Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00178
Marco Antonio Reynolds Chávez, Ángel Capetillo Burela, J. A. López López, Rigoberto Zetina Lezama, M. C. Zapata, Jaime Rangel Quintos
During the last decade in Mexico, the profitability of basic grain crops has decreased considerably due to low productivity caused by unfavorable soil and climatic conditions, which are aggravated by climate change. In addition, the variability of the international economic environment and the rise in fertilizer and fuel prices are factors that seriously affect the production of these food products. In this context, it is important to generate new practices and technological innovations that contribute to reducing these factors. There is an enormous technological lag in soil preparation. At present, the disk plow is still by far the most widely used implement for primary soil preparation in food production, causing high rates of soil loss due to erosion, hard layers, minimal use of moisture and, consequently, low productivity. On the other hand, it requires high power requirements, excessive operation times and high fuel consumption. The purpose of this research was to design a multipurpose prototype for the simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil for crop establishment, with the objective of reducing operation times and fuel consumption, but without detracting from the quality of the labor soil and increasing yields. The results show the design of a Multipurpose prototype, as a mechanical equipment integrated by three sections (chisel plow + harrow + lump breaker), which are combined for the simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil. This technology consists of a single step of soil conditioning (minimum tillage) for crop production, specifically basic grains.
{"title":"Multipurpose technology for simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil (first phase: prototype design)","authors":"Marco Antonio Reynolds Chávez, Ángel Capetillo Burela, J. A. López López, Rigoberto Zetina Lezama, M. C. Zapata, Jaime Rangel Quintos","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00178","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade in Mexico, the profitability of basic grain crops has decreased considerably due to low productivity caused by unfavorable soil and climatic conditions, which are aggravated by climate change. In addition, the variability of the international economic environment and the rise in fertilizer and fuel prices are factors that seriously affect the production of these food products. In this context, it is important to generate new practices and technological innovations that contribute to reducing these factors. There is an enormous technological lag in soil preparation. At present, the disk plow is still by far the most widely used implement for primary soil preparation in food production, causing high rates of soil loss due to erosion, hard layers, minimal use of moisture and, consequently, low productivity. On the other hand, it requires high power requirements, excessive operation times and high fuel consumption. The purpose of this research was to design a multipurpose prototype for the simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil for crop establishment, with the objective of reducing operation times and fuel consumption, but without detracting from the quality of the labor soil and increasing yields. The results show the design of a Multipurpose prototype, as a mechanical equipment integrated by three sections (chisel plow + harrow + lump breaker), which are combined for the simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil. This technology consists of a single step of soil conditioning (minimum tillage) for crop production, specifically basic grains.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90027202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00176
Marco Antonio Reynolds Chávez, Ángel Capetillo Burela, J. A. López López, Rigoberto Zetina Lezama, Martín Cadena Zapata, Jaime Rangel Quintos
In Mexico, the continuous increase in the prices of fossil fuels and agricultural fertilizers has led to a reduction in the area planted with crops, specifically basic grains. This situation has caused substantial ecological and economic losses and a national deficit in the production of basic grains, which has aggravated the economic and social situation of agricultural producers. Faced with these production growth limitations, it is important to generate new practices and innovations that contribute to reducing these factors. In soil preparation, which is considered one of the most costly activities in food production, there is an enormous technological lag. At present, the discs plow is still by far the most widely used implement for primary soil preparation in food production, causing high rates of soil loss due to erosion, hard layers, minimal use of moisture and, consequently, low productivity. Likewise, it requires high power requirements, excessive operation times and high fuel consumption. The purpose of this research was the construction and evaluation of a prototype for simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil for crop establishment to reduce operation times and fuel consumption, without detriment to the quality of work and increase yields. The results show a mechanical equipment integrated by three sections (chisel plow + harrow + lump breaker), which are combined for the simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil. This technology is responsible for performing in a single step, the soil conditioning for crop production, significantly surpassing the conventional system.
{"title":"Multipurpose technology for simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil (second phase: construction and evaluation of the prototype)","authors":"Marco Antonio Reynolds Chávez, Ángel Capetillo Burela, J. A. López López, Rigoberto Zetina Lezama, Martín Cadena Zapata, Jaime Rangel Quintos","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00176","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, the continuous increase in the prices of fossil fuels and agricultural fertilizers has led to a reduction in the area planted with crops, specifically basic grains. This situation has caused substantial ecological and economic losses and a national deficit in the production of basic grains, which has aggravated the economic and social situation of agricultural producers. Faced with these production growth limitations, it is important to generate new practices and innovations that contribute to reducing these factors. In soil preparation, which is considered one of the most costly activities in food production, there is an enormous technological lag. At present, the discs plow is still by far the most widely used implement for primary soil preparation in food production, causing high rates of soil loss due to erosion, hard layers, minimal use of moisture and, consequently, low productivity. Likewise, it requires high power requirements, excessive operation times and high fuel consumption. The purpose of this research was the construction and evaluation of a prototype for simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil for crop establishment to reduce operation times and fuel consumption, without detriment to the quality of work and increase yields. The results show a mechanical equipment integrated by three sections (chisel plow + harrow + lump breaker), which are combined for the simultaneous preparation of primary and secondary tillage of the soil. This technology is responsible for performing in a single step, the soil conditioning for crop production, significantly surpassing the conventional system.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00175
S. Islam, Mak Chowdhury, K. Misbahuzzaman
Agar (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk, Family- Thymeleaceae) has drawn unique position due to the production of world’s most expensive essential oil used in fragrances and as medicine. It is one of the most valuable and economically important commercial tree species planted in some potential forest areas of Bangladesh. The growth rate and yield of the species in Bangladesh are not known. Therefore, for scientific management of the forest necessity of the growth and yield models for the species were felt. The present study was made to derive mathematical models for growth and yield of this species in Bangladesh based on site indices. The models were developed through establishment of permanent sample plots (PSPs) and temporary sample plots (TSPs) with area 0.02 ha and shape is circular and rectangular. Diameter at breast height and total height of all trees in the plots were measured for four successive years from PSPs. Step-wise method and all probable combinations of the independent variables method were used to select the best suited models subject to the satisfaction of the statistical and biological requirements. Models were selected to estimate the stand stocking, stand height, stand diameter, stand basal area and stand volume yield per hectare. The yield prediction models derived in the study could satisfactorily be used for Agar tree plantations within stand age of 3.5 to 17.5 years and site indices of 8. To 20.0 meters based on a base age of 12 years.
{"title":"Mathematical models for growth and yield prediction of agar (Aquilaria malaccensis lamk) plantations in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Islam, Mak Chowdhury, K. Misbahuzzaman","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00175","url":null,"abstract":"Agar (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk, Family- Thymeleaceae) has drawn unique position due to the production of world’s most expensive essential oil used in fragrances and as medicine. It is one of the most valuable and economically important commercial tree species planted in some potential forest areas of Bangladesh. The growth rate and yield of the species in Bangladesh are not known. Therefore, for scientific management of the forest necessity of the growth and yield models for the species were felt. The present study was made to derive mathematical models for growth and yield of this species in Bangladesh based on site indices. The models were developed through establishment of permanent sample plots (PSPs) and temporary sample plots (TSPs) with area 0.02 ha and shape is circular and rectangular. Diameter at breast height and total height of all trees in the plots were measured for four successive years from PSPs. Step-wise method and all probable combinations of the independent variables method were used to select the best suited models subject to the satisfaction of the statistical and biological requirements. Models were selected to estimate the stand stocking, stand height, stand diameter, stand basal area and stand volume yield per hectare. The yield prediction models derived in the study could satisfactorily be used for Agar tree plantations within stand age of 3.5 to 17.5 years and site indices of 8. To 20.0 meters based on a base age of 12 years.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75421640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00174
D. C. Carvalho Lopes, A. J. Steidle Neto
Aeration is widely used to cool grain, preserving the physical conditions of the stored product and appearing as one of the most important practices of the postharvest sector in terms of food security. The proper sizing of the aeration system components is essential for guaranteeing the correct operation and management of this preventive technique. Either pressure or suction airflow could be used in most grain storage structures, with pressure systems being most popular. In this article, procedures required when sizing pressure aeration systems for stored grain are discussed. The main equations and recommendations for selecting the proper fan power and size are presented, aiming at allowing to deliver the adequate aeration airflow rate for grain storage during aeration. Technical information about how to calculate the dimensions of roof vents are also showed, in order to provide natural ventilation inside the storage and avoid under-roof condensation. Additionally, a methodology for calculating the dimensions of the aeration perforated ducts is proposed, aiming at suitable uniformity of airflow in the grain mass during this process. Technical and scientific information described in the literature were integrated with empirical rules and recommendations, resulting in a guideline capable of helping students and engineers that need to size pressure grain aeration systems for flat and cylindrical bins.
{"title":"Sizing of pressure aeration systems for stored grain","authors":"D. C. Carvalho Lopes, A. J. Steidle Neto","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00174","url":null,"abstract":"Aeration is widely used to cool grain, preserving the physical conditions of the stored product and appearing as one of the most important practices of the postharvest sector in terms of food security. The proper sizing of the aeration system components is essential for guaranteeing the correct operation and management of this preventive technique. Either pressure or suction airflow could be used in most grain storage structures, with pressure systems being most popular. In this article, procedures required when sizing pressure aeration systems for stored grain are discussed. The main equations and recommendations for selecting the proper fan power and size are presented, aiming at allowing to deliver the adequate aeration airflow rate for grain storage during aeration. Technical information about how to calculate the dimensions of roof vents are also showed, in order to provide natural ventilation inside the storage and avoid under-roof condensation. Additionally, a methodology for calculating the dimensions of the aeration perforated ducts is proposed, aiming at suitable uniformity of airflow in the grain mass during this process. Technical and scientific information described in the literature were integrated with empirical rules and recommendations, resulting in a guideline capable of helping students and engineers that need to size pressure grain aeration systems for flat and cylindrical bins.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87604605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00173
Abdul Hannan, M. Huda, M. Sultana, Md. Robiul Alam, Md. Ariful Islam
Phosphorus (P) is one of the major limiting nutrients to mung bean production. However, the use of imbalance P nutrient and lack of inocula decreased the mungbean yield in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study has been untaken to study the effect of different phosphorus levels and Bradyrhizobium inocula on the yield and protein content of mungbean. Treatment comprised of four levels of phosphorus - P0, P30, P60, P90 (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 respectively) and strains of Bradyrhizobium inocula - I0, I1, I2 and I3 (not inoculated, inoculation with BINA-MB-THA 301, BINA-MB 441 and BINA-MB 301). The highest seed yield (1066.3 kg ha-1) was obtained from P60 followed by P90 (957.7 kg ha-1) and P30 (870.5 kg ha-1) while the lowest seed yield (578.9 kg ha-1) was obtained from the control. Protein content was highest (24.5 %) in P90, followed by P60 (24.4%) and P30 (24.4 %), and the lowest (24.1 %) was obtained from control. Inoculation of seed increased the yield and yield components, and harvest index. Better performance of the yield components and protein content of seed was found with the inoculants I1. The I1 strain produce the highest seed yield (982.5 kg ha-1) while the lowest yield (670.5 kg ha-1) was obtained from uninoculated control plot. The highest protein content of mungbean seed (25.3 %) was estimated when I1 strain of Bradyrhizobium was used for seed inoculation. Among the treatment combinations, P60I1 provided better growth and yield performance and increased protein content of mungbean.
磷(P)是绿豆生产的主要限制性养分之一。然而，施用磷养分不平衡和接种量不足使孟加拉国绿豆产量下降。因此，本研究旨在研究不同磷水平和接种慢生根瘤菌对绿豆产量和蛋白质含量的影响。磷- P0、P30、P60、P90 4个水平(分别为0、30、60和90 kg P2O5 ha-1)和慢生根瘤菌- I0、I1、I2和I3(未接种，接种BINA-MB- tha 301、BINA-MB 441和BINA-MB 301)处理。P60籽粒产量最高(1066.3 kg ha-1)，其次是P90 (957.7 kg ha-1)和P30 (870.5 kg ha-1)，而对照籽粒产量最低(578.9 kg ha-1)。蛋白质含量以P90最高(24.5%)，其次为P60(24.4%)和P30(24.4%)，对照组最低(24.1%)。接种种子提高了产量和产量构成，提高了收获指数。接种剂I1对种子的产量组成和蛋白质含量有较好的影响。I1株种子产量最高(982.5 kg ha-1)，未接种对照区产量最低(670.5 kg ha-1)。用1株慢生根瘤菌接种绿豆种子时，蛋白质含量最高，为25.3%。在不同处理组合中，P60I1具有较好的生长和产量性能，提高了绿豆的蛋白质含量。
{"title":"Effects of different levels of phosphorus and bradyrhizobium inocula on the productivity and protein content of mungbean (vigna radiata l. wilczek)","authors":"Abdul Hannan, M. Huda, M. Sultana, Md. Robiul Alam, Md. Ariful Islam","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00173","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is one of the major limiting nutrients to mung bean production. However, the use of imbalance P nutrient and lack of inocula decreased the mungbean yield in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study has been untaken to study the effect of different phosphorus levels and Bradyrhizobium inocula on the yield and protein content of mungbean. Treatment comprised of four levels of phosphorus - P0, P30, P60, P90 (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 respectively) and strains of Bradyrhizobium inocula - I0, I1, I2 and I3 (not inoculated, inoculation with BINA-MB-THA 301, BINA-MB 441 and BINA-MB 301). The highest seed yield (1066.3 kg ha-1) was obtained from P60 followed by P90 (957.7 kg ha-1) and P30 (870.5 kg ha-1) while the lowest seed yield (578.9 kg ha-1) was obtained from the control. Protein content was highest (24.5 %) in P90, followed by P60 (24.4%) and P30 (24.4 %), and the lowest (24.1 %) was obtained from control. Inoculation of seed increased the yield and yield components, and harvest index. Better performance of the yield components and protein content of seed was found with the inoculants I1. The I1 strain produce the highest seed yield (982.5 kg ha-1) while the lowest yield (670.5 kg ha-1) was obtained from uninoculated control plot. The highest protein content of mungbean seed (25.3 %) was estimated when I1 strain of Bradyrhizobium was used for seed inoculation. Among the treatment combinations, P60I1 provided better growth and yield performance and increased protein content of mungbean.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"429 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76638523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00172
Rania IM Almoselhy, Rania I.M. Almoselhy
Nanotechnology is the recent science dealing with materials at the nano-sized (smaller than 100nm). Nanotechnology showed its potential significance in almost all industrial sectors. In the current paper, the potency of nanotechnology was affirmed in the food science and technology, especially in the manufacturing of edible oils which passes many procedures, from which is the most important step of bleaching edible oils to remove colorants and contaminants and enhance the quality parameters of these vital components of the human diet. Bleaching process made use of bleaching earth powder which was converted into the nano-sized and then utilized in the bleaching process of edible oils. Results showed the powerful bleaching efficiency optimized by applying nanotechnology in converting the bleaching earth powder to the nano-sized through mechanical milling processes which resulted in smaller size in nanoscale with more efficient surface area available for adsorption of colorants and contaminants of the edible oils resulting in pure edible oils of superior quality and safety.
{"title":"Application of nanotechnology for optimization of bleaching efficiency of edible oils","authors":"Rania IM Almoselhy, Rania I.M. Almoselhy","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00172","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is the recent science dealing with materials at the nano-sized (smaller than 100nm). Nanotechnology showed its potential significance in almost all industrial sectors. In the current paper, the potency of nanotechnology was affirmed in the food science and technology, especially in the manufacturing of edible oils which passes many procedures, from which is the most important step of bleaching edible oils to remove colorants and contaminants and enhance the quality parameters of these vital components of the human diet. Bleaching process made use of bleaching earth powder which was converted into the nano-sized and then utilized in the bleaching process of edible oils. Results showed the powerful bleaching efficiency optimized by applying nanotechnology in converting the bleaching earth powder to the nano-sized through mechanical milling processes which resulted in smaller size in nanoscale with more efficient surface area available for adsorption of colorants and contaminants of the edible oils resulting in pure edible oils of superior quality and safety.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87754986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00171
Harshita Bhalani
{"title":"Covid-19 vaccines – a marvel in healthcare innovation","authors":"Harshita Bhalani","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83839652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00170
D. Pestka
This paper presents a discussion on education of prisoners during the coronavirus pandemic on the example of Poland. Education is an important tool in social rehabilitation of prisoners, which is provided to prepare them for the participation in professional, social and family life. At present, facing the coronavirus pandemic, the entire penitentiary system must deal with problems which have been unknown so far and it must meet new challenges related to education of prisoners. At the same time, the dynamic development of new technologies offers new possibilities in the field of education. The material presented in the paper has been collected by the methods of interviewing, data analysis and content analysis. The obtained results indicate that education of prisoners during the pandemic has not overturned any education schemes which have been applied currently. A fundamental task in education of prisoners is eliminating negative results of social exclusion which are related to education negligence. The results of the research can be applied in a multi-dimensional perspective by both theoreticians and practitioners. They can be also used for improvement and search of better and more efficient solutions in the field of education of prisoners. Considering numerous scientific fields, a discussion might be started to select methods for education of prisoners and to determine how to implement e-learning, with respecting security rules. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the system of prison education has not been disrupted and penitentiary units have been functioning without any problems, in their regular ways. However, it is necessary for every unit to follow the sanitary regime.
{"title":"Education of prisoners during the coronavirus pandemic on the example of Poland","authors":"D. Pestka","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00170","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a discussion on education of prisoners during the coronavirus pandemic on the example of Poland. Education is an important tool in social rehabilitation of prisoners, which is provided to prepare them for the participation in professional, social and family life. At present, facing the coronavirus pandemic, the entire penitentiary system must deal with problems which have been unknown so far and it must meet new challenges related to education of prisoners. At the same time, the dynamic development of new technologies offers new possibilities in the field of education. The material presented in the paper has been collected by the methods of interviewing, data analysis and content analysis. The obtained results indicate that education of prisoners during the pandemic has not overturned any education schemes which have been applied currently. A fundamental task in education of prisoners is eliminating negative results of social exclusion which are related to education negligence. The results of the research can be applied in a multi-dimensional perspective by both theoreticians and practitioners. They can be also used for improvement and search of better and more efficient solutions in the field of education of prisoners. Considering numerous scientific fields, a discussion might be started to select methods for education of prisoners and to determine how to implement e-learning, with respecting security rules. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the system of prison education has not been disrupted and penitentiary units have been functioning without any problems, in their regular ways. However, it is necessary for every unit to follow the sanitary regime.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90215788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00169
R. Menino, I. Lopes, J. Semedo, Paula Scotti Campos, D. Murta, Amélia Castelo-Branco, Cecília Nestler, O. Moreira
The relative agronomic performance of two organic fertilizers - effluents from intensive cattle farming, after composting either by traditional aerobic methods (compost) or by bio-digestion by larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) (frass) - in the growth of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on a sandy soil was evaluated. For this purpose, a pot trial was conducted in a semi-controlled greenhouse. Eight treatments were defined, with four treatments using the compost and four treatments using frass (with a 10% nitroamoniacal nitrogen supplementation in all treatments), in addition to a negative control without fertilization, and a positive control with exclusively chemical nitroamoniacal fertilization. Regarding the biomass production, the BSF frass displayed a higher potential than the compost, with a significantly higher production from an N endowment equivalent to 280 kg ha-1 (252 kg organic N + 28 kg mineral N). While the yields obtained with compost were stable when 350 kg ha-1 (315 kg organic N + 35 kg mineral N) were provided, the yields obtained with BSF frass revealed a tendency to continue to progress with higher doses. This could be justified by the fact that the P2O5 and K2O content of BSF frass is significantly higher than that of the compost, and these nutrients continued to be mineralized over time. Furthermore, the obtained results confirm the potentiating effect of mineral fertilizers in the maximization of biomass production, when associated with organic fertilizers in adequate proportions. In addition, it was verified that the addition of frass enhanced the water use by plants, which was significantly higher than the treatments with compost, regardless of the N endowment. It was concluded that mixing chemical and organic fertilizers positively impacts soil fertility and the sustainability of the production as a whole, by increasing productivities in a sustainable way.
研究了两种有机肥(集约化养牛废水)在沙质土壤上对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)生长的相对农艺性能。这两种有机肥分别由传统的好氧堆肥法(堆肥)和黑虻(Hermetia illucens, BSF)(草)的幼虫进行生物消化。为此，在半受控温室中进行了盆栽试验。确定了8个处理，其中4个处理使用堆肥，4个处理使用杂草(所有处理均添加10%硝基氨氮)，另外还有一个不施肥的负对照和一个只施用化学硝基氨氮的正对照。在生物量生产方面，BSF草表现出比堆肥更高的潜力，在280 kg ha-1 (252 kg有机氮+ 28 kg矿物氮)的N禀赋下，BSF草的产量显著高于堆肥。当提供350 kg ha-1 (315 kg有机氮+ 35 kg矿物氮)时，堆肥的产量保持稳定，BSF草的产量呈现出随着剂量的增加而持续增长的趋势。BSF草料的P2O5和K2O含量明显高于堆肥，且随着时间的推移，这些营养物质持续矿化。此外，所获得的结果证实，当与适当比例的有机肥相结合时，矿物肥料在最大限度地提高生物质产量方面具有增强作用。此外，验证了无论N禀赋如何，添加草料均显著提高了植物的水分利用，且显著高于堆肥处理。综上所述，化肥和有机肥混合施用对土壤肥力和整体生产的可持续性产生积极影响，通过可持续的方式提高生产力。
{"title":"Cattle effluents, either composted or bio-digested by Black Soldier Fly larvae, in the fertilization of ryegrass in sandy soils","authors":"R. Menino, I. Lopes, J. Semedo, Paula Scotti Campos, D. Murta, Amélia Castelo-Branco, Cecília Nestler, O. Moreira","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00169","url":null,"abstract":"The relative agronomic performance of two organic fertilizers - effluents from intensive cattle farming, after composting either by traditional aerobic methods (compost) or by bio-digestion by larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF) (frass) - in the growth of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on a sandy soil was evaluated. For this purpose, a pot trial was conducted in a semi-controlled greenhouse. Eight treatments were defined, with four treatments using the compost and four treatments using frass (with a 10% nitroamoniacal nitrogen supplementation in all treatments), in addition to a negative control without fertilization, and a positive control with exclusively chemical nitroamoniacal fertilization. Regarding the biomass production, the BSF frass displayed a higher potential than the compost, with a significantly higher production from an N endowment equivalent to 280 kg ha-1 (252 kg organic N + 28 kg mineral N). While the yields obtained with compost were stable when 350 kg ha-1 (315 kg organic N + 35 kg mineral N) were provided, the yields obtained with BSF frass revealed a tendency to continue to progress with higher doses. This could be justified by the fact that the P2O5 and K2O content of BSF frass is significantly higher than that of the compost, and these nutrients continued to be mineralized over time. Furthermore, the obtained results confirm the potentiating effect of mineral fertilizers in the maximization of biomass production, when associated with organic fertilizers in adequate proportions. In addition, it was verified that the addition of frass enhanced the water use by plants, which was significantly higher than the treatments with compost, regardless of the N endowment. It was concluded that mixing chemical and organic fertilizers positively impacts soil fertility and the sustainability of the production as a whole, by increasing productivities in a sustainable way.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85190026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00168
M. R, E. C, Fareleira P, A. C. Branco
In the present case study, the aim is to show an example of the effect on residual fertility parameters (particularly with regard to the re-sprouting of plants after the harvesting of the aerial part), taken from a pot experiment, where modalities without fertilization, with mineral fertilization, with organic fertilization and with mixed fertilization were contrasted. Within this context it is possible to conclude the following: Mineral fertilization, alone, leads to a drastic inhibition of plant re-sprouting, that even in mixed fertilization situations (mineral + organic) it is considerable; in terms of residual microbiological activity, this phenomenon seems to be better correlated with reduced dehydrogenase activity than with β-Glucosidase activity.
{"title":"Do mineral fertilisers have a deleterious effect on soil fertility? – case report","authors":"M. R, E. C, Fareleira P, A. C. Branco","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00168","url":null,"abstract":"In the present case study, the aim is to show an example of the effect on residual fertility parameters (particularly with regard to the re-sprouting of plants after the harvesting of the aerial part), taken from a pot experiment, where modalities without fertilization, with mineral fertilization, with organic fertilization and with mixed fertilization were contrasted. Within this context it is possible to conclude the following: Mineral fertilization, alone, leads to a drastic inhibition of plant re-sprouting, that even in mixed fertilization situations (mineral + organic) it is considerable; in terms of residual microbiological activity, this phenomenon seems to be better correlated with reduced dehydrogenase activity than with β-Glucosidase activity.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80220418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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