Ophthalmology最新文献

英文中文

Multiple Retinal Emboli in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 非动脉性前缺血性视神经病变多发视网膜栓塞。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.08.016

Lindan Xie MD , Meng Dong MD , Mei Han MD

引用次数: 0

Triple Immune Rings with Cytomegalovirus Corneal Endotheliitis 巨细胞病毒角膜内皮炎的三重免疫环。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.08.011

Suzu Deie MD, Atsuhiko Fukuto MD, PhD, Tai-ichiro Chikama MD, PhD

引用次数: 0

Intraocular Pressure after Phacoemulsification with Retained Lens Fragments in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) IRIS®注册表（视力智能研究）中保留晶状体碎片的超声乳化术后的眼压。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.10.008

Adam L. Rothman MD , Lomas S. Persad PhD , Vikram R. Paranjpe MD, MPH , Ta Chen Chang MD , Flora Lum MD , Elizabeth A. Vanner PhD , Robert C. O’Brien PhD

Purpose

To describe intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after cataract surgery resulting in retained lens fragments (RLFs).

Design

Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Participants

Eyes in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) that underwent stand-alone phacoemulsification resulting in RLFs.

Methods

Daily mean IOP was calculated from postoperative days 1 through 90. An IOP spike was defined as a daily mean IOP > 30 mmHg and > 10 mmHg above baseline IOP within the first postoperative week. A linear mixed model determined when the postoperative daily mean IOP stabilized, and a final mean IOP was calculated by averaging the final daily mean IOP for all eyes from that time point onward. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for demographic and clinical characteristics were calculated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Eyes were censored on additional intervention that could affect IOP such as secondary surgery or addition of IOP-lowering medication.

Main Outcome Measures

Postoperative daily mean IOP and incidence and OR of IOP spike.

Results

Retained lens fragments were noted in 6105 eyes with mean (standard deviation [SD]) baseline IOP of 15.8 (3.6) mmHg. An initial elevation in daily mean (SD) IOP after cataract surgery to 21.2 (8.5) mmHg was noted that gradually declined but remained above baseline IOP until postoperative day 14. The final mean (SD) IOP and weeks until IOP stabilization were 15.0 (4.1) mmHg at 5 weeks. An IOP spike occurred in 766 eyes (12.5%). Factors associated with IOP spike include male sex (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.28–1.70; P < 0.0001), higher baseline IOP (OR, 1.24 per 3 mmHg; 95% CI, 1.18–1.31 per 3 mmHg; P < 0.0001), and glaucoma diagnosis (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.39; P = 0.038).

Conclusions

The initial IOP elevation after phacoemulsification resulting in RLFs is higher than after standard cataract surgery because of an increased incidence of IOP spike. Surgeons should be more vigilant for possible IOP spikes in eyes with higher baseline IOP, male sex, and glaucoma. Eyes without an indication for secondary intervention will show a gradual IOP return to baseline level that will stabilize after an average of 5 weeks.

Financial Disclosure(s)

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

目的：描述白内障手术后导致晶状体碎片残留（RLF）的眼内压（IOP）变化。设计：回顾性临床队列研究。参与者：在2013年1月1日至2019年9月30日期间接受独立超声乳化术导致RLF的IRIS®注册中心（Intelligent Research in Sight）中的眼睛。方法：术后第1 ~ 90天计算每日平均眼压。IOP峰值定义为术后第一周内每日平均IOP >30 mmHg和>10 mmHg高于基线IOP。使用线性混合模型确定术后日平均IOP稳定的时间，并通过计算该时间点以后所有眼睛的日平均IOP平均值计算最终平均IOP。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析计算人口学和临床特征的优势比（OR）和95%可信区间（CI）。在可能影响IOP的额外干预（如二次手术或添加降低眼压的药物）后，检查眼睛。主要观察指标：术后每日平均眼压；结果：6105只眼观察到晶状体碎片残留，平均（标准差，SD）基线IOP为15.8 (3.6)mmHg。白内障术后每日平均（SD） IOP最初升高至21.2 (8.5)mmHg，逐渐下降，但直到术后第14天仍高于基线IOP。5周时IOP稳定前的最终平均（SD） IOP和周数为15.0 (4.1)mm Hg。766眼（12.5%）出现眼压尖峰。与IOP尖峰相关的因素包括男性（OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.28-1.70），结论：由于IOP尖峰的发生率增加，超声乳化术后导致RLF的初始IOP升高高于标准白内障手术。对于基线IOP较高的眼睛、男性和青光眼，外科医生应该更加警惕可能出现的IOP峰值。没有二次干预指征的眼睛，IOP将逐渐恢复到基线水平，平均5周后稳定下来。

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引用次数: 0

Ocular Calciphylaxis in a 46-year-old Man on Hemodialysis 46岁血液透析患者眼部钙化反应。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.035

James O. Robbins MD, MS, Nathan T. Tagg MD, Lejla Vajzovic MD, FASRS

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Video-Based Dichoptic Therapy vs. Patching in Children with Amblyopia 基于视频的二分法治疗与贴片治疗弱视儿童的有效性：随机对照试验的荟萃分析

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.10.013

Carolina Carvalho Soares Valentim MD , Guilherme Melchior Maia Lopes , Matheus Pedrotti Chavez , Nuno Rodrigues Alves MD , Neeran Narainswami MD , Eduardo de Carvalho Mazzocato MD , Pedro Henrique Sperotto , Mehmet Eren Guner MD

Topic

To compare the effectiveness of video-based dichoptic therapy versus patching in improving vision of children with amblyopia.

Clinical Relevance

Amblyopia remains an important cause of monocular vision loss in children and young adults.

Methods

This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines and its protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD420251031242). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing video-based dichoptic therapy vs. patching in children with anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia. The primary outcome was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the amblyopic eye. The secondary outcomes included change in stereoacuity and adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted for children with high adherence to treatment. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. A meta-regression using a mixed-effects model evaluated the relationship between treatment adherence and effect size. Analyses were performed using R software.

Results

Fourteen studies, including 1110 participants, were analyzed. No significant differences were found between dichoptic therapy and patching for change in BCVA (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.53 to 0.05; P = 0.11; I² = 79%; very low certainty), stereoacuity (SMD –0.19, 95% CI –0.47 to 0.08; P = 0.17; I² = 54%; very low certainty), or overall adverse events (risk ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.86–1.80; P = 0.25; I² = 0%; moderate certainty). However, there was a significant improvement in vision among children with high adherence to dichoptic therapy compared to patching (SMD –0.59, 95% CI –0.98 to –0.20; P < 0.01; I² = 73%; very low certainty). Higher adherence to dichoptic therapy significantly predicted greater improvement in BCVA (I² = 63.40%; estimate –0.0125, P = 0.0014).

Conclusion

Video-based dichoptic therapy and patching are similarly effective for improving vision in amblyopic children. However, high adherence to dichoptic therapy may be associated with greater visual improvement. Given the low certainty of evidence, further studies are needed to establish optimal treatment protocols.

Financial Disclosure(s)

The author has no/the authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

题目：比较视像复视治疗与贴片治疗在改善弱视儿童视力方面的效果。弱视仍然是儿童和年轻人单眼视力丧失的重要原因。本研究遵循系统评价和meta分析2020指南的首选报告项目，其方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册（CRD420251031242）中注册。系统检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane中央对照试验注册库，以确定随机对照试验，比较基于视频的视光治疗和贴片治疗屈光参差或斜视弱视儿童。主要结果是弱视眼最佳矫正视力（BCVA）的改变。次要结果包括立体视敏度的改变和不良事件。对治疗依从性高的儿童进行亚组分析。数据采用随机效应模型汇总。使用混合效应模型的meta回归评估了治疗依从性和效应大小之间的关系。采用R软件进行分析。结果共分析了14项研究，包括1110名参与者。二分疗法和贴片治疗在BCVA（标准化平均差[SMD] -0.24, 95%可信区间[CI] -0.53至0.05;P = 0.11; I2 = 79%；极低确定性）、立体视明（SMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.47至0.08;P = 0.17; I2 = 54%；极低确定性）或总体不良事件（风险比1.24,95% CI 0.86至1.80;P = 0.25; I2 = 0%；中等确定性）的变化方面无显著差异。然而，与贴片治疗相比，高度坚持双视治疗的儿童视力有显著改善（SMD -0.59, 95% CI -0.98至-0.20;P < 0.01; I2 = 73%；非常低的确定性）。坚持双重治疗可显著改善BCVA （I2 = 63.40%；估计值-0.0125,P = 0.0014）。结论视频辅助视光治疗与贴片治疗对弱视儿童视力的改善效果相似。然而，高度坚持复视治疗可能与更大的视力改善有关。鉴于证据的低确定性，需要进一步的研究来建立最佳的治疗方案。财务披露作者在本文中讨论的任何材料中没有/作者没有专有或商业利益。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Zoster Eye Disease Study Using Original End Point Criteria 使用原始终点标准的带状疱疹眼病研究分析

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.10.018

Bennie H. Jeng MD , Deborah S. Jacobs MD, MSc , Ting-Fang Lee PhD , Andrea B. Troxel ScD , Mengling Liu PhD , Kathryn A. Colby MD, PhD , Jiyu Kim PhD , Judith S. Hochman MD , Elisabeth J. Cohen MD , ZEDS Trial Research Group

引用次数: 0

Conjunctival Ulceration Associated with Pembrolizumab 结膜溃疡与派姆单抗相关。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.034

Meng Wang MD , Yong Zhong MD

引用次数: 0

“Stepwise Extension Treatment Protocol” versus “Pro Re Nata Regimen” of Intense Pulsed Light for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction “逐步扩展治疗（SET）方案”对比强脉冲光治疗睑板腺功能障碍的“Pro Re Nata方案”。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.09.032

Hyunmin Ahn MD, PhD , Jae Lim Chung MD, PhD , Ikhyun Jun MD, PhD , Tae-im Kim MD, PhD , Kyoung Yul Seo MD, PhD

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of a stepwise extension treatment (SET) protocol and a pro re nata (PRN) regimen of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy with warm compresses for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Design

A prospective, comparative study.

Participants

Participants with meibomian gland expressibility (MGE) or meibum quality (MQ) grade 2 or higher.

Methods

All participants initially received 4 IPL sessions at 4-week intervals. In the SET group, intervals were extended or shortened by 2 weeks based on clinical response. In the PRN group, re-treatment was performed only when predefined criteria were met. Re-treatment was indicated if the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was ≥23 or increased from the prior visit, along with MGE or MQ ≥2. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was used for analysis.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measures were the longitudinal changes in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), meibomian gland expressibility (MGE), and meibum quality (MQ). The total number of IPL sessions administered from baseline to 24 months was assessed as a secondary outcome.

Results

Among 412 participants, 308 (74.8 %) completed the study. Mean changes in OSDI, MGE, and MQ from baseline to 24 months were –16.0, –0.8, and –0.9 in the SET group and –15.3, –0.7, and –0.8 in the PRN group, respectively (all P > 0.05). In patients with baseline MGE or MQ grade ≤2, both protocols effectively reduced scores to below 1.5. In patients with MGE grade 3, the SET group demonstrated greater improvement (P < 0.01), and episodic exacerbations were observed in the PRN group. The mean number of IPL sessions over 24 months was 14.8 ± 4.2 (median 13.0) in the SET group and 10.0 ± 6.4 (median 8.0) in the PRN group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Both SET and PRN regimens led to symptomatic and functional improvement in MGD. Patients with mild-to-moderate MGD responded well to either regimen. In severe MGD, the SET protocol may provide more stable long-term control, suggesting the importance of individualized treatment approaches.

Financial Disclosure(s)

The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

目的：比较逐步延伸治疗（SET）方案和Pro Re Nata （PRN）方案的强脉冲光（IPL）热敷治疗睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）的疗效。设计：一项前瞻性比较研究参与者：睑板腺表达性（MGE）或睑板质量（MQ） 2级或以上的参与者。方法：所有参与者最初每隔4周接受4次IPL治疗。SET组根据临床反应延长或缩短治疗间隔2周。在PRN组中，仅在满足预定义标准时才进行再治疗。如果眼表疾病指数(OSDI)≥23或较前次就诊增加，且MGE或MQ≥2，则需要重新治疗。采用线性混合模型进行分析。主要转归指标：主要转归指标为眼表疾病指数（OSDI）、睑板腺表达性（MGE）和睑板质量（MQ）的纵向变化。从基线到24个月，IPL治疗的总次数作为次要结果进行评估。结果：在412名参与者中，308名（74.8%）完成了研究。从基线到24个月，SET组OSDI、MGE和MQ的平均变化分别为-16.0、-0.8和-0.9，PRN组为-15.3、-0.7和-0.8（均P < 0.05）。在基线MGE或MQ等级≤2的患者中，两种方案都有效地将评分降至1.5以下。在MGE 3级患者中，SET组表现出更大的改善（P < 0.01）， PRN组出现了发作性加重。SET组24个月内IPL的平均次数为14.8±4.2次（中位数13.0），PRN组为10.0±6.4次（中位数8.0）（P < 0.01）。结论：SET和PRN方案均可改善MGD的症状和功能。轻度至中度MGD患者对两种方案均有良好反应。在严重的MGD中，SET方案可能提供更稳定的长期控制，这表明个性化治疗方法的重要性。

{"title":"“Stepwise Extension Treatment Protocol” versus “Pro Re Nata Regimen” of Intense Pulsed Light for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction","authors":"Hyunmin Ahn MD, PhD , Jae Lim Chung MD, PhD , Ikhyun Jun MD, PhD , Tae-im Kim MD, PhD , Kyoung Yul Seo MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the efficacy of a stepwise extension treatment (SET) protocol and a pro re nata (PRN) regimen of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy with warm compresses for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective, comparative study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Participants with meibomian gland expressibility (MGE) or meibum quality (MQ) grade 2 or higher.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All participants initially received 4 IPL sessions at 4-week intervals. In the SET group, intervals were extended or shortened by 2 weeks based on clinical response. In the PRN group, re-treatment was performed only when predefined criteria were met. Re-treatment was indicated if the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was ≥23 or increased from the prior visit, along with MGE or MQ ≥2. A linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary outcome measures were the longitudinal changes in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), meibomian gland expressibility (MGE), and meibum quality (MQ). The total number of IPL sessions administered from baseline to 24 months was assessed as a secondary outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 412 participants, 308 (74.8 %) completed the study. Mean changes in OSDI, MGE, and MQ from baseline to 24 months were –16.0, –0.8, and –0.9 in the SET group and –15.3, –0.7, and –0.8 in the PRN group, respectively (all <em>P</em> > 0.05). In patients with baseline MGE or MQ grade ≤2, both protocols effectively reduced scores to below 1.5. In patients with MGE grade 3, the SET group demonstrated greater improvement (<em>P</em> < 0.01), and episodic exacerbations were observed in the PRN group. The mean number of IPL sessions over 24 months was 14.8 ± 4.2 (median 13.0) in the SET group and 10.0 ± 6.4 (median 8.0) in the PRN group (<em>P</em> < 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both SET and PRN regimens led to symptomatic and functional improvement in MGD. Patients with mild-to-moderate MGD responded well to either regimen. In severe MGD, the SET protocol may provide more stable long-term control, suggesting the importance of individualized treatment approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":"133 3","pages":"Pages 350-358"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ophthalmic Drug Shortages in the United States: Survey of the University of Utah Drug Information Service Drug Shortage Database. 美国眼科药物短缺：对犹他大学药物信息服务药物短缺数据库的调查。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2026.02.025

Robert T Eakins, Lieu Nguyen Lowrie, Brian C Stagg, Adaora Okudo, Rachel Simpson, Marrisa Larochelle, Erin R Fox, Ian Pitha

Purpose: To survey ophthalmic drug shortages in the United States from 2001 to 2024 using the University of Utah Drug Information Service (UUDIS) national database.

Design: Retrospective database review.

Methods: UUDIS drug shortage reports from 2001 to 2024 were reviewed and shortages due to drug discontinuation, business decision, or duration of 1 day or less were excluded from analysis. The remaining 3,086 drug shortage reports from 2001 to 2024 were reviewed by a panel of four ophthalmologists and a clinical pharmacist. Drugs used in ophthalmology were highlighted, and their clinical applications were established. Drug delivery route (local versus systemic), the cause of the shortage, the duration of the shortage, and whether the drug was patent-protected during the shortage were assessed.

Results: Of 3,086 shortage reports, 379 were of ophthalmic medications, of which 329 shortages had resolved and 50 remained active as of June 2024. On average, ophthalmic medications accounted for 15% of active shortages at any given time. Systemic and locally delivered medications were equally represented; most shortages were of anti-infective medications (35%) and steroids (26%). The leading causes of ophthalmic medication shortages were unknown (63%), manufacturing problems (20%), and supply/demand mismatch (10%). Median duration of ophthalmic medication shortage was 326 days (IQR, 145-695); nearly 30 days longer than the median duration for all drugs (298 days, IQR, 111-619, p=0.023). Mean shortage duration of ophthalmic medications that were patent-protected during each shortage was significantly less (184 days; IQR 48-422) than medications that experienced a shortage while off-patent (359 days, 164-755, p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Ophthalmic drug shortages constitute a significant portion of total drug shortages, the median shortage length is greater than all medications, and shortage duration is influenced by patent status.

目的：利用犹他大学药物信息服务（UUDIS）国家数据库调查2001年至2024年美国眼科药物短缺情况。设计：回顾性数据库审查。方法：回顾2001 - 2024年UUDIS药品短缺报告，排除因停药、经营决策、持续时间1天及以下原因导致的短缺。从2001年到2024年，剩余的3086份药物短缺报告由四名眼科医生和一名临床药剂师组成的小组进行了审查。重点介绍眼科常用药物，并建立其临床应用。评估药物输送途径（局部还是全身）、短缺原因、短缺持续时间以及短缺期间药物是否受到专利保护。结果：3086份短缺报告中，眼科药品短缺报告379份，其中329份短缺报告已得到解决，50份短缺报告截至2024年6月仍有效。在任何给定时间，眼科药物平均占主动短缺的15%。全身和局部给药的比例相等；最短缺的是抗感染药物（35%）和类固醇（26%）。眼科药物短缺的主要原因是未知（63%）、生产问题（20%）和供需不匹配（10%）。眼科药物短缺的中位持续时间为326天（IQR, 145-695）；比所有药物的中位持续时间长近30天（298天，IQR, 111 ~ 619, p=0.023）。在每次短缺期间，受专利保护的眼科药物的平均短缺持续时间（184天，IQR 48-422）显著小于非专利期间出现短缺的眼科药物（359天，164-755）。结论：眼科药物短缺占总短缺的很大一部分，短缺长度的中位数大于所有药物，短缺持续时间受专利状态的影响。

{"title":"Ophthalmic Drug Shortages in the United States: Survey of the University of Utah Drug Information Service Drug Shortage Database.","authors":"Robert T Eakins, Lieu Nguyen Lowrie, Brian C Stagg, Adaora Okudo, Rachel Simpson, Marrisa Larochelle, Erin R Fox, Ian Pitha","doi":"10.1016/j.ophtha.2026.02.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2026.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To survey ophthalmic drug shortages in the United States from 2001 to 2024 using the University of Utah Drug Information Service (UUDIS) national database.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective database review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>UUDIS drug shortage reports from 2001 to 2024 were reviewed and shortages due to drug discontinuation, business decision, or duration of 1 day or less were excluded from analysis. The remaining 3,086 drug shortage reports from 2001 to 2024 were reviewed by a panel of four ophthalmologists and a clinical pharmacist. Drugs used in ophthalmology were highlighted, and their clinical applications were established. Drug delivery route (local versus systemic), the cause of the shortage, the duration of the shortage, and whether the drug was patent-protected during the shortage were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,086 shortage reports, 379 were of ophthalmic medications, of which 329 shortages had resolved and 50 remained active as of June 2024. On average, ophthalmic medications accounted for 15% of active shortages at any given time. Systemic and locally delivered medications were equally represented; most shortages were of anti-infective medications (35%) and steroids (26%). The leading causes of ophthalmic medication shortages were unknown (63%), manufacturing problems (20%), and supply/demand mismatch (10%). Median duration of ophthalmic medication shortage was 326 days (IQR, 145-695); nearly 30 days longer than the median duration for all drugs (298 days, IQR, 111-619, p=0.023). Mean shortage duration of ophthalmic medications that were patent-protected during each shortage was significantly less (184 days; IQR 48-422) than medications that experienced a shortage while off-patent (359 days, 164-755, p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ophthalmic drug shortages constitute a significant portion of total drug shortages, the median shortage length is greater than all medications, and shortage duration is influenced by patent status.</p>","PeriodicalId":19533,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re: Liao et al.: Human papillomavirus infection is associated with increased risk of glaucoma: evidence in an electronic health record study(Ophthalmology. 2025;132:1161-1168). 廖等人：人乳头瘤病毒感染与青光眼风险增加相关：电子健康记录研究中的证据（眼科学）。132:1161 2025; 1168)。

IF 9.5 1区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2026.01.022

Flora Lum

引用次数: 0

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