Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00186
J. W. Sánchez-Obando
The definition of the research problem is fundamental, necessary to approach the study phenomenon. In spite of its relevance, it is not clear the method used to define it, which makes it difficult to design tools to approach the research phenomenon. This essay proposes a look from the concept of authenticity of the problem in the framework of analytical postmodernism to approach the named factor. In total, six study works published between 1921 and 2023 were considered, then ontological and epistemological elements underpinning authenticity were identified. The results showed that the research problem can be supported from the viewpoint of three perspectives: informal logic, critical positivism and postmodernism.
{"title":"The authenticity of research problems","authors":"J. W. Sánchez-Obando","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00186","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of the research problem is fundamental, necessary to approach the study phenomenon. In spite of its relevance, it is not clear the method used to define it, which makes it difficult to design tools to approach the research phenomenon. This essay proposes a look from the concept of authenticity of the problem in the framework of analytical postmodernism to approach the named factor. In total, six study works published between 1921 and 2023 were considered, then ontological and epistemological elements underpinning authenticity were identified. The results showed that the research problem can be supported from the viewpoint of three perspectives: informal logic, critical positivism and postmodernism.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76564552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00185
David Marqués Villarroya
Einstein's theory of relativity establishes that the measurement of the speed of light is constant and invariant in any frame of reference. In this article, we will review that this postulate is fulfilled by applying the Einstein’s velocity addition for the case of one spatial dimension (1D). This work may be of special usefulness for physics students and teachers of pre-university and first-year university levels to introduce relativistic theory.
{"title":"Checking the absolute value of the speed of light in 1D","authors":"David Marqués Villarroya","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00185","url":null,"abstract":"Einstein's theory of relativity establishes that the measurement of the speed of light is constant and invariant in any frame of reference. In this article, we will review that this postulate is fulfilled by applying the Einstein’s velocity addition for the case of one spatial dimension (1D). This work may be of special usefulness for physics students and teachers of pre-university and first-year university levels to introduce relativistic theory.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74912921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00184
JD Bulnes, J. L. Bonilla, J. Prajapati
Here we exhibit alternative proofs of the identities given by Persson-Strang and (Huat-Chan)- -Wan-Zudilin for the Legendre polynomials. Besides, we show the connection between the Lanczos derivative and these polynomials via the Rangarajan-Purushothaman’s formula.
在这里，我们展示了由Persson-Strang和(Huat-Chan)- wan - zudilin给出的关于Legendre多项式的恒等式的替代证明。此外，我们还通过Rangarajan-Purushothaman公式证明了Lanczos导数与这些多项式之间的联系。
{"title":"Certain integrals involving legendre polynomials","authors":"JD Bulnes, J. L. Bonilla, J. Prajapati","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00184","url":null,"abstract":"Here we exhibit alternative proofs of the identities given by Persson-Strang and (Huat-Chan)- -Wan-Zudilin for the Legendre polynomials. Besides, we show the connection between the Lanczos derivative and these polynomials via the Rangarajan-Purushothaman’s formula.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90677707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00196
Julio Cesar Delgado Correal, Beatriz Muller Unser, João Vitor Santana Cunha, Mayra Lopes Secundo Dias, Leandro Augusto Ledesma, P. Damasco
{"title":"Comparative analysis of mortality of critically ill patients with infections due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli treated with ceftazidimeavibactam or polymyxin B","authors":"Julio Cesar Delgado Correal, Beatriz Muller Unser, João Vitor Santana Cunha, Mayra Lopes Secundo Dias, Leandro Augusto Ledesma, P. Damasco","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72768527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00195
David Marqués Villarroya
The escape velocity of an object and the necessary supplied velocity to achieve it are calculated in this paper for several situations of the body, such as from rest, in free fall, and in orbit (several orbital cases are studied). This article clearly and concisely shows that escape velocity and supplied velocity are different magnitudes, as these concepts often cause confusion for students. To address this issue, different initial situations of the body that tries to escape are studied to show in the clearest and the most generic possible way the strategies to address escape problems without conceptual errors.
{"title":"Escape velocity of a body and the delivered velocity required to achieve it in different situations","authors":"David Marqués Villarroya","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2023.06.00195","url":null,"abstract":"The escape velocity of an object and the necessary supplied velocity to achieve it are calculated in this paper for several situations of the body, such as from rest, in free fall, and in orbit (several orbital cases are studied). This article clearly and concisely shows that escape velocity and supplied velocity are different magnitudes, as these concepts often cause confusion for students. To address this issue, different initial situations of the body that tries to escape are studied to show in the clearest and the most generic possible way the strategies to address escape problems without conceptual errors.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81756587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00183
Aloni Clinton
The Niger Delta is an area criss-crossed by network of Rivers and streams, its distributaries flood, erode transport and shape their channels, thereby determining the surrounding land-use and soil characteristics, as well as the lithological formations. The physical characteristics of the region is classified into five ecological zones of mangrove forest and coastal vegetation, freshwater swamp forest zone, lowland rainforest, derived savannah zone. Its geomorphologic factors are composed of sediment deposits washed from the inland and the flood plain of the region has river channels such as Orashi river, whereby the stream energy directed from side to side of the river channel, results in the widening of the valleys. Also the meteorological factors as a result of rainfall excesses are determined primarily by the amount, duration, intensity and time distribution of rainfall. In the Niger Delta the mean annual rainfall ranges between 3000mm to 4000mm that results into the wide distribution of swamps within the area, while the soil factor is being influenced by the climate, vegetation, lithology (rock type) and topography, thus the lithological formations along Orashi river are essentially alluvial and friable, do not resist any erosional tendencies, but rather tend to succumb and aggravate the situation.
{"title":"The effects of lithological formations of the monotonous landscape in the Niger delta region","authors":"Aloni Clinton","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00183","url":null,"abstract":"The Niger Delta is an area criss-crossed by network of Rivers and streams, its distributaries flood, erode transport and shape their channels, thereby determining the surrounding land-use and soil characteristics, as well as the lithological formations. The physical characteristics of the region is classified into five ecological zones of mangrove forest and coastal vegetation, freshwater swamp forest zone, lowland rainforest, derived savannah zone. Its geomorphologic factors are composed of sediment deposits washed from the inland and the flood plain of the region has river channels such as Orashi river, whereby the stream energy directed from side to side of the river channel, results in the widening of the valleys. Also the meteorological factors as a result of rainfall excesses are determined primarily by the amount, duration, intensity and time distribution of rainfall. In the Niger Delta the mean annual rainfall ranges between 3000mm to 4000mm that results into the wide distribution of swamps within the area, while the soil factor is being influenced by the climate, vegetation, lithology (rock type) and topography, thus the lithological formations along Orashi river are essentially alluvial and friable, do not resist any erosional tendencies, but rather tend to succumb and aggravate the situation.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74918962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00182
Oluwakemi Victoria Okunola, O. O. Komolafe, R. Okonji, Oluwadamilare Emmanuel Obayemi, S. T. Asafa, T. Adesakin
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cyanide on the pattern of rhodanese activity distribution in selected organs of Coptodon zillii and water quality of Igun reservoir. Fish and water samples were collected monthly for period of a year to cover both seasons. The physical parameters such as air and water temperature, conductivity, TDS, pH, depth, and transparency were determined. Air temperature and water temperature were determined in situ with a mercury-in-glass thermometer, pH and TDS were determined by calibrated pH meter (PCE-PHD Version 1.1 Model Q656697). Selected organs such as gill, fillet, and liver were used for rhodanese activity analysis while physico-chemical parameters were analyzed based on APHA (2012) standard methods. The pH concentration recorded in this study ranged from 7.1 - 8.1 with a mean of 7.48 ± 0.47 while highest pH mean concentration was observed in dry season (7.61 ± 0.5) compared with the rainy season (7.36 ± 0.24). The mean cyanide concentration was high during the rainy season (0.09 ± 0.03 mg/L) compared with dry season (0.07 ± 0.04 mg/L). The results of rhodanese activity recorded in the gills, fillet, and liver of Coptodon zillii (3.66 ± 3.19 RU/mg, 3.73 ± 2.58 RU/mg, and 3.73 ± 2.68 RU/mg) respectively. Water temperature, pH, and depth showed a positive correlation with rhodanese activity in the gills while a negative correlation was observed between water temperature and rhodanese in the fillet and liver of Coptodon zilllii. Based on the cyanide concentration recorded in this study shown that Igun reservoir is polluted which can be can harmful to humans and other organisms could due to archaic gold mining method using by local miner around the reservoir. Coptodon zillii inhabiting the reservoir showed a high concentration of rhodanese in the different tissues that could serve as the detoxifying mechanism. However, further biochemical analysis of others fish tissue should be examined to determine the effects of mining pollutants on aquatic biota.
本试验研究了氰化物对紫齿象各器官中罗丹斯活性分布规律及伊贡水库水质的影响。鱼和水的样本每月收集一次，为期一年，涵盖两个季节。测定了空气和水的温度、电导率、TDS、pH、深度和透明度等物理参数。空气温度和水温采用玻璃汞温度计原位测定，pH值和TDS采用校准的pH计(PCE-PHD Version 1.1 Model Q656697)测定。选取的器官如鳃、鱼片和肝脏用于罗丹斯活性分析，理化参数根据APHA(2012)标准方法进行分析。本研究记录的pH值范围为7.1 - 8.1，平均值为7.48±0.47，其中旱季pH值最高(7.61±0.5)，雨季pH值最高(7.36±0.24)。雨季氰化物平均浓度(0.09±0.03 mg/L)高于旱季(0.07±0.04 mg/L)。鱼鳃、鱼片和肝脏罗丹斯酶活性分别为3.66±3.19 RU/mg、3.73±2.58 RU/mg和3.73±2.68 RU/mg。水温、pH和深度与鳃中的罗丹斯活性呈正相关，而水温与鱼片和肝脏中的罗丹斯活性呈负相关。根据本研究记录的氰化物浓度，表明伊贡水库受到污染，可能对人类和其他生物有害，这是由于水库周围当地矿工使用古老的采金方法造成的。居住在水库中的紫齿象在不同的组织中显示出高浓度的罗丹斯，这可能是解毒机制。但是，应该对其他鱼类组织进行进一步的生化分析，以确定采矿污染物对水生生物群的影响。
{"title":"Environmental risk assessments of uses cyanide in gold extraction on water quality parameters and its effect on rhodanese activities in selected organs of coptodon zillii in igun reservoir, Southwestern, Nigeria","authors":"Oluwakemi Victoria Okunola, O. O. Komolafe, R. Okonji, Oluwadamilare Emmanuel Obayemi, S. T. Asafa, T. Adesakin","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00182","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cyanide on the pattern of rhodanese activity distribution in selected organs of Coptodon zillii and water quality of Igun reservoir. Fish and water samples were collected monthly for period of a year to cover both seasons. The physical parameters such as air and water temperature, conductivity, TDS, pH, depth, and transparency were determined. Air temperature and water temperature were determined in situ with a mercury-in-glass thermometer, pH and TDS were determined by calibrated pH meter (PCE-PHD Version 1.1 Model Q656697). Selected organs such as gill, fillet, and liver were used for rhodanese activity analysis while physico-chemical parameters were analyzed based on APHA (2012) standard methods. The pH concentration recorded in this study ranged from 7.1 - 8.1 with a mean of 7.48 ± 0.47 while highest pH mean concentration was observed in dry season (7.61 ± 0.5) compared with the rainy season (7.36 ± 0.24). The mean cyanide concentration was high during the rainy season (0.09 ± 0.03 mg/L) compared with dry season (0.07 ± 0.04 mg/L). The results of rhodanese activity recorded in the gills, fillet, and liver of Coptodon zillii (3.66 ± 3.19 RU/mg, 3.73 ± 2.58 RU/mg, and 3.73 ± 2.68 RU/mg) respectively. Water temperature, pH, and depth showed a positive correlation with rhodanese activity in the gills while a negative correlation was observed between water temperature and rhodanese in the fillet and liver of Coptodon zilllii. Based on the cyanide concentration recorded in this study shown that Igun reservoir is polluted which can be can harmful to humans and other organisms could due to archaic gold mining method using by local miner around the reservoir. Coptodon zillii inhabiting the reservoir showed a high concentration of rhodanese in the different tissues that could serve as the detoxifying mechanism. However, further biochemical analysis of others fish tissue should be examined to determine the effects of mining pollutants on aquatic biota.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00181
Domingos Armando Soquir Jeque, César Pedro, Arsênio Daniel Ivo Mulhanga, Ivan Natividade Júlio Zevo, José Eulário Lampi Dique, Santa Helena Carlitos Rabeca Suagiba, Klinarda Bernardo Viandro, Alcides Mario Charimba
Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most economically important vegetables in the world market, being very demanding in terms of soil fertility and, as the soils in Mozambique have, in general, low fertility, organic fertilization is used. To make them compatible with the demands of the culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of fertilization with bovine and swine manure in terms of plant height, plant architecture, number of fruits per plant and fruit production. They were evaluated in an experiment, in the “dry” crop of 2016, at the agricultural research center of the Zambeze University in Tete-Mozambique province. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications and plots of three rows of four meters. From each plot, fifteen plants were measured regarding plant height, number of fruits per plant and fruit production. The data were submitted to statistical processing using Sisvar software, through which normal distribution of data was confirmed, in each variable analysis of variance was performed in the Turkey multiple category test at 5% significance in consideration of the phonological indicators of the culture. The analysis of variance of all parameters evaluated, in the comparison of the averages, there were no significant differences in plant height, number of fruits per plant, and fruit production in both fertilizations, there was a significant difference in the architecture of the plant showing a higher average size when swine manure was applied. From the results shown above, we can infer that fertilization (swine manure) can be one of the alternatives when it is intended to obtain plants with erect architecture, although fruit production for both fertilization is not significant.
{"title":"Pepper yield according to different types of organic fertilization","authors":"Domingos Armando Soquir Jeque, César Pedro, Arsênio Daniel Ivo Mulhanga, Ivan Natividade Júlio Zevo, José Eulário Lampi Dique, Santa Helena Carlitos Rabeca Suagiba, Klinarda Bernardo Viandro, Alcides Mario Charimba","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00181","url":null,"abstract":"Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most economically important vegetables in the world market, being very demanding in terms of soil fertility and, as the soils in Mozambique have, in general, low fertility, organic fertilization is used. To make them compatible with the demands of the culture. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of fertilization with bovine and swine manure in terms of plant height, plant architecture, number of fruits per plant and fruit production. They were evaluated in an experiment, in the “dry” crop of 2016, at the agricultural research center of the Zambeze University in Tete-Mozambique province. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications and plots of three rows of four meters. From each plot, fifteen plants were measured regarding plant height, number of fruits per plant and fruit production. The data were submitted to statistical processing using Sisvar software, through which normal distribution of data was confirmed, in each variable analysis of variance was performed in the Turkey multiple category test at 5% significance in consideration of the phonological indicators of the culture. The analysis of variance of all parameters evaluated, in the comparison of the averages, there were no significant differences in plant height, number of fruits per plant, and fruit production in both fertilizations, there was a significant difference in the architecture of the plant showing a higher average size when swine manure was applied. From the results shown above, we can infer that fertilization (swine manure) can be one of the alternatives when it is intended to obtain plants with erect architecture, although fruit production for both fertilization is not significant.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74100901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00179
Sheneni Victor Duniya, Bala Christiana Joseph, Momoh Isaac Sokoato
Essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens by hydro-distillation by placing 1kg of the washed fresh leaves in round bottom flasks set up with 1liter distilled water. The Mosquitocidal activity, mosquito larvae (larvicidal) and mosquito repellency effect were carried-out using standard modified methods. Percentage yield of the essential oils was gotten as 0.05%. The essential oil showed very strong larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae. There was low mortality rate at lower dose, at a concentration of 6.25ppm the mortality rate was 4% over a period of 6 hours, same concentration at 12 and 24 hours gave mortality rate of 11%. The LC50 and LC 90 at this concentration were 25.21 and 302.67 respectively. At a concentration of 12.50ppm a mortality rate of 4% was also recorded at 6 hours, at 12 and 24 hours 13% mortality were recorded, and same LC50 and LC90 with 6.25ppm. At concentration of 25.00ppm, 20%, mortality rate was recorded for 6 hours and 30% for both 12 and 24 hours, the LC50 and LC90 are 9.575 and 352.458 respectively. There were no significant differences at 50, 100 and 1000ppm, the mortality rate was 100% for the period of 6, 12 and 24 hours with LC50 and LC90 of 0.549 and 0.853 respectively. There was no record of death in the control even after 24 hours. It was observed that the amount of air that enters and leaves the cage affect the rate at which mosquitoes were repelled. In a group of mosquitoes kept in a cage with all sides open (ASO) 65% of the mosquitoes were repelled within 30 minutes while for one side open (OSO) and all sides closed (ASC), 73% and 85% of the mosquitoes were repelled within the same time frame. In a second experiment, 100% of mosquitoes were repelled from the surface of rats with shaven skin where essential oil was applied. The essential oil also demonstrated dose dependent mosquitocidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 6 and 21ppm respectively.
{"title":"Insecticidal and mosquito repellency property of essential oil from hyptis suaveolens leaves","authors":"Sheneni Victor Duniya, Bala Christiana Joseph, Momoh Isaac Sokoato","doi":"10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00179","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil was extracted from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens by hydro-distillation by placing 1kg of the washed fresh leaves in round bottom flasks set up with 1liter distilled water. The Mosquitocidal activity, mosquito larvae (larvicidal) and mosquito repellency effect were carried-out using standard modified methods. Percentage yield of the essential oils was gotten as 0.05%. The essential oil showed very strong larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae. There was low mortality rate at lower dose, at a concentration of 6.25ppm the mortality rate was 4% over a period of 6 hours, same concentration at 12 and 24 hours gave mortality rate of 11%. The LC50 and LC 90 at this concentration were 25.21 and 302.67 respectively. At a concentration of 12.50ppm a mortality rate of 4% was also recorded at 6 hours, at 12 and 24 hours 13% mortality were recorded, and same LC50 and LC90 with 6.25ppm. At concentration of 25.00ppm, 20%, mortality rate was recorded for 6 hours and 30% for both 12 and 24 hours, the LC50 and LC90 are 9.575 and 352.458 respectively. There were no significant differences at 50, 100 and 1000ppm, the mortality rate was 100% for the period of 6, 12 and 24 hours with LC50 and LC90 of 0.549 and 0.853 respectively. There was no record of death in the control even after 24 hours. It was observed that the amount of air that enters and leaves the cage affect the rate at which mosquitoes were repelled. In a group of mosquitoes kept in a cage with all sides open (ASO) 65% of the mosquitoes were repelled within 30 minutes while for one side open (OSO) and all sides closed (ASC), 73% and 85% of the mosquitoes were repelled within the same time frame. In a second experiment, 100% of mosquitoes were repelled from the surface of rats with shaven skin where essential oil was applied. The essential oil also demonstrated dose dependent mosquitocidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 6 and 21ppm respectively.","PeriodicalId":19581,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75633844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.15406/oajs.2022.05.00180
Alice Vieira da Costa, L. K. Calábria, Alexandre Azenha Alves de Rezende, F. Espíndola
Many Vochysiaceae species are widely used in folk medicine to treat some diseases. Vochysia rufa, popularly known as “quina-doce”, has been used in folk medicine to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Although the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects and phytochemical profile of Vochysia rufa have already been elucidated, further studies are needed on the effects of this treatment in specific tissues, such as the brain. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa in diabetic rat brains and for this purpose, oxidative stress markers and the expression/localization of proteins implicated in vesicular trafficking were evaluated. Thirty-two rats were randomized into four groups (non-diabetic, diabetic non-treated, diabetic treated for 43 days with glibenclamide - 6 mg/kg or Vochysia rufa - 500 mg/kg). The extract was administered by gavage for 43 days. Analyses were conducted of enzymes concentration and activity in the brain. The protein levels and localization of myosin-Va, CaMKII, synapsin, SNAP-25 and GLUT4 were also analyzed. Vochysia rufa extract decreased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, total sulfhydryl and lipid peroxidation levels and increased glutathione S-transferase levels. Additionally, Vochysia rufa treatment increased the expression of myosin-Va, CaMKII and also synapsin, which were confirmed by immunolocalization. The treatment with aqueous extract of Vochysia rufa reduces oxidative stress on diabetic rat and protecting the brain from damage caused by hyperglycemia.
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