This book is the first comprehensive historical account of the political thought of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), the philosopher and reformer. Professor Schofield draws on his extensive knowledge of Bentham's unpublished manuscripts and original printed texts, and on the new, authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham. A compelling narrative charts the way in which Bentham applied his utilitarian philosophy to the rapidly changing circumstances of his age. Professor Schofield begins with a lucid account of Bentham's insights in the fields of logic and language, and in particular his theory of real and fictitious entities, which lie at the foundation of his thought. Professor Schofield proceeds to show how these insights brought Bentham to the principle of utility, which led him in turn to produce the first systematic defence of democracy from a utilitarian perspective. In contrast to previous scholarship, which claims that Bentham's 'conversion' or 'transition' to political radicalism took place either at the time of the French Revolution or following his meeting with James Mill in 1808 or 1809, Professor Schofield shows that the process began in or around 1804 when the notion of sinister interest emerged in Bentham's thought. Bentham appreciated that rulers, rather than being motivated by a desire to promote the greatest happiness of those subject to them, aimed to promote their own happiness, whatever the overall cost to the community. In his constitutional writings of the 1820s, which he addressed to 'all nations professing liberal opinions', Bentham argued that the proper end of constitutional design was to maximize official aptitude and minimize government expense, and that the publicity of official actions, within the context of a republican system of government where sovereignty lay in the people, was the means to achieve it. Bentham's commitment to radical reform led him to advocate the abolition of the British monarchy and House of Lords, the replacement of the Common Law with a codified system of law, and the 'euthanasia' of the Anglican Church.
{"title":"Utility and Democracy: The Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham","authors":"P. Schofield","doi":"10.5860/choice.44-4121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-4121","url":null,"abstract":"This book is the first comprehensive historical account of the political thought of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), the philosopher and reformer. Professor Schofield draws on his extensive knowledge of Bentham's unpublished manuscripts and original printed texts, and on the new, authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham. A compelling narrative charts the way in which Bentham applied his utilitarian philosophy to the rapidly changing circumstances of his age. Professor Schofield begins with a lucid account of Bentham's insights in the fields of logic and language, and in particular his theory of real and fictitious entities, which lie at the foundation of his thought. Professor Schofield proceeds to show how these insights brought Bentham to the principle of utility, which led him in turn to produce the first systematic defence of democracy from a utilitarian perspective. In contrast to previous scholarship, which claims that Bentham's 'conversion' or 'transition' to political radicalism took place either at the time of the French Revolution or following his meeting with James Mill in 1808 or 1809, Professor Schofield shows that the process began in or around 1804 when the notion of sinister interest emerged in Bentham's thought. Bentham appreciated that rulers, rather than being motivated by a desire to promote the greatest happiness of those subject to them, aimed to promote their own happiness, whatever the overall cost to the community. In his constitutional writings of the 1820s, which he addressed to 'all nations professing liberal opinions', Bentham argued that the proper end of constitutional design was to maximize official aptitude and minimize government expense, and that the publicity of official actions, within the context of a republican system of government where sovereignty lay in the people, was the means to achieve it. Bentham's commitment to radical reform led him to advocate the abolition of the British monarchy and House of Lords, the replacement of the Common Law with a codified system of law, and the 'euthanasia' of the Anglican Church.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91346936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can the poorer countries of the world be helped to help themselves through freer, fairer trade? This book suggests a radical and realistic new model for managing trading relationships between the richest and the poorest countries. The approach is designed to open up markets in the interests of all and not just the most powerful economies, to ensure that trade promotes development, and to minimise the costs of adjustments. Beginning with a brief history of the World Trade Organisation and its agreements, the authors explore the issues and events which led to the failure of Cancun and the obstacles that face the successful completion of the Doha Round of negotiations. Finally they spell out the reforms and principles upon which a successful agreement must be based.
{"title":"Fair trade for all : how trade can promote development","authors":"J. Stiglitz, Andrew H. Charlton","doi":"10.7916/D8TM7MXW","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TM7MXW","url":null,"abstract":"How can the poorer countries of the world be helped to help themselves through freer, fairer trade? This book suggests a radical and realistic new model for managing trading relationships between the richest and the poorest countries. The approach is designed to open up markets in the interests of all and not just the most powerful economies, to ensure that trade promotes development, and to minimise the costs of adjustments. Beginning with a brief history of the World Trade Organisation and its agreements, the authors explore the issues and events which led to the failure of Cancun and the obstacles that face the successful completion of the Doha Round of negotiations. Finally they spell out the reforms and principles upon which a successful agreement must be based.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84167062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China's remarkable economic transition and capacity for dynamic growth has stunned the world. Throughout the period of economic reform, China has been moving towards the creation of a labour market. The scale of this transformation is unprecedented. New economic incentives, vast labour migration, draconian retrenchment of state workers, and sharply rising wage inequality are all characteristic of this unique transition. Drawing on more than a decade of survey-based research, the authors systematically document and analyse this important transformation. They use economic and sociological theory, institutional analysis and political economy to fully explain the causes, pressures, obstacles and consequences of the move towards a labour market in China. It is argued that much progress has been made towards the creation of a labour market but that the process is far from complete.
{"title":"Towards a Labour Market in China","authors":"J. Knight, Lina Song","doi":"10.1093/oxrep/11.4.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/11.4.97","url":null,"abstract":"China's remarkable economic transition and capacity for dynamic growth has stunned the world. Throughout the period of economic reform, China has been moving towards the creation of a labour market. The scale of this transformation is unprecedented. New economic incentives, vast labour migration, draconian retrenchment of state workers, and sharply rising wage inequality are all characteristic of this unique transition. Drawing on more than a decade of survey-based research, the authors systematically document and analyse this important transformation. They use economic and sociological theory, institutional analysis and political economy to fully explain the causes, pressures, obstacles and consequences of the move towards a labour market in China. It is argued that much progress has been made towards the creation of a labour market but that the process is far from complete.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88206427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-20DOI: 10.5871/BACAD/9780197263204.001.0001
M. P.J.
Volume 124 of the Proceedings of the British Academy contains 19 obituaries of recently deceased Fellows of the British Academy. Contributors to this volume - Keith Thomas, All Souls College, Oxford Adrian Hollis, Keble College, Oxford Bruce Williams, formerly Vice-Chancellor, University of Sydney Malcolm Mackintosh, formerly Assistant Secretary, Cabinet Office J. H .R. Davis, All Souls College, Oxford F. M. L. Thompson, formerly Director of the Institute of Historical Research, University of London A. W. Price, University of Birkbeck Hugh Lloyd-Jones, formerly Regius Professor of Greek, University of Oxford Michael Lapidge, Clare College, Cambridge Peter Matthews, University of Cambridge Ann Moss, University of Durham Terence Cave, University of Oxford Ludwig Paul, Georg-August-Universitat G"ottingen Peter Birks, All Souls College, Oxford Jonathan Shepard, formerly of University of Cambridge David Cannadine, Institute of Historical Research Daniel Waley, formerly Keeper of Manuscripts, The British Library Ian Wood, University of Leeds R. G. M. Nisbet, University of Oxford G. W. Bernard, University of Southampton
《英国科学院院刊》第124卷收录了19位最近去世的英国科学院院士的讣告。本卷的撰稿人-基思·托马斯，牛津大学万灵学院，阿德里安·霍利斯，基布尔学院，牛津大学布鲁斯·威廉姆斯，悉尼大学前副校长马尔科姆·麦金托什，前内阁办公室助理秘书。戴维斯，牛津万灵学院，F. M. L.汤普森，伦敦大学历史研究所前所长A. W. Price，伯克贝克大学休·劳埃德-琼斯，牛津大学迈克尔·拉皮奇，克莱尔学院，剑桥大学彼得·马修斯，剑桥大学安·莫斯，达勒姆大学特伦斯·凯夫，牛津大学路德维希·保罗，乔治-奥古斯特-奥廷格大学，彼得·伯克斯，牛津万灵学院，乔纳森·谢泼德，前剑桥大学大卫·坎纳丁、历史研究所丹尼尔·韦利、前大英图书馆手稿保管员伊恩·伍德、利兹大学r·g·m·尼斯贝特、牛津大学g·w·伯纳德、南安普顿大学
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Pub Date : 2005-01-20DOI: 10.5871/BACAD/9780197263242.001.0001
A. Hadfield
Volume 125 of the Proceedings of the British Academy contains 15 lectures delivered at the British Academy in 2003. Contributors to this volume - Fergus Kelly, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Brian Pullan, University of Manchester Noel Malcolm, All Souls College, Oxford H. R. Woudhuysen, University College London J. G. A. Pocock, The Johns Hopkins University Andrew Hadfield, University of Sussex Eric Foner, Columbia University Gillian Beer, University of Cambridge Stephen Banfield, University of Bristol Brian Simpson, University of Michigan Christopher Bayly, St Catherine's College, Cambridge John Vickers, Chairman, Office of Fair Trading Gillian Feeley-Harnik, University of Michigan Susan Gathercole, University of Durham Lothar Ledderose, University of Heidelberg
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Twenty-First Century India is the first study of India's development giving a fully integrated account of population and development. It is built on new projections of the population for fifty years from the Census of 2001. India's population then had already passed 1 billion. Twenty-five years later it will exceed 1.4 billion, and will almost certainly pass 1.5 billion by mid-century. The projections incorporate for the first time both inter-state migration and the role of HIV/AIDS. They also show India's urban future, with close to half a billion urban inhabitants by the year 2026. The implications of this population growth are then traced out in a range of modelling and analytical work. Growing numbers are found to complicate the task of achieving widespread education in a number of India's states, while other states are already experiencing declines in their school-age population. Demographic growth also contributes to poverty, and increasing divergence in social conditions among the states. As population growth slows in the country overall, the labour force continues to grow relatively fast, with difficult consequences for employment. But national economic growth could be accelerated by the 'demographic bonus' of the declining proportion of dependents to workers in the population. The book is reasonably optimistic about India's food prospects: the country can continue to feed itself. It can also enjoy higher levels of energy use, manufacturing, and modern forms of transport, while experiencing less chemical pollution. India's cities can become cleaner and healthier places to live. Perhaps the most difficult environmental issue, and the one most strongly related to population growth, is water. Some states also face severe pressures on common property resources. A policy chapter concludes the book. India's future problems are large, but in principle manageable. However, whether the country will actually achieve sustainable development for all is another matter.
{"title":"Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment","authors":"T. Dyson, R. Cassen, L. Visaria","doi":"10.2307/20034259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20034259","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-First Century India is the first study of India's development giving a fully integrated account of population and development. It is built on new projections of the population for fifty years from the Census of 2001. India's population then had already passed 1 billion. Twenty-five years later it will exceed 1.4 billion, and will almost certainly pass 1.5 billion by mid-century. The projections incorporate for the first time both inter-state migration and the role of HIV/AIDS. They also show India's urban future, with close to half a billion urban inhabitants by the year 2026. The implications of this population growth are then traced out in a range of modelling and analytical work. Growing numbers are found to complicate the task of achieving widespread education in a number of India's states, while other states are already experiencing declines in their school-age population. Demographic growth also contributes to poverty, and increasing divergence in social conditions among the states. As population growth slows in the country overall, the labour force continues to grow relatively fast, with difficult consequences for employment. But national economic growth could be accelerated by the 'demographic bonus' of the declining proportion of dependents to workers in the population. The book is reasonably optimistic about India's food prospects: the country can continue to feed itself. It can also enjoy higher levels of energy use, manufacturing, and modern forms of transport, while experiencing less chemical pollution. India's cities can become cleaner and healthier places to live. Perhaps the most difficult environmental issue, and the one most strongly related to population growth, is water. Some states also face severe pressures on common property resources. A policy chapter concludes the book. India's future problems are large, but in principle manageable. However, whether the country will actually achieve sustainable development for all is another matter.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74133063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As events highlight deep divisions in attitudes between America and Europe, this is a very timely study of different approaches to the problems of domestic inequality and poverty. Based on careful and systematic analysis of national data, the authors describe just how much the two continents differ in their level of State engagement in the redistribution of income. Discussing various possible economic explanations for the difference, they cover different levels of pre-tax income, openness, and social mobility; they survey politico-historical differences such as the varying physical size of nations, their electoral and legal systems, and the character of their political parties, as well as their experiences of war; and they examine sociological explanations, which include different attitudes to the poor and notions of social responsibility. Most importantly, they address attitudes to race, calculating that attitudes to race explain half the observed difference in levels of public redistribution of income. This important and provocative analysis will captivate academic and serious lay readers in economics and welfare systems.
{"title":"Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe: A World of Difference","authors":"A. Alesina, E. Glaeser","doi":"10.5860/choice.42-2312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-2312","url":null,"abstract":"As events highlight deep divisions in attitudes between America and Europe, this is a very timely study of different approaches to the problems of domestic inequality and poverty. Based on careful and systematic analysis of national data, the authors describe just how much the two continents differ in their level of State engagement in the redistribution of income. Discussing various possible economic explanations for the difference, they cover different levels of pre-tax income, openness, and social mobility; they survey politico-historical differences such as the varying physical size of nations, their electoral and legal systems, and the character of their political parties, as well as their experiences of war; and they examine sociological explanations, which include different attitudes to the poor and notions of social responsibility. Most importantly, they address attitudes to race, calculating that attitudes to race explain half the observed difference in levels of public redistribution of income. This important and provocative analysis will captivate academic and serious lay readers in economics and welfare systems.","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86620578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-12-18DOI: 10.5871/BACAD/9780197263020.001.0001
P. Marshall
Volume 120 of the Proceedings of the British Academy contains 25 obituaries of recently deceased Fellows of the British Academy.
《英国科学院院刊》第120卷收录了25位最近去世的英国科学院院士的讣告。
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Pub Date : 2003-12-04DOI: 10.5871/BACAD/9780197263037.001.0001
M. P.J.
Volume 121 of the Proceedings of the British Academy contains 12 lectures delivered at the British Academy in 2002. Contributors to this volume - Jianjun Mei Charles Higham Ralph Hanna Christopher Ricks Tony Wrigley Linda Colley Murray Pittock Peter Pulzer Wolf Lepenies Angela Leighton Nicholas Stern Lord Woolf
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Pub Date : 2003-12-01DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195165883.001.0001
J. Cortada
In The Digital Hand, James W. Cortada combines detailed analysis with narrative history to provide a broad overview of computing's role in sixteen industries, accounting for nearly half of the U.S. economy. Beginning in 1950, when commercial applications of digital technology began to appear, Cortada examines the ways different industries adopted new technologies, as well as the ways their innovative applications influenced other industries and the U.S economy. In addition, to this account of computers' impact on industry, Cortada also demonstrates how industries themselves influenced the nature of digital technology. Managers, economists, and anyone interested in the history of modern business will appreciate this historical analysis of digital technology's many roles and its future possibilities in a wide array of industries. A detailed picture of what the infrastructure of the Information Age really looks like and how we got there, The Digital Hand is a sweeping survey of how computers transformed the American economy. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/management/9780195165883/toc.html
{"title":"The Digital Hand: How Computers Changed the Work of American Manufacturing, Transportation, and Retail Industries","authors":"J. Cortada","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195165883.001.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195165883.001.0001","url":null,"abstract":"In The Digital Hand, James W. Cortada combines detailed analysis with narrative history to provide a broad overview of computing's role in sixteen industries, accounting for nearly half of the U.S. economy. Beginning in 1950, when commercial applications of digital technology began to appear, Cortada examines the ways different industries adopted new technologies, as well as the ways their innovative applications influenced other industries and the U.S economy. In addition, to this account of computers' impact on industry, Cortada also demonstrates how industries themselves influenced the nature of digital technology. Managers, economists, and anyone interested in the history of modern business will appreciate this historical analysis of digital technology's many roles and its future possibilities in a wide array of industries. A detailed picture of what the infrastructure of the Information Age really looks like and how we got there, The Digital Hand is a sweeping survey of how computers transformed the American economy. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/management/9780195165883/toc.html","PeriodicalId":19574,"journal":{"name":"OUP Catalogue","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74234210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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