We propose and experimentally demonstrate a bidirectional angled multimode interferometer (Bi-AMMI) for interleaved wavelength division multiplexing applications. The spectral response of the 2 × 4 Bi-AMMI is obtained using an eigenmode expansion method, including the cross coupling between the input and output ports at the same side of the multimode waveguide. To verify our design, both the standalone and interleaved Bi-AMMIs were fabricated and measured. The Bi-AMMI exhibits an insertion loss of 0.99 to 1.21 dB, and the unwanted cross coupling is lower than −20 dB. The interleaved device exhibits a measured optical loss of 4.77 to 5.02 dB, and the average crosstalk is calculated to be −18 dB.
{"title":"Interleaved bidirectional angled multimode interferometer for wavelength division (de)multiplexings","authors":"Zanyun Zhang, Jiaming Xing, Beiju Huang, Tianjun Liu, Kaixin Zhang, Meixin Li, Hao Jiang, Qixin Wang","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.107101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.107101","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and experimentally demonstrate a bidirectional angled multimode interferometer (Bi-AMMI) for interleaved wavelength division multiplexing applications. The spectral response of the 2 × 4 Bi-AMMI is obtained using an eigenmode expansion method, including the cross coupling between the input and output ports at the same side of the multimode waveguide. To verify our design, both the standalone and interleaved Bi-AMMIs were fabricated and measured. The Bi-AMMI exhibits an insertion loss of 0.99 to 1.21 dB, and the unwanted cross coupling is lower than −20 dB. The interleaved device exhibits a measured optical loss of 4.77 to 5.02 dB, and the average crosstalk is calculated to be −18 dB.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"55 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041206
Mario Badás, Pierre Piron, Jasper Bouwmeester, Jérôme Loicq, Hans Kuiper, Eberhard Gill
Growing interest in free-space optical communication, due to the high bandwidth and security provided by these links, has generated the necessity of designing high-performance satellite terminals. In order to develop these terminals, the opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena that appear in the space environment and their effect on optical communication links have to be understood in detail. A review of the opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena occurring in spaceborne terminals is presented, describing the relevance of each of them. The methods found to compute the impact on the communication performance due to opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena are collected by building the bridge between the optical and communication performance parameters. Finally, techniques available to mitigate the detrimental effects of these phenomena are classified, and the relevant research challenges are identified.
{"title":"Opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena in satellite free-space optical communications: survey and challenges","authors":"Mario Badás, Pierre Piron, Jasper Bouwmeester, Jérôme Loicq, Hans Kuiper, Eberhard Gill","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041206","url":null,"abstract":"Growing interest in free-space optical communication, due to the high bandwidth and security provided by these links, has generated the necessity of designing high-performance satellite terminals. In order to develop these terminals, the opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena that appear in the space environment and their effect on optical communication links have to be understood in detail. A review of the opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena occurring in spaceborne terminals is presented, describing the relevance of each of them. The methods found to compute the impact on the communication performance due to opto-thermo-mechanical phenomena are collected by building the bridge between the optical and communication performance parameters. Finally, techniques available to mitigate the detrimental effects of these phenomena are classified, and the relevant research challenges are identified.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagers utilize self emission in 8 to 12 μm spectral band to image objects passively even during night time when the reflected radiation is not available. These are mostly used for surveillance purpose requiring large field of view (FOV). Achieving wide FOV and high-resolution image of megapixel (MP) order requires higher format detectors that are not readily available in LWIR. Further, the optical performance gets limited by fundamental limits of space bandwidth factor. An LWIR monocentric multiscale imager is proposed. The designed lens operates at f / 1.5 with effective focal length (EFL) of 50 mm and effective pixel count of 3.9 MP. It covers 80 deg × 16 deg FOV over five detector arrays. We discuss the basics of multiscale imaging, the specific issues in LWIR band and their mitigation, optical design approach and finally analyze the optical performance of the designed lens.
{"title":"Optical design of a multiscale imager in 8 to 12 μm spectral band using monocentric lens","authors":"Manish Uniyal, Ranabir Mandal, Pramod Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.105104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.105104","url":null,"abstract":"Long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagers utilize self emission in 8 to 12 μm spectral band to image objects passively even during night time when the reflected radiation is not available. These are mostly used for surveillance purpose requiring large field of view (FOV). Achieving wide FOV and high-resolution image of megapixel (MP) order requires higher format detectors that are not readily available in LWIR. Further, the optical performance gets limited by fundamental limits of space bandwidth factor. An LWIR monocentric multiscale imager is proposed. The designed lens operates at f / 1.5 with effective focal length (EFL) of 50 mm and effective pixel count of 3.9 MP. It covers 80 deg × 16 deg FOV over five detector arrays. We discuss the basics of multiscale imaging, the specific issues in LWIR band and their mitigation, optical design approach and finally analyze the optical performance of the designed lens.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.62.10.108101
Amer Kotb, Kyriakos E. Zoiros, Eng Hwa Yap
The loss of one bit of information causes energy dissipation in traditional logic gates at ambient temperature, but when the number of bits is greater, as in high-speed networks, the heat released by them is so great that it impacts performance and shortens component lifetime. Using reversible logic gates, which ideally result in zero energy dissipation, these problems in ordinary Boolean functions can be solved. At 100 Gb/s, an all-optical three-input-output reversible PNOR logic gate is numerically simulated in this article using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs)-based switching units. The quality factor (Q-factor) and the bit error rate (BER) are the metrics against which the performance of reversible PNOR operation is assessed. The results indicate the feasibility of realizing all-optically the PNOR gate at 100 Gb/s since the SOA-based scheme, along with correct logic operation, manages to achieve more than acceptable Q-factor and BER.
{"title":"All-optical reversible PNOR logic gate using semiconductor optical amplifiers at 100 Gb/s","authors":"Amer Kotb, Kyriakos E. Zoiros, Eng Hwa Yap","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.108101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.108101","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of one bit of information causes energy dissipation in traditional logic gates at ambient temperature, but when the number of bits is greater, as in high-speed networks, the heat released by them is so great that it impacts performance and shortens component lifetime. Using reversible logic gates, which ideally result in zero energy dissipation, these problems in ordinary Boolean functions can be solved. At 100 Gb/s, an all-optical three-input-output reversible PNOR logic gate is numerically simulated in this article using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs)-based switching units. The quality factor (Q-factor) and the bit error rate (BER) are the metrics against which the performance of reversible PNOR operation is assessed. The results indicate the feasibility of realizing all-optically the PNOR gate at 100 Gb/s since the SOA-based scheme, along with correct logic operation, manages to achieve more than acceptable Q-factor and BER.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135731794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Erratum corrects misspelling in an author name.
{"title":"Infrared lens units using chalcogenide glass with high transmission properties (Erratum)","authors":"Yoshimasa Matsushita, Fumio Sato, Noriaki Masuda, Masafumi Kimata","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.109801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.109801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Erratum corrects misspelling in an author name.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.62.10.104104
Wang Xiang, Linrui Wang, Junfei Dai
We present an adaptive phase unwrapping method based on geometric constraints and the gradient field without additional images for high-speed three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. Specifically, we reconstruct the 3D geometry of moving objects frame by frame. We first create a reference phase map at the depth provided by the former frame. Then we optimize the depth value by validating the continuity of the computed unwrapped phase based on the modulus of the gradient field and recalculate the correct absolute phase map with the optimal depth value. After reconstructing the 3D geometry of the current frame, 3D data are delivered to the next frame. In particular, a geometric constraint-based method is applied in the first frame. Experiment results indicate that our approach, which requires only three phase-shifted fringe patterns per frame, can measure moving objects with high accuracy and robustness. Additionally, several isolated objects can also be measured by our method if they are continuous.
{"title":"Dynamic three-dimensional shape measurement based on an adaptive phase unwrapping method","authors":"Wang Xiang, Linrui Wang, Junfei Dai","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.104104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.104104","url":null,"abstract":"We present an adaptive phase unwrapping method based on geometric constraints and the gradient field without additional images for high-speed three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement. Specifically, we reconstruct the 3D geometry of moving objects frame by frame. We first create a reference phase map at the depth provided by the former frame. Then we optimize the depth value by validating the continuity of the computed unwrapped phase based on the modulus of the gradient field and recalculate the correct absolute phase map with the optimal depth value. After reconstructing the 3D geometry of the current frame, 3D data are delivered to the next frame. In particular, a geometric constraint-based method is applied in the first frame. Experiment results indicate that our approach, which requires only three phase-shifted fringe patterns per frame, can measure moving objects with high accuracy and robustness. Additionally, several isolated objects can also be measured by our method if they are continuous.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"135 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041204
Aanchal Gupta, Divya Dhawan, Neena Gupta
With the rapid advancements in wireless technology, the incorporation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in free space optical (FSO) communication can reap several benefits related to coverage, security, and capacity. The parameters involved for the analysis of such systems are studied in detail. The irradiance fluctuations in the received beam due to turbulence induced fading and geometric and misalignment effects are to be taken care of in order to minimize the bit error rate. The random variables involved in a UAV-employed FSO link are larger than that present in an FSO system. Thus, efficient designing of a UAV-employed FSO system is relatively more challenging as compared to a ground-based terrestrial FSO link. There are many performance metrics that can be defined and are to be analyzed in order to optimize the parameters associated with UAV-based FSO systems and design a link with good quality of service. Some recent methods are also explored for further improving the reliability and coverage of UAV based FSO networks.
{"title":"Review on UAV-based FSO links: recent advances, challenges, and performance metrics","authors":"Aanchal Gupta, Divya Dhawan, Neena Gupta","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041204","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid advancements in wireless technology, the incorporation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in free space optical (FSO) communication can reap several benefits related to coverage, security, and capacity. The parameters involved for the analysis of such systems are studied in detail. The irradiance fluctuations in the received beam due to turbulence induced fading and geometric and misalignment effects are to be taken care of in order to minimize the bit error rate. The random variables involved in a UAV-employed FSO link are larger than that present in an FSO system. Thus, efficient designing of a UAV-employed FSO system is relatively more challenging as compared to a ground-based terrestrial FSO link. There are many performance metrics that can be defined and are to be analyzed in order to optimize the parameters associated with UAV-based FSO systems and design a link with good quality of service. Some recent methods are also explored for further improving the reliability and coverage of UAV based FSO networks.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"42 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.62.10.105103
Xiaping Zhang
Spatiotemporal optical solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media (SNNM) are investigated theoretically and numerically by solving the ( 3 + 1 ) D Schrödinger equation in parabolic cylindric coordinates. The spatiotemporal optical solitons in parabolic cylindric coordinates are constructed by the Hermite–Gaussian pulses with topology charge l in the temporal domain and confluent hypergeometric beams with model number n, m in the spatial domain. The transverse field patterns of the solitons are manipulated by the confluent hypergeometric functions; meanwhile the Hermite–Gaussian pulses affect their transverse central peak’s intensity. Typical examples of the obtained soliton solutions are based on spatial mode numbers m, n, pulse topology charge l, and modulation depth q. The spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical soliton in SNNM with m ≠ 0 is first accessed. The spatiotemporal optical soliton keeps approximately non-dispersion properties in the temporal dimension, and their widths of packets remain steady in the spatial dimension. Their transverse central peak’s intensity vibrates and decays with the pulse topology charge l increasing. The spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical solitons in SNNM have potential applications in optical switches, optical communications, and three-dimensional microprinting.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media","authors":"Xiaping Zhang","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.105103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.105103","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal optical solitons in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media (SNNM) are investigated theoretically and numerically by solving the ( 3 + 1 ) D Schrödinger equation in parabolic cylindric coordinates. The spatiotemporal optical solitons in parabolic cylindric coordinates are constructed by the Hermite–Gaussian pulses with topology charge l in the temporal domain and confluent hypergeometric beams with model number n, m in the spatial domain. The transverse field patterns of the solitons are manipulated by the confluent hypergeometric functions; meanwhile the Hermite–Gaussian pulses affect their transverse central peak’s intensity. Typical examples of the obtained soliton solutions are based on spatial mode numbers m, n, pulse topology charge l, and modulation depth q. The spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical soliton in SNNM with m ≠ 0 is first accessed. The spatiotemporal optical soliton keeps approximately non-dispersion properties in the temporal dimension, and their widths of packets remain steady in the spatial dimension. Their transverse central peak’s intensity vibrates and decays with the pulse topology charge l increasing. The spatiotemporal hollow multi-ring optical solitons in SNNM have potential applications in optical switches, optical communications, and three-dimensional microprinting.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041203
Kamran Kiasaleh
In this work, a receiver architecture for the detention of on-off-keying (OOK) signals using adaptive signal estimation and threshold setting for free-space optical communications is investigated. It is assumed that the received signal is impaired by channel fading, modeled using Málaga (M) distribution, and an imperfect pointing acquisition. In OOK communications, knowledge of the received signal is required to set the optimum receiver threshold. To that end, a linear estimation technique is utilized to estimate the combined impact of the residual pointing error and channel fading. The performance of the resulting receiver is evaluated and is compared with those of a receiver in which the channel and pointing impairments are ignored and with a receiver in which the channel and pointing impacts are replaced by the statistical averages of those impairments. It is shown that, for reasonable system parameters, the proposed receiver offers a significant improvement in performance in terms of the overall bit error rate (BER) when compared with its alternatives. For a scenario in which a significant pointing error is present, it is observed that channel estimation does not offer a benefit in terms of the overall BER.
{"title":"Receiver architecture for on-off-keying free-space optical communications with channel estimation in the presence of residual spatial tracking error","authors":"Kamran Kiasaleh","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041203","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a receiver architecture for the detention of on-off-keying (OOK) signals using adaptive signal estimation and threshold setting for free-space optical communications is investigated. It is assumed that the received signal is impaired by channel fading, modeled using Málaga (M) distribution, and an imperfect pointing acquisition. In OOK communications, knowledge of the received signal is required to set the optimum receiver threshold. To that end, a linear estimation technique is utilized to estimate the combined impact of the residual pointing error and channel fading. The performance of the resulting receiver is evaluated and is compared with those of a receiver in which the channel and pointing impairments are ignored and with a receiver in which the channel and pointing impacts are replaced by the statistical averages of those impairments. It is shown that, for reasonable system parameters, the proposed receiver offers a significant improvement in performance in terms of the overall bit error rate (BER) when compared with its alternatives. For a scenario in which a significant pointing error is present, it is observed that channel estimation does not offer a benefit in terms of the overall BER.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.62.10.104103
Minyang Wu, Boshuo Yang, Hanyang Jiang, Yingbiao An, Yan Li, Fujun Yang
A simple and effective phase-shift device is designed for the simultaneous and high-accuracy measurement of three-dimensional (3D) deformation using tri-wavelength electronic speckle pattern interferometry and a three-sensor charge-coupled device camera. The designed phase-shifter can provide tri-wavelength lasers quasi-π / 2 phase-step simultaneously. Multi-component phases related to 3D deformation information are extracted by a 90 deg step 4-frame technique from the separated red, green, and blue channels of color images. Six derivative components are further determined based on the retrieval phase maps. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
{"title":"Simultaneous three-dimensional deformation measuring based on a simple phase-shift device combination with tri-wavelength and three-CCD camera","authors":"Minyang Wu, Boshuo Yang, Hanyang Jiang, Yingbiao An, Yan Li, Fujun Yang","doi":"10.1117/1.oe.62.10.104103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.62.10.104103","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and effective phase-shift device is designed for the simultaneous and high-accuracy measurement of three-dimensional (3D) deformation using tri-wavelength electronic speckle pattern interferometry and a three-sensor charge-coupled device camera. The designed phase-shifter can provide tri-wavelength lasers quasi-π / 2 phase-step simultaneously. Multi-component phases related to 3D deformation information are extracted by a 90 deg step 4-frame technique from the separated red, green, and blue channels of color images. Six derivative components are further determined based on the retrieval phase maps. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":19561,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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