending Grime's CSR model to predict plant demographic responses across resource availability gradients: evidence from the patagonian steppes 扩展格里姆的 CSR 模型,预测植物在不同资源可用性梯度上的人口反应:来自巴塔哥尼亚大草原的证据
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10203
Lautaro L. Nasta, Paula E. Leva, Andrea C. Premoli, Martin R. Aguiar
Sexual reproduction, growth, and survival are crucial demographic strategies for plant population viability. Here, we propose a conceptual model predicting demographic responses of species based on their ecological strategy and the heterogeneity of environmental conditions within a biogeographical unit and then applied it to a case study from a 5˚ latitudinal gradient in the Patagonian steppes. We also aim to disentangle genetic from environmental effects on demographic responses. We performed in situ and common garden experiments with two species from six local populations of the Occidental Phytogeographical District of the Patagonian steppes. Species differ in key ecological traits, and thus fit into Grime's model for evolutionary strategies in plants: one as competitive species and the other as stress‐tolerant species. We calculated population growth rate (λ) and performed elasticity analyses to compare the contribution of each demographic strategy to population fitness between species and among local populations distributed along 600 km latitudinal gradient with differences in mean annual precipitation (MAP). We highlight four results. First, the competitive species change from sexual reproduction to growth as MAP increases. Second, the stress‐tolerant species relied on growth and survival along the MAP gradient. Third, interannual variation in resource availability modulated demographic responses for both strategies. Fourth, based on the comparison of the in situ and common garden experiments, we submit that demographic responses were genetically driven. Our study shows that demographic responses can be roughly predicted by the ecological strategy across environmental gradients. We show that differences arise not only between species, but also were genetically driven differences within species among local populations. Scaling up plant‐level responses to population‐level dynamics allows for a process‐based understanding of current and future biogeographical species organization. Furthermore, conservation and restoration efforts should be guided by demographic strategies underlying population viability.
有性生殖、生长和存活是植物种群生存的关键人口策略。在此,我们提出了一个概念模型,根据物种的生态策略和生物地理单元内环境条件的异质性来预测物种的人口响应,并将其应用于巴塔哥尼亚大草原 5˚ 纬度梯度的案例研究。我们的目标还包括区分遗传和环境对人口反应的影响。我们对巴塔哥尼亚大草原西植物地理区六个地方种群中的两个物种进行了原地和普通花园实验。这两个物种在关键生态特征上存在差异,因此符合格里姆的植物进化策略模型:一个是竞争性物种,另一个是抗压性物种。我们计算了种群增长率(λ),并进行了弹性分析,以比较不同物种之间以及沿 600 公里纬度梯度分布、年平均降水量(MAP)不同的当地种群之间每种人口策略对种群适宜性的贡献。我们强调了四个结果。首先,随着年平均降水量的增加,竞争性物种从有性生殖转变为生长。其次,耐压物种在平均年降水量梯度上依赖生长和生存。第三,资源可用性的年际变化调节了两种策略的人口响应。第四,根据对原地实验和普通花园实验的比较,我们认为人口响应是由基因驱动的。我们的研究表明,在不同的环境梯度中,生态策略可以大致预测人口响应。我们的研究表明,不仅物种之间存在差异,而且物种内部的局部种群之间也存在基因驱动的差异。将植物水平的反应放大到种群水平的动态,可以对当前和未来的生物地理物种组织有一个基于过程的理解。此外,保护和恢复工作应遵循作为种群生存基础的人口策略。
{"title":"Extending Grime's CSR model to predict plant demographic responses across resource availability gradients: evidence from the patagonian steppes","authors":"Lautaro L. Nasta, Paula E. Leva, Andrea C. Premoli, Martin R. Aguiar","doi":"10.1111/oik.10203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10203","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual reproduction, growth, and survival are crucial demographic strategies for plant population viability. Here, we propose a conceptual model predicting demographic responses of species based on their ecological strategy and the heterogeneity of environmental conditions within a biogeographical unit and then applied it to a case study from a 5˚ latitudinal gradient in the Patagonian steppes. We also aim to disentangle genetic from environmental effects on demographic responses. We performed in situ and common garden experiments with two species from six local populations of the Occidental Phytogeographical District of the Patagonian steppes. Species differ in key ecological traits, and thus fit into Grime's model for evolutionary strategies in plants: one as competitive species and the other as stress‐tolerant species. We calculated population growth rate (λ) and performed elasticity analyses to compare the contribution of each demographic strategy to population fitness between species and among local populations distributed along 600 km latitudinal gradient with differences in mean annual precipitation (MAP). We highlight four results. First, the competitive species change from sexual reproduction to growth as MAP increases. Second, the stress‐tolerant species relied on growth and survival along the MAP gradient. Third, interannual variation in resource availability modulated demographic responses for both strategies. Fourth, based on the comparison of the in situ and common garden experiments, we submit that demographic responses were genetically driven. Our study shows that demographic responses can be roughly predicted by the ecological strategy across environmental gradients. We show that differences arise not only between species, but also were genetically driven differences within species among local populations. Scaling up plant‐level responses to population‐level dynamics allows for a process‐based understanding of current and future biogeographical species organization. Furthermore, conservation and restoration efforts should be guided by demographic strategies underlying population viability.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Species contributions to ecosystem stability change with disturbance type 物种对生态系统稳定性的贡献随干扰类型而变化
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10077
Lydia White, Nessa E. O'Connor, Abby Gilson, Ian Donohue
Simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors complicates the challenge of predicting ecological responses to global environmental change. Here, we show that the contributions of individual species and functional groups to the overall stability of ecosystems can be modified by the presence of different stressors, both individually and in combination. By disturbing natural rocky shore communities with nutrients and sediments and simulating extinction of predatory whelks and grazers, we also found that consumers can simultaneously stabilise and destabilise communities along different stability dimensions, irrespective of their trophic position. Our results suggest that our experimental disturbances influenced consumer contributions to stability indirectly by modifying the interactions between consumers and macroalgae in different ways. These findings merit further exploration in different systems exposed to a range of different stressors to better understand how perturbations of different kinds can modify the multifaceted contributions of species to the overall stability of ecosystems.
同时暴露于多种压力源使得预测生态对全球环境变化的反应变得更加复杂。在这里,我们展示了单个物种和功能群对生态系统整体稳定性的贡献会因不同压力源的存在而改变,无论是单独存在还是共同存在。通过用营养物质和沉积物干扰天然岩岸群落,模拟捕食性螺和食草动物的灭绝,我们还发现,无论营养级的位置如何,消费者都能同时在不同的稳定性维度上稳定和破坏群落的稳定性。我们的结果表明,实验干扰通过改变消费者与大型藻类之间的相互作用,间接影响了消费者对稳定性的贡献。这些发现值得我们在面临一系列不同压力因素的不同系统中进一步探索,以更好地了解不同类型的干扰如何改变物种对生态系统整体稳定性的多方面贡献。
{"title":"Species contributions to ecosystem stability change with disturbance type","authors":"Lydia White, Nessa E. O'Connor, Abby Gilson, Ian Donohue","doi":"10.1111/oik.10077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10077","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors complicates the challenge of predicting ecological responses to global environmental change. Here, we show that the contributions of individual species and functional groups to the overall stability of ecosystems can be modified by the presence of different stressors, both individually and in combination. By disturbing natural rocky shore communities with nutrients and sediments and simulating extinction of predatory whelks and grazers, we also found that consumers can simultaneously stabilise and destabilise communities along different stability dimensions, irrespective of their trophic position. Our results suggest that our experimental disturbances influenced consumer contributions to stability indirectly by modifying the interactions between consumers and macroalgae in different ways. These findings merit further exploration in different systems exposed to a range of different stressors to better understand how perturbations of different kinds can modify the multifaceted contributions of species to the overall stability of ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sources of confusion in global biodiversity trends 全球生物多样性趋势的混乱根源
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10732
Maëlys Boënnec, Vasilis Dakos, Vincent Devictor
Populations and ecological communities are changing worldwide, and empirical studies exhibit a mixture of either declining or mixed trends. Confusion in global biodiversity trends thus remains, while assessing such changes is of major social, political, and scientific importance. Part of this variability may arise from the difficulty to reliably assess global biodiversity trends. Here, we conducted a literature review of studies documenting the temporal dynamics of global biodiversity. We classified the differences among approaches, data, and methodology used by the reviewed papers to reveal common findings and sources of discrepancies. We show that reviews and meta‐analyses, along with the use of global indicators, are more likely to conclude that trends are declining. On the other hand, the longer the data are available, the more nuanced are the trends they generate. Our results also highlight the lack of studies providing information on the impact of synergistic pressures on a global scale, making it even more difficult to understand the driving factors of the observed changes and how to decide conservation plan accordingly. Finally, we stress the importance of taking into account the sources of confusion identified, as well as the complexity of biodiversity changes, in order to implement effective conservation strategies. In particular, biodiversity dynamics are almost systematically assumed to be linear, while non‐linear trends are largely neglected. Clarifying the sources of confusion in global biodiversity trends should strengthen large‐scale biodiversity monitoring and conservation.
世界范围内的种群和生态群落正在发生变化,经验研究显示出两种趋势交织在一起,一种是下降趋势,另一种是混合趋势。因此,全球生物多样性趋势仍然混乱,而评估这种变化具有重要的社会、政治和科学意义。这种变化的部分原因可能是难以可靠地评估全球生物多样性趋势。在此,我们对记录全球生物多样性时间动态的研究进行了文献综述。我们对综述论文所使用的方法、数据和方法论之间的差异进行了分类,以揭示共同的发现和差异的来源。我们发现,综述和荟萃分析以及使用全球指标更有可能得出趋势正在下降的结论。另一方面,数据可用的时间越长,它们得出的趋势就越细微。我们的研究结果还凸显了缺乏有关全球范围内协同压力影响的研究,这使得我们更加难以理解所观察到的变化的驱动因素以及如何决定相应的保护计划。最后,我们强调,为了实施有效的保护战略,必须考虑到所发现的混乱来源以及生物多样性变化的复杂性。特别是,生物多样性的动态几乎被系统地假定为线性的,而非线性趋势在很大程度上被忽视了。厘清全球生物多样性趋势的混乱来源应能加强大规模生物多样性监测和保护。
{"title":"Sources of confusion in global biodiversity trends","authors":"Maëlys Boënnec, Vasilis Dakos, Vincent Devictor","doi":"10.1111/oik.10732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10732","url":null,"abstract":"Populations and ecological communities are changing worldwide, and empirical studies exhibit a mixture of either declining or mixed trends. Confusion in global biodiversity trends thus remains, while assessing such changes is of major social, political, and scientific importance. Part of this variability may arise from the difficulty to reliably assess global biodiversity trends. Here, we conducted a literature review of studies documenting the temporal dynamics of global biodiversity. We classified the differences among approaches, data, and methodology used by the reviewed papers to reveal common findings and sources of discrepancies. We show that reviews and meta‐analyses, along with the use of global indicators, are more likely to conclude that trends are declining. On the other hand, the longer the data are available, the more nuanced are the trends they generate. Our results also highlight the lack of studies providing information on the impact of synergistic pressures on a global scale, making it even more difficult to understand the driving factors of the observed changes and how to decide conservation plan accordingly. Finally, we stress the importance of taking into account the sources of confusion identified, as well as the complexity of biodiversity changes, in order to implement effective conservation strategies. In particular, biodiversity dynamics are almost systematically assumed to be linear, while non‐linear trends are largely neglected. Clarifying the sources of confusion in global biodiversity trends should strengthen large‐scale biodiversity monitoring and conservation.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes in Tanacetum vulgare mediates tansy aphid occurrence but not abundance Tanacetum vulgare 中萜类化学型的地理分布介导了丹顶鹤蚜虫的发生,而非其数量
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10320
Humay Rahimova, Annika Neuhaus‐Harr, Mary V. Clancy, Yuan Guo, Robert R. Junker, Lina Ojeda‐Prieto, Hampus Petrén, Matthias Senft, Sharon E. Zytynska, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Robin Heinen, Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler
Intraspecific variation of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy Tanacetum vulgare exhibits diverse terpenoid profiles that affect insect communities. However, it is not fully known whether patterns of their chemical composition and associated insects vary beyond the community scale. Here, we investigated the geographic distribution of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoid chemotypes in tansy leaves and their relationships with specific insect communities across Germany. We sampled tansy leaves from ten plants with and five plants without aphids in each of 26 sites along a north–south and west–east transect in Germany. Hexane‐extracted metabolites from leaf tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Plant morphological traits, aphid occurrence and abundance, and occurrence of ants were recorded locally. The effect of plant chemotype, plant morphological parameters, and abiotic site parameters such as soil types, temperature and precipitation on insect occurrences were analyzed. Plants clustered into four monoterpenoid and four sesquiterpenoid chemotype classes. Monoterpene classes differed in their latitudinal distribution, whereas sesquiterpenes were more evenly distributed across the transect. Aphid and ant occurrence was influenced by monoterpenoids. Plants of monoterpenoid class 1 were colonized by aphids and ants significantly more often than expected by chance, whereas in other classes there were no significant differences. Aphid abundance was affected by soil type, and average annual temperature positively correlated with the occurrence of ants. We found significant geographic patterns in the distribution of tansy chemodiversity and show that monoterpenoids affect aphid and ant occurrence, while the soil type can influence aphid abundance. We show that geographic variation in plant chemistry influences insect community assembly on tansy plants.
植物中特殊代谢物(如萜类化合物)的种内差异可用于确定化学类型。丹参(Tansy Tanacetum vulgare)表现出多种萜类化合物,对昆虫群落产生影响。然而,它们的化学成分和相关昆虫的模式是否会在群落尺度之外发生变化,目前还不完全清楚。在这里,我们研究了丹参叶片中单萜类和倍半萜类化学型的地理分布,以及它们与德国各地特定昆虫群落的关系。我们沿德国南北和东西横断面的 26 个地点,分别从 10 株有蚜虫和 5 株无蚜虫的植物中采集了丹参叶片样本。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析了从叶片组织中提取的正己烷代谢物。当地记录了植物的形态特征、蚜虫的发生和丰度以及蚂蚁的发生情况。分析了植物化学型、植物形态参数以及土壤类型、温度和降水量等非生物地点参数对昆虫发生的影响。植物分为四个单萜和四个倍半萜化学型类别。单萜类的纬度分布不同,而倍半萜类在横断面上的分布较为均匀。蚜虫和蚂蚁的发生受单萜类化合物的影响。单萜 1 类植物被蚜虫和蚂蚁定殖的频率明显高于预期,而其他类别的植物则没有明显差异。蚜虫的数量受土壤类型的影响,而年平均温度与蚂蚁的发生率呈正相关。我们发现了丹参化学多样性分布的重要地理模式,并表明单萜会影响蚜虫和蚂蚁的发生,而土壤类型会影响蚜虫的丰度。我们的研究表明,植物化学成分的地理差异会影响丹参植物上昆虫群落的组合。
{"title":"Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes in Tanacetum vulgare mediates tansy aphid occurrence but not abundance","authors":"Humay Rahimova, Annika Neuhaus‐Harr, Mary V. Clancy, Yuan Guo, Robert R. Junker, Lina Ojeda‐Prieto, Hampus Petrén, Matthias Senft, Sharon E. Zytynska, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Robin Heinen, Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler","doi":"10.1111/oik.10320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10320","url":null,"abstract":"Intraspecific variation of specialized metabolites in plants, such as terpenoids, are used to determine chemotypes. Tansy <jats:italic>Tanacetum vulgare</jats:italic> exhibits diverse terpenoid profiles that affect insect communities. However, it is not fully known whether patterns of their chemical composition and associated insects vary beyond the community scale. Here, we investigated the geographic distribution of mono‐ and sesquiterpenoid chemotypes in tansy leaves and their relationships with specific insect communities across Germany. We sampled tansy leaves from ten plants with and five plants without aphids in each of 26 sites along a north–south and west–east transect in Germany. Hexane‐extracted metabolites from leaf tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Plant morphological traits, aphid occurrence and abundance, and occurrence of ants were recorded locally. The effect of plant chemotype, plant morphological parameters, and abiotic site parameters such as soil types, temperature and precipitation on insect occurrences were analyzed. Plants clustered into four monoterpenoid and four sesquiterpenoid chemotype classes. Monoterpene classes differed in their latitudinal distribution, whereas sesquiterpenes were more evenly distributed across the transect. Aphid and ant occurrence was influenced by monoterpenoids. Plants of monoterpenoid class 1 were colonized by aphids and ants significantly more often than expected by chance, whereas in other classes there were no significant differences. Aphid abundance was affected by soil type, and average annual temperature positively correlated with the occurrence of ants. We found significant geographic patterns in the distribution of tansy chemodiversity and show that monoterpenoids affect aphid and ant occurrence, while the soil type can influence aphid abundance. We show that geographic variation in plant chemistry influences insect community assembly on tansy plants.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interactive effects of soil moisture, air temperature and litter nutrient diversity on soil microbial communities and Folsomia candida population 土壤水分、气温和垃圾养分多样性对土壤微生物群落和念珠菌数量的交互影响
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10345
Charlotte Biryol, Adriane Aupic‐Samain, Caroline Lecareux, Thierry Gauquelin, Virginie Baldy, Mathieu Santonja
Soil organisms play a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. While soil organisms are strongly influenced by litter chemistry and are highly sensitive to abiotic conditions, little is known about the interactive effects of these two factors. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a 10 week microcosm experiment in which we simulated the effects of climate change on soil ecology. More specifically, we studied relationships among litter nutrient concentration, microbial biomass, Collembola demographic parameters, and litter decomposition, exploring the potential impacts of increasing air temperature and decreasing soil moisture. To develop a gradient of nutrient concentrations, we created six tree litter mixtures with materials gathered from Quercus pubescens and its companion species. In contrast to microbes, we observed that Collembola abundance and litter decomposition were interactively affected by soil moisture and air temperature: the negative effect of increasing air temperature on Collembola abundance was amplified by reduced soil moisture, whereas the positive effect of increasing air temperature on litter decomposition disappeared under reduced soil moisture conditions. In contrast to fungi, the response of bacterial biomass and Collembola abundance to litter nutrient concentration was dependent on abiotic conditions. More specifically, the relationships between nutrients, especially calcium and magnesium, and bacterial biomass and Collembola abundance were less robust or disappeared under drier or warmer conditions. In conclusion, our findings underscore that ongoing climate change could affect soil organisms directly as well as indirectly, by altering their responses to litter nutrient concentrations. In addition, we found that nutrient‐rich habitats might be more affected than nutrient‐poor habitats by altered climatic conditions.
土壤生物在森林生态系统的碳和养分循环中发挥着关键作用。虽然土壤生物受枯落物化学的影响很大,而且对非生物条件非常敏感,但人们对这两个因素的交互影响知之甚少。为了填补这一知识空白,我们进行了为期 10 周的微观世界实验,模拟气候变化对土壤生态的影响。更具体地说,我们研究了枯落物养分浓度、微生物生物量、鞘翅目昆虫种群参数和枯落物分解之间的关系,探索了气温升高和土壤湿度降低的潜在影响。为了形成养分浓度梯度,我们用从柞树及其伴生树种收集的材料制作了六种树木枯落物混合物。与微生物不同的是,我们观察到鞘翅目昆虫的丰度和枯落物的分解受到土壤湿度和气温的交互影响:气温升高对鞘翅目昆虫丰度的负面影响因土壤湿度降低而放大,而气温升高对枯落物分解的正面影响在土壤湿度降低的条件下消失。与真菌相反,细菌生物量和褶菌数量对垃圾养分浓度的反应取决于非生物条件。更具体地说,在更干燥或更温暖的条件下,养分(尤其是钙和镁)与细菌生物量和褶菌数量之间的关系就不那么稳固或消失了。总之,我们的研究结果表明,持续的气候变化可能会直接或间接地影响土壤中的生物,改变它们对枯落物养分浓度的反应。此外,我们还发现,营养丰富的栖息地可能比营养贫瘠的栖息地更容易受到气候条件变化的影响。
{"title":"Interactive effects of soil moisture, air temperature and litter nutrient diversity on soil microbial communities and Folsomia candida population","authors":"Charlotte Biryol, Adriane Aupic‐Samain, Caroline Lecareux, Thierry Gauquelin, Virginie Baldy, Mathieu Santonja","doi":"10.1111/oik.10345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10345","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organisms play a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. While soil organisms are strongly influenced by litter chemistry and are highly sensitive to abiotic conditions, little is known about the interactive effects of these two factors. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a 10 week microcosm experiment in which we simulated the effects of climate change on soil ecology. More specifically, we studied relationships among litter nutrient concentration, microbial biomass, Collembola demographic parameters, and litter decomposition, exploring the potential impacts of increasing air temperature and decreasing soil moisture. To develop a gradient of nutrient concentrations, we created six tree litter mixtures with materials gathered from <jats:italic>Quercus pubescens</jats:italic> and its companion species. In contrast to microbes, we observed that Collembola abundance and litter decomposition were interactively affected by soil moisture and air temperature: the negative effect of increasing air temperature on Collembola abundance was amplified by reduced soil moisture, whereas the positive effect of increasing air temperature on litter decomposition disappeared under reduced soil moisture conditions. In contrast to fungi, the response of bacterial biomass and Collembola abundance to litter nutrient concentration was dependent on abiotic conditions. More specifically, the relationships between nutrients, especially calcium and magnesium, and bacterial biomass and Collembola abundance were less robust or disappeared under drier or warmer conditions. In conclusion, our findings underscore that ongoing climate change could affect soil organisms directly as well as indirectly, by altering their responses to litter nutrient concentrations. In addition, we found that nutrient‐rich habitats might be more affected than nutrient‐poor habitats by altered climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coordinated distributed experiments in ecology do not consistently reduce heterogeneity in effect size 生态学中的协调分布式实验并不能持续减少效应大小的异质性
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10722
Julia Bebout, Jeremy W. Fox
Ecological meta‐analyses usually exhibit high relative heterogeneity of effect size: most among‐study variation in effect size represents true variation in mean effect size, rather than sampling error. This heterogeneity arises from both methodological and ecological sources. Methodological heterogeneity is a nuisance that complicates the interpretation of data syntheses. One way to reduce methodological heterogeneity is via coordinated distributed experiments, in which investigators conduct the same experiment at different sites, using the same methods. We tested whether coordinated distributed experiments in ecology exhibit 1) low heterogeneity in effect size, and 2) lower heterogeneity than meta‐analyses, using data on 17 effects from eight coordinated distributed experiments, and 406 meta‐analyses. Consistent with our expectations, among‐site heterogeneity typically comprised <50% of the variance in effect size in distributed experiments. In contrast, heterogeneity within and among studies typically comprised >90% of the variance in effect size in meta‐analyses. However, this difference largely reflected the small size of most coordinated distributed experiments, and was no longer significant after controlling for size (number of studies or sites). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that methodological heterogeneity rarely comprises a substantial fraction of variance in effect size in ecology. We also conducted pairwise comparisons of absolute heterogeneity between coordinated distributed experiments and meta‐analyses on the same topics. Coordinated distributed experiments did not consistently exhibit lower absolute heterogeneity in effect size than meta‐analyses on the same topics. Our findings suggest that coordinated distributed experiments rarely increase uniformity of results by reducing methodological heterogeneity. Our results help refine the numerous distinct reasons for conducting coordinated distributed experiments.
生态荟萃分析通常表现出效应大小的高度相对异质性:研究间效应大小的大多数差异代表平均效应大小的真实差异,而不是抽样误差。这种异质性既有方法上的,也有生态学上的。方法异质性是一种困扰,会使数据综合解释复杂化。减少方法异质性的一种方法是通过协调分布式实验,即研究者在不同地点使用相同的方法进行相同的实验。我们利用 8 项协调分布式实验的 17 项效应数据和 406 项元分析数据,检验了生态学协调分布式实验是否表现出:1)效应大小异质性低;2)异质性低于元分析。与我们的预期一致,在分布式实验中,研究地点之间的异质性通常占效应大小方差的 50%。与此相反,在荟萃分析中,研究内部和研究之间的异质性通常占效应大小方差的 90%。然而,这种差异在很大程度上反映了大多数协调分布式实验的规模较小,在控制了规模(研究或研究地点的数量)之后,这种差异不再显著。这些结果与方法异质性很少构成生态学效应大小变异的主要部分这一假设是一致的。我们还对协调分布式实验与相同主题的荟萃分析之间的绝对异质性进行了配对比较。与相同主题的荟萃分析相比,协调分布式实验的效应大小绝对异质性并不总是较低。我们的研究结果表明,协调分布式实验很少能通过减少方法异质性来提高结果的一致性。我们的研究结果有助于完善进行协调分布式实验的众多不同原因。
{"title":"Coordinated distributed experiments in ecology do not consistently reduce heterogeneity in effect size","authors":"Julia Bebout, Jeremy W. Fox","doi":"10.1111/oik.10722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10722","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological meta‐analyses usually exhibit high relative heterogeneity of effect size: most among‐study variation in effect size represents true variation in mean effect size, rather than sampling error. This heterogeneity arises from both methodological and ecological sources. Methodological heterogeneity is a nuisance that complicates the interpretation of data syntheses. One way to reduce methodological heterogeneity is via coordinated distributed experiments, in which investigators conduct the same experiment at different sites, using the same methods. We tested whether coordinated distributed experiments in ecology exhibit 1) low heterogeneity in effect size, and 2) lower heterogeneity than meta‐analyses, using data on 17 effects from eight coordinated distributed experiments, and 406 meta‐analyses. Consistent with our expectations, among‐site heterogeneity typically comprised &lt;50% of the variance in effect size in distributed experiments. In contrast, heterogeneity within and among studies typically comprised &gt;90% of the variance in effect size in meta‐analyses. However, this difference largely reflected the small size of most coordinated distributed experiments, and was no longer significant after controlling for size (number of studies or sites). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that methodological heterogeneity rarely comprises a substantial fraction of variance in effect size in ecology. We also conducted pairwise comparisons of absolute heterogeneity between coordinated distributed experiments and meta‐analyses on the same topics. Coordinated distributed experiments did not consistently exhibit lower absolute heterogeneity in effect size than meta‐analyses on the same topics. Our findings suggest that coordinated distributed experiments rarely increase uniformity of results by reducing methodological heterogeneity. Our results help refine the numerous distinct reasons for conducting coordinated distributed experiments.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk response towards roads is consistent across multiple species in a temperate forest ecosystem 温带森林生态系统中的多个物种对道路的风险反应是一致的
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/oik.10433
Matteo Luca Bastianelli, Christian von Hoermann, Katrin Kirchner, Johannes Signer, Claudia Dupke, Maik Henrich, Elodie Wielgus, Christian Fiderer, Elisa Belotti, Luděk Bufka, Simone Ciuti, Carsten F. Dormann, Tobias Kuemmerle, Ilse Storch, Clara Grilo, Marco Heurich
Roads can have diverse impacts on wildlife species, and while some species may adapt effectively, others may not. Studying multiple species' responses to the same infrastructure in a given area can help understand this variation and reveal the effects of disturbance on the ecology of wildlife communities. This study investigates the behavioural responses of four species with distinctive ecological and behavioural traits to roads in the protected Bohemian Forest Ecosystem in central Europe: European roe deer Capreolus capreolus, a solitary herbivore; red deer Cervus elaphus a gregarious herbivore; wild boar Sus scrofa, a gregarious omnivore and Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx, a solitary large carnivore. We used GPS data gathered from each species to study movement behaviour and habitat selection in relation to roads using an integrated step selection analysis. For all species and sexes, we predicted increased movement rates in response to roads, selection of vegetation cover near roads and open areas after road crossings, and increased road avoidance during the day. We found remarkably similar behavioural responses towards roads across species. The behavioural adaptations to road exposure, such as increased movement rates and selection for vegetation cover, were analogous to responses to natural predation risk. Roads were more strongly avoided during daytime, when traffic volume was high. Road crossings were more frequent at twilight and at night within open areas offering food resources. Gregarious animals exposed to roads favoured stronger road avoidance over faster movements. Ungulates crossed roads more at twilight, coinciding with commuter traffic during winter. Despite differences in the ecology and behaviour of the four species, our results showed similar adaptations towards a common threat. The continuous expansion of the global transportation network should be accompanied by efforts to understand and minimise the impact of roads on wildlife to assist wildlife management and ensure conservation.
道路对野生动物物种的影响多种多样,有些物种可以有效适应,有些物种则不能。研究特定区域内多个物种对相同基础设施的反应有助于了解这种差异,并揭示干扰对野生动物群落生态的影响。本研究调查了欧洲中部受保护的波希米亚森林生态系统中具有独特生态和行为特征的四个物种对道路的行为反应:它们分别是:独居食草动物欧洲狍(Capreolus capreolus)、群居食草动物红鹿(Cervus elaphus)、群居杂食动物野猪(Sus scrofa)和独居大型食肉动物欧亚猞猁(Lynx lynx)。我们利用从每个物种收集到的 GPS 数据,采用综合步骤选择分析法研究了与道路相关的移动行为和栖息地选择。对于所有种类和性别的猞猁,我们预测其对道路的移动速度会增加,会选择道路附近的植被和道路交叉后的空旷区域,并在白天增加对道路的回避。我们发现不同物种对道路的行为反应非常相似。对道路暴露的行为适应,如增加移动速度和选择植被覆盖,类似于对自然捕食风险的反应。在交通流量大的白天,它们会更强烈地避开道路。在黄昏和夜间,在提供食物资源的开阔地带,动物更频繁地穿越道路。在道路上活动的动物更倾向于避开道路,而不是快速移动。有蹄类动物更多地在黄昏时分穿越道路,这与冬季的通勤交通相吻合。尽管这四种动物的生态和行为存在差异,但我们的研究结果表明,它们对共同威胁的适应性相似。在全球交通网络不断扩大的同时,应努力了解并尽量减少道路对野生动物的影响,以协助野生动物管理和确保保护。
{"title":"Risk response towards roads is consistent across multiple species in a temperate forest ecosystem","authors":"Matteo Luca Bastianelli, Christian von Hoermann, Katrin Kirchner, Johannes Signer, Claudia Dupke, Maik Henrich, Elodie Wielgus, Christian Fiderer, Elisa Belotti, Luděk Bufka, Simone Ciuti, Carsten F. Dormann, Tobias Kuemmerle, Ilse Storch, Clara Grilo, Marco Heurich","doi":"10.1111/oik.10433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10433","url":null,"abstract":"Roads can have diverse impacts on wildlife species, and while some species may adapt effectively, others may not. Studying multiple species' responses to the same infrastructure in a given area can help understand this variation and reveal the effects of disturbance on the ecology of wildlife communities. This study investigates the behavioural responses of four species with distinctive ecological and behavioural traits to roads in the protected Bohemian Forest Ecosystem in central Europe: European roe deer <jats:italic>Capreolus capreolus</jats:italic>, a solitary herbivore; red deer <jats:italic>Cervus elaphus</jats:italic> a gregarious herbivore; wild boar <jats:italic>Sus scrofa</jats:italic>, a gregarious omnivore and Eurasian lynx <jats:italic>Lynx lynx</jats:italic>, a solitary large carnivore. We used GPS data gathered from each species to study movement behaviour and habitat selection in relation to roads using an integrated step selection analysis. For all species and sexes, we predicted increased movement rates in response to roads, selection of vegetation cover near roads and open areas after road crossings, and increased road avoidance during the day. We found remarkably similar behavioural responses towards roads across species. The behavioural adaptations to road exposure, such as increased movement rates and selection for vegetation cover, were analogous to responses to natural predation risk. Roads were more strongly avoided during daytime, when traffic volume was high. Road crossings were more frequent at twilight and at night within open areas offering food resources. Gregarious animals exposed to roads favoured stronger road avoidance over faster movements. Ungulates crossed roads more at twilight, coinciding with commuter traffic during winter. Despite differences in the ecology and behaviour of the four species, our results showed similar adaptations towards a common threat. The continuous expansion of the global transportation network should be accompanied by efforts to understand and minimise the impact of roads on wildlife to assist wildlife management and ensure conservation.","PeriodicalId":19496,"journal":{"name":"Oikos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Oikos
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1