Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780199974702.001.0001
Magda Barrera
Introduction The Environment and the Economy: Finding Equitable and Effective Solutions Jody Heymann and Magda Barrera Section 1: Moving Forward on the Environment and the Economy: Creating Jobs, Building Healthy Communities Chapter 1 The Essential Connection: Environmental Sustainability, Community Stability and Equitable Development in Struggling Cities in High-Income Countries Ted Howard Chapter 2 Community Action in Informal Settlements: Strategies for Improved Environmental Health and Equity in Low and Middle Income Countries David Satterthwaite Chapter 3 Achieving Environmental Equity: Race, Place, and the Movement to Build Healthy Communities in the United States Angela Glover Blackwell Chapter 4 Building Income and Social Equity through Environmental Sustainability: Lessons from Vancouver's Downtown Eastside Mitra Thompson Chapter 5 New Skills for the Green Economy: Two Training Programs for Job Seekers in the United States Cosmin Paduraru and Kara Quennell Chapter 6 Green Social Entrepreneurship as a Poverty-Reduction Strategy: TIDE India's Use of Technological Innovation for Healthier and More Sustainable Communities Shannon Lockhart Section 2: Addressing Specific Environmental Challenges in an Economically Sustainable Way Chapter 7 Moving Towards Sustainable Urban Transport: How Can We Integrate Environmental, Health and Equity Objectives Globally? David Banister and James Woodcock Chapter 8 The New Challenges of Rapid Urban Growth: Imperatives and Strategies for Transport in India Madhav Badami Chapter 9 Healthy and Sustainable Agriculture: Working with Farmers to Transform Food Production in Latin America Donald Cole, Gordon Prain and Willy Pradel Chapter 10 Access to Healthy Foods in Urban Settings: A Comprehensive Strategy for Low-income Communities in Montreal Lise Bertrand Chapter 11 Water for Development: Investing in Health and Economic Wellbeing Globally William Cosgrove and Hakan Tropp Chapter 12 The Potential of Clean Energy for Equity in Remote Communities in the North Tim Weis Chapter 13 Remote Indigenous Populations and Climate Change: Reducing the Impacts on Health and Wellbeing James Ford and Peter Adams
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Pub Date : 2013-01-04DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199857081.001.0001
Abigail C. Saguy
The United States, we are told, is facing an obesity epidemic--a "battle of the bulge" of not just national, but global proportions--that requires drastic and immediate action. Experts in the media, medical science, and government alike are scrambling to find answers. What or who is responsible for this fat crisis, and what can we do to stop it? Abigail Saguy argues that these fraught and frantic debates obscure a more important question: How has fatness come to be understood as a public health crisis at all? Why, she asks, has the view of "fat" as a problem--a symptom of immorality, a medical pathology, a public health epidemic--come to dominate more positive framings of weight--as consistent with health, beauty, or a legitimate rights claim--in public discourse? Why are heavy individuals singled out for blame? And what are the consequences of understanding weight in these ways? What's Wrong with Fat? presents each of the various ways in which fat is understood in America today, examining the implications of understanding fatness as a health risk, disease, and epidemic, and revealing why we've come to understand the issue in these terms, despite considerable scientific uncertainty and debate. Saguy shows how debates over the relationship between body size and health risk take place within a larger, though often invisible, contest over whether we should understand fatness as obesity at all. Moreover, she reveals that public discussions of the "obesity crisis" do more harm than good, leading to bullying, weight-based discrimination, and misdiagnoses. Showing that the medical framing of fat is literally making us sick, What's Wrong with Fat? provides a crucial corrective to our society's misplaced obsession with weight. Available in OSO:
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First published in 1989, The Undeserving Poor was a critically acclaimed and enormously influential account of America's enduring debate about poverty. Taking stock of the last quarter century, Michael B. Katz's new edition of this classic is virtually a new book. As the first did, it will force all concerned Americans to reconsider the foundations of our policies toward the poor, especially in the wake of the Great Recession that began in 2008. Katz highlights how throughout American history, the poor have been regarded as undeserving: people who do not deserve sympathy because they brought their poverty on themselves, either through laziness and immorality, or because they are culturally or mentally deficient. This long-dominant view sees poverty as a personal failure, serving to justify America's mean-spirited treatment of the poor. Katz reminds us, however, that there are other explanations of poverty besides personal failure. Poverty has been written about as a problem of place, of resources, of political economy, of power, and of market failure. Katz looks at each idea in turn, showing how they suggest more effective approaches to our struggle against poverty. The Second Edition includes important new material. It now sheds light on the revival of the idea of culture in poverty research; the rehabilitation of Daniel Patrick Moynihan; the resurgent role of biology in discussions of the causes of poverty, such as in The Bell Curve; and the human rights movement's intensified focus on alleviating world poverty. It emphasizes the successes of the War on Poverty and Great Society, especially at the grassroots level. It is also the first book to chart the rise and fall of the "underclass" as a concept driving public policy. A major revision of a landmark study, The Undeserving Poor helps readers to see poverty-and our efforts to combat it--in a new light.
《不应得的穷人》首次出版于1989年，是一本广受好评且极具影响力的书，讲述了美国关于贫困的持久辩论。回顾过去的四分之一世纪，迈克尔·b·卡茨(Michael B. Katz)对这部经典的新版本实际上是一本新书。正如第一次那样，它将迫使所有关心的美国人重新考虑我们对穷人政策的基础，特别是在2008年开始的大衰退之后。卡茨强调，在整个美国历史上，穷人一直被认为是不值得同情的:他们不值得同情，因为他们的贫穷是自己造成的，要么是因为懒惰和不道德，要么是因为他们有文化或智力缺陷。这种长期占主导地位的观点认为，贫穷是个人的失败，为美国人对待穷人的刻薄态度辩护。然而，卡茨提醒我们，除了个人的失败，贫穷还有其他的解释。贫困被认为是一个与地方、资源、政治经济、权力和市场失灵有关的问题。卡茨依次审视了每一种观点，展示了它们如何为我们与贫困作斗争提供更有效的方法。第二版包含了重要的新材料。它揭示了文化思想在贫困研究中的复兴;丹尼尔·帕特里克·莫伊尼汉的康复;在讨论贫穷的原因时，生物学重新发挥作用，例如在《钟形曲线》中;人权运动更加关注减轻世界贫困。它强调了“向贫困宣战”和“伟大社会”的成功，尤其是在基层的成功。这也是第一本将“下层阶级”的兴衰作为一种推动公共政策的概念来描绘的书。《不应得的穷人》是对一项具有里程碑意义的研究的重大修订，它帮助读者从新的角度看待贫困——以及我们为消除贫困所做的努力。
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Pub Date : 2012-10-10DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199744671.001.0001
S. Kamieniecki, M. Kraft
Prior to the Nixon administration, environmental policy in the United States was rudimentary at best. Since then, it has evolved into one of the primary concerns of governmental policy from the federal to the local level. As scientific expertise on the environment rapidly developed, Americans became more aware of the growing environmental crisis that surrounded them. Practical solutions for mitigating various aspects of the crisis - air pollution, water pollution, chemical waste dumping, strip mining, and later global warming - became politically popular, and the government responded by gradually erecting a vast regulatory apparatus to address the issue. Today, politicians regard environmental policy as one of the most pressing issues they face. The Obama administration has identified the renewable energy sector as a key driver of economic growth, and Congress is in the process of passing a bill to reduce global warming that will be one of the most important environmental policy acts in decades. The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy is a state-of-the-art work on all aspects of environmental policy in America. Over the past half century, America has been the world's leading emitter of global warming gases. However, environmental policy is not simply a national issue. It is a global issue, and the explosive growth of Asian countries like China and India mean that policy will have to be coordinated at the international level. The book therefore focuses not only on the U.S., but on the increasing importance of global policies and issues on American regulatory efforts. This is a topic that will only grow in importance in the coming years, and this handbook serves as an authoritative guide to any scholar interested in the issue. Contributors to this volume - Richard N. L. Andrews is Professor Emeritus of Environmental Policy in the Department of Public Policy and in the Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering of the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. William Ascher is Professor of Government and Economics, Claremont McKenna College. Walter F. Baber is Professor and Director of the Graduate Center for Public Policy and Administration, California State University, Long Beach. Robert V. Bartlett is Gund Professor of Liberal Arts in the Political Science Department, University of Vermont. Amy Below is Associate Professor of Political Science in the School of Public Policy, Oregon State University. Lori S. Bennear is Assistant Professor of Environmental Economics and Policy in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University. Christopher J. Bosso is Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University. Cary Coglianese is the Edward B. Shils Professor of Law, Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Penn Program on Regulation, University of Pennsylvania. Steven Cohen is the Executive Director of The Earth Institute, Professor in the Practice of Public Af
在尼克松政府之前，美国的环境政策充其量只是初步的。从那时起，它已经发展成为从联邦到地方一级政府政策的主要关注点之一。随着环境科学专业知识的迅速发展，美国人越来越意识到他们周围日益严重的环境危机。缓解危机的各个方面——空气污染、水污染、化学废物倾倒、露天采矿以及后来的全球变暖——的实际解决方案在政治上受到欢迎，政府的回应是逐步建立一个庞大的监管机构来解决这个问题。如今，政治家们把环境政策视为他们面临的最紧迫的问题之一。奥巴马政府已将可再生能源部门确定为经济增长的关键驱动力，国会正在通过一项减少全球变暖的法案，这将是几十年来最重要的环境政策法案之一。《牛津美国环境政策手册》是一本关于美国环境政策各个方面的最先进的著作。在过去的半个世纪里，美国一直是全球最大的温室气体排放国。然而，环境政策不仅仅是一个国家问题。这是一个全球性问题，中国和印度等亚洲国家的爆炸性增长意味着，政策必须在国际层面进行协调。因此，这本书不仅关注美国，而且关注全球政策和问题对美国监管努力的日益重要的影响。这是一个在未来几年只会变得越来越重要的话题，这本手册可以作为对这个问题感兴趣的学者的权威指南。理查德·n·l·安德鲁斯(Richard N. L. Andrews)是北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校吉林斯全球公共卫生学院公共政策系和环境科学与工程系环境政策名誉教授。威廉·阿舍尔是克莱蒙特·麦肯纳学院政府与经济学教授。Walter F. Baber是长滩加州州立大学公共政策与管理研究生中心的教授和主任。Robert V. Bartlett是佛蒙特大学政治科学系的文科教授。Amy Below是俄勒冈州立大学公共政策学院政治学副教授。洛里·s·本尼尔，杜克大学尼古拉斯环境学院环境经济与政策助理教授。克里斯托弗·j·博索，东北大学公共政策与城市事务教授。Cary Coglianese是宾夕法尼亚大学Edward B. Shils法学教授、政治学教授和宾夕法尼亚大学监管项目主任。史蒂芬·科恩，地球研究所执行主任，公共事务实践教授，哥伦比亚大学国际与公共事务学院环境科学与政策与能源与环境政策公共管理硕士项目主任，哥伦比亚大学继续教育学院可持续发展管理硕士项目主任。多萝西·m·戴利，堪萨斯大学公共事务与管理学院及环境研究项目教授。大卫·p·丹尼尔斯是斯坦福大学商学院的博士候选人。Elizabeth R. DeSombre是韦尔斯利学院环境研究弗罗斯特教授和环境研究项目主任。蒂莫西·杜安，加州大学圣克鲁兹分校环境研究副教授，圣地亚哥大学法学客座教授。罗伯特·j·达菲是科罗拉多州立大学政治学教授。Daniel J. Fiorino是美国大学公共事务学院环境政策中心主任。斯科特·r·弗隆是威斯康星大学绿湾分校文理学院院长、公共与环境事务与政治学教授。Andrea K. Gerlak是国际研究协会学术发展主任，政治学系客座教授，亚利桑那大学尤德尔公共政策研究中心高级政策助理。Deborah Lynn Guber是佛蒙特大学政治学副教授。Tanya Heikkila是丹佛科罗拉多大学公共事务学院副教授。拉蒙特·c·亨佩尔是雷德兰兹大学环境研究海德科教授。Sheldon Kamieniecki是加州大学圣克鲁斯分校社会科学系主任和环境研究教授。迈克尔·E。 克拉夫特是威斯康星大学绿湾分校赫伯特·菲斯克·约翰逊环境研究名誉教授和政治学、公共与环境事务名誉教授。Jon A. Krosnick是斯坦福大学政治学、传播学和心理学教授，Frederic O. Glover人文与社会科学教授，伍兹研究所高级研究员。Judith A. Layzer，麻省理工学院城市研究与规划系环境政策教授。Mark Lubell是加州大学戴维斯分校环境科学与政策系教授。理查德·a·马修，加州大学欧文分校社会生态与社会科学学院环境政治与国际关系教授，非传统安全事务中心主任。Daniel A. Mazmanian是南加州大学索尔·普赖斯公共政策学院的教授和Bedrosian治理主席，朱迪思和约翰·Bedrosian治理和公共企业中心主任。Laurie Kaye Nijaki是南加州大学索尔·普赖斯公共政策学院的教务长研究员。希拉·m·奥姆斯特德，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校林登·约翰逊公共事务学院副教授，华盛顿特区未来资源研究所访问学者。凯特·奥尼尔，加州大学伯克利分校环境科学、政策与管理系副教授。Robert C. Paehlke，加拿大安大略省彼得伯勒市特伦特大学政治研究和环境与资源研究荣誉教授。Sara R. Rinfret是蒙大拿大学政治科学系的助理教授。Walter A. Rosenbaum，佛罗里达大学鲍勃·格雷厄姆公共服务中心名誉主任，佛罗里达大学名誉政治学教授。Denise Scheberle是科罗拉多大学丹佛分校公共事务学院临床教授。亚历克西斯·舒尔曼是麻省理工学院城市研究与规划系的博士候选人。Henrik Selin是波士顿大学弗雷德里克·s·帕迪全球研究学院的副教授。Toddi A. Steelman是萨斯喀彻温大学环境与可持续发展学院的执行董事兼教授。劳伦斯·萨斯金德，麻省理工学院城市与环境规划福特教授，哈佛大学法学院谈判项目副主席。克雷格·托马斯，华盛顿大学丹尼尔·埃文斯公共事务学院公共事务教授。Michael P. Tichy是俄亥俄州哥伦布市东南公司的紧急护理项目经理。特雷弗·汤普森(Trevor thompson)是美联社全球民意调查主任。Stacy D. VanDeveer，新罕布什尔大学政治学教授，美国德国马歇尔基金会跨大西洋学院2011-2012高级研究员。Norman J. Vig is Winifred和Atherton Bean科学、技术和社会荣誉教授，卡尔顿学院。
{"title":"The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy","authors":"S. Kamieniecki, M. Kraft","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199744671.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199744671.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the Nixon administration, environmental policy in the United States was rudimentary at best. Since then, it has evolved into one of the primary concerns of governmental policy from the federal to the local level. As scientific expertise on the environment rapidly developed, Americans became more aware of the growing environmental crisis that surrounded them. Practical solutions for mitigating various aspects of the crisis - air pollution, water pollution, chemical waste dumping, strip mining, and later global warming - became politically popular, and the government responded by gradually erecting a vast regulatory apparatus to address the issue. Today, politicians regard environmental policy as one of the most pressing issues they face. The Obama administration has identified the renewable energy sector as a key driver of economic growth, and Congress is in the process of passing a bill to reduce global warming that will be one of the most important environmental policy acts in decades. The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy is a state-of-the-art work on all aspects of environmental policy in America. Over the past half century, America has been the world's leading emitter of global warming gases. However, environmental policy is not simply a national issue. It is a global issue, and the explosive growth of Asian countries like China and India mean that policy will have to be coordinated at the international level. The book therefore focuses not only on the U.S., but on the increasing importance of global policies and issues on American regulatory efforts. This is a topic that will only grow in importance in the coming years, and this handbook serves as an authoritative guide to any scholar interested in the issue. Contributors to this volume - Richard N. L. Andrews is Professor Emeritus of Environmental Policy in the Department of Public Policy and in the Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering of the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. William Ascher is Professor of Government and Economics, Claremont McKenna College. Walter F. Baber is Professor and Director of the Graduate Center for Public Policy and Administration, California State University, Long Beach. Robert V. Bartlett is Gund Professor of Liberal Arts in the Political Science Department, University of Vermont. Amy Below is Associate Professor of Political Science in the School of Public Policy, Oregon State University. Lori S. Bennear is Assistant Professor of Environmental Economics and Policy in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University. Christopher J. Bosso is Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University. Cary Coglianese is the Edward B. Shils Professor of Law, Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Penn Program on Regulation, University of Pennsylvania. Steven Cohen is the Executive Director of The Earth Institute, Professor in the Practice of Public Af","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84828001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-23DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199859443.001.0001
J. Christian-Smith, P. Gleick, H. Cooley, L. Allen, Amy Vanderwarker, K. Berry, W. Reilly
As is becoming clearer and clearer, pressures on water resources in the United States are growing, with no foreseeable end in sight. Yet these pressures are not due to a national water scarcity. While the Southwest faces the problems of draught, a rising population, and over-allocation of resources, the Northeast and Northern Plains must deal with increasingly wet weather and flooding. The greatest challenges that the United States faces with regard to water are regional disparities in availability, a changing climate, worsening water quality, and, increasingly, controversies over management strategies and policies. While many countries have adopted federal approaches to water management, the United States has no cohesive national water policy. In fact, the oversight of current water policy is shared by over sixty different agencies,and the last national water assessment undertaken in the United States occurred over forty years ago. The lack of coordinated oversight not only renders national policymakers unable to make informed analyses of water quality standards and availability, it also results in large gaps of understanding regarding variability of water resources and how to most efficiently and effectively manage and preserve those resources. A Twenty-First Century U.S. Water Policy culls together independent analysis of freshwater availability; water usage in agriculture, municipalities, tribal settlements, and energy production; exisiting legal frameworks; environmental justice movements; and data on water quality and climate change. The result is a visionary proposal for a coherent and critically needed federal water policy. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/9780199859443/toc.html
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Pub Date : 2012-08-06DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195397840.001.0001
M. Peitz, J. Waldfogel
The economic analysis of the digital economy has been a rapidly developing research area for more than a decade. Through authoritative examination by leading scholars, this handbook takes a closer look at particular industries, business practices, and policy issues associated with the digital industry. The volume offers an up-to-date account of key topics, discusses open questions, and provides guidance for future research. It offers a blend of theoretical and empirical works that are central to understanding the digital economy. The chapters are presented in four sections, corresponding with four broad themes: 1) infrastructure, standards, and platforms; 2) the transformation of selling, encompassing both the transformation of traditional selling and new, widespread application of tools such as auctions; 3) user-generated content; and 4) threats in the new digital environment.The first section covers infrastructure, standards, and various platform industries that rely heavily on recent developments in electronic data storage and transmission, including software, video games, payment systems, mobile telecommunications, and B2B commerce. The second section takes account of the reduced costs of online retailing that threatens offline retailers, widespread availability of information as it affects pricing and advertising, digital technology as it allows the widespread employment of novel price and non-price strategies (bundling, price discrimination), and auctions. The third section addresses the emergent phenomenon of user-generated content on the Internet, including the functioning of social networks and open source. The fourth section discusses threats arising from digitization and the Internet, namely digital piracy, privacy, and security concerns.
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Pub Date : 2012-03-01DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199890958.001.0001
S. Schieber
Social Security is in jeopardy, private pension systems have fallen apart, and workers are trying to save for their own for retirement with the stock market in the worst shape since the Great Depression. In The Predictable Surprise, Sylvester J. Schieber shows that forewarnings of the coming retirement crisis have been apparent for decades, but we have never mustered the political will to address the problem. This book explains how we have gotten into the retirement predicament and where we can go from here. Schieber, a renowned authority on this topic, provides a compact, insightful history of Social Security, pension plans, and other retirement options, highlighting both their original justifications and the point when things began to go wrong. He brings his discussion right up to the present morass and concludes with suggestions as to how we can reform our retirement system. Our situation is not hopeless, Schieber concludes, if we take on some of these issues and resolve them. If we do not, we will severely jeopardize the prosperity of younger generations. Available in OSO:
社会保障处于危险之中，私人养老金体系已经崩溃，工人们正试图为自己的退休储蓄，而股市正处于大萧条以来最糟糕的状态。Sylvester J. Schieber在《可预见的惊喜》一书中指出，对即将到来的退休危机的预警几十年来一直很明显，但我们从来没有聚集起解决这个问题的政治意愿。这本书解释了我们是如何陷入退休困境的，以及我们可以从这里走到哪里。Schieber是这一领域的权威，他提供了一个紧凑而深刻的社会保障、养老金计划和其他退休选择的历史，强调了它们最初的理由和事情开始出错的时候。他把他的讨论带到目前的困境，并就如何改革我们的退休制度提出了建议。希伯总结道，如果我们能正视其中的一些问题并加以解决，我们的处境并非毫无希望。如果我们不这样做，我们将严重危及年轻一代的繁荣。可在OSO:
{"title":"The Predictable Surprise: Unraveling the U.S. Retirement System","authors":"S. Schieber","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199890958.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSOBL/9780199890958.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Social Security is in jeopardy, private pension systems have fallen apart, and workers are trying to save for their own for retirement with the stock market in the worst shape since the Great Depression. In The Predictable Surprise, Sylvester J. Schieber shows that forewarnings of the coming retirement crisis have been apparent for decades, but we have never mustered the political will to address the problem. This book explains how we have gotten into the retirement predicament and where we can go from here. Schieber, a renowned authority on this topic, provides a compact, insightful history of Social Security, pension plans, and other retirement options, highlighting both their original justifications and the point when things began to go wrong. He brings his discussion right up to the present morass and concludes with suggestions as to how we can reform our retirement system. Our situation is not hopeless, Schieber concludes, if we take on some of these issues and resolve them. If we do not, we will severely jeopardize the prosperity of younger generations. Available in OSO:","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74331422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, economists thought that no such crisis could or would ever happen again in the United States, that financial events of such magnitude were a thing of the distant past. In fact, observers of that distant past--the period from the half century prior to the Civil War up to the passage of deposit insurance during the Great Depression, which was marked by repeated financial crises--note that while legislation immediately after crises reacted to their effects, economists and policymakers continually failed to grasp the true lessons to be learned. Gary Gorton, considered by many to be the authority on the financial crisis of our time, holds that economists fundamentally misunderstand financial crises--what they are, why they occur, and why there were none in the U.S. between 1934 and 2007. In Misunderstanding Financial Crises, he illustrates that financial crises are inherent to the production of bank debt, which is used to conduct transactions, and that unless the government designs intelligent regulation, crises will continue. Economists, he writes, looked from a certain point of view and missed everything that was important: the evolution of capital markets and the banking system, the existence of new financial instruments, and the size of certain money markets like the sale and repurchase market. Delving into how such a massive intellectual failure could have happened, Gorton offers a back-to-basics elucidation of financial crises, and shows how they are not rare, idiosyncratic, unfortunate events caused by a coincidence of unconnected factors. By looking back to the "Quiet Period " from 1934 to 2007 when there were no systemic crises, and to the "Panic of 2007-2008, " he brings together such issues as bank debt and liquidity, credit booms and manias, and moral hazard and too-big-too-fail, to illustrate the costs of bank failure and the true causes of financial crises. He argues that the successful regulation that prevented crises did not adequately keep pace with innovation in the financial sector, due in large part to economists' misunderstandings. He then looks forward to offer both a better way for economists to conceive of markets, as well as a description of the regulation necessary to address the historical threat of financial crises.
{"title":"Misunderstanding Financial Crises: Why We Don't See Them Coming","authors":"Gary B. Gorton","doi":"10.5860/choice.50-3958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.50-3958","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the financial crisis of 2007-2008, economists thought that no such crisis could or would ever happen again in the United States, that financial events of such magnitude were a thing of the distant past. In fact, observers of that distant past--the period from the half century prior to the Civil War up to the passage of deposit insurance during the Great Depression, which was marked by repeated financial crises--note that while legislation immediately after crises reacted to their effects, economists and policymakers continually failed to grasp the true lessons to be learned. Gary Gorton, considered by many to be the authority on the financial crisis of our time, holds that economists fundamentally misunderstand financial crises--what they are, why they occur, and why there were none in the U.S. between 1934 and 2007. In Misunderstanding Financial Crises, he illustrates that financial crises are inherent to the production of bank debt, which is used to conduct transactions, and that unless the government designs intelligent regulation, crises will continue. Economists, he writes, looked from a certain point of view and missed everything that was important: the evolution of capital markets and the banking system, the existence of new financial instruments, and the size of certain money markets like the sale and repurchase market. Delving into how such a massive intellectual failure could have happened, Gorton offers a back-to-basics elucidation of financial crises, and shows how they are not rare, idiosyncratic, unfortunate events caused by a coincidence of unconnected factors. By looking back to the \"Quiet Period \" from 1934 to 2007 when there were no systemic crises, and to the \"Panic of 2007-2008, \" he brings together such issues as bank debt and liquidity, credit booms and manias, and moral hazard and too-big-too-fail, to illustrate the costs of bank failure and the true causes of financial crises. He argues that the successful regulation that prevented crises did not adequately keep pace with innovation in the financial sector, due in large part to economists' misunderstandings. He then looks forward to offer both a better way for economists to conceive of markets, as well as a description of the regulation necessary to address the historical threat of financial crises.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85582733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199606467.001.0001
C. Wilkie
Following the Rio Agreement in 1967, the birth of the Special Drawing Right (SDR) was widely heralded as the first step towards a world international money. The SDR's intended purpose, though, was more modest: to help salvage the prevailing international monetary system which had evolved since Bretton Woods. This volume examines the relatively recent and important history of SDRs - what they are, where they came from, and why they are significant. It considers the changing roles and influences of the US and the IMF as post-Bretton Woods monetary arrangements established themselves. Despite their retreat from early acclaim, work continued, particularly at the Fund, on enhancing the potential of SDRs to contribute to international monetary stability and SDRs have recently re-emerged as a potential source of support and stability for the international monetary system underpinning the world economy. The SDR, and the debate surrounding it, is an excellent prism through which to examine other important themes in contemporary international political economy, including international liquidity provision and international monetary reform. Ultimately, the policies of the US, the Fund, and the changing nature of the relationship between them emerge as fundamental themes for an understanding of prospects for SDRs under post-Bretton Woods international monetary arrangements. Today, the promise and disappointment that has characterized the short history of SDRs is more important than ever as the world again examines these arrangements in the wake of the international financial crisis.
{"title":"Special drawing rights (SDRs) : the first international money","authors":"C. Wilkie","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199606467.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199606467.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Following the Rio Agreement in 1967, the birth of the Special Drawing Right (SDR) was widely heralded as the first step towards a world international money. The SDR's intended purpose, though, was more modest: to help salvage the prevailing international monetary system which had evolved since Bretton Woods. This volume examines the relatively recent and important history of SDRs - what they are, where they came from, and why they are significant. It considers the changing roles and influences of the US and the IMF as post-Bretton Woods monetary arrangements established themselves. Despite their retreat from early acclaim, work continued, particularly at the Fund, on enhancing the potential of SDRs to contribute to international monetary stability and SDRs have recently re-emerged as a potential source of support and stability for the international monetary system underpinning the world economy. The SDR, and the debate surrounding it, is an excellent prism through which to examine other important themes in contemporary international political economy, including international liquidity provision and international monetary reform. Ultimately, the policies of the US, the Fund, and the changing nature of the relationship between them emerge as fundamental themes for an understanding of prospects for SDRs under post-Bretton Woods international monetary arrangements. Today, the promise and disappointment that has characterized the short history of SDRs is more important than ever as the world again examines these arrangements in the wake of the international financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83918513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199576791.001.0001
S. Bazen
This book provides an accessible presentation of the standard statistical techniques used by labour economists. It emphasises both the input and the output of empirical analysis and covers five major topics concerning econometric methods used in labour economics: regression and related methods, choice modelling, selectivity issues, duration analysis, and policy evaluation techniques. Each of these is presented in terms of model specification, possible estimation problems, diagnostic checking, and interpretation of the output. It aims to provide guidance to practitioners on how to use the techniques and how to make sense of the results that are produced. It covers methods that are considered to be 'standard' tools in labour economics, but which are often given only a brief and highly technical treatment in econometrics textbooks. It will be a useful reference for postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, researchers embarking on empirical labour market analysis, and for more experienced economists wishing to apply these techniques for the first time.
{"title":"Econometric Methods for Labour Economics","authors":"S. Bazen","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199576791.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199576791.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This book provides an accessible presentation of the standard statistical techniques used by labour economists. It emphasises both the input and the output of empirical analysis and covers five major topics concerning econometric methods used in labour economics: regression and related methods, choice modelling, selectivity issues, duration analysis, and policy evaluation techniques. Each of these is presented in terms of model specification, possible estimation problems, diagnostic checking, and interpretation of the output. It aims to provide guidance to practitioners on how to use the techniques and how to make sense of the results that are produced. It covers methods that are considered to be 'standard' tools in labour economics, but which are often given only a brief and highly technical treatment in econometrics textbooks. It will be a useful reference for postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, researchers embarking on empirical labour market analysis, and for more experienced economists wishing to apply these techniques for the first time.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80797622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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