Optics Communications最新文献

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Ultrawide-field-of-view ultrahigh-spectral-resolution imaging spectrometer based on a grating-beamsplitter interferometer

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131543

Yuecheng Shen, Qinghua Yang, Bingbin Li

An ultrawide-field-of-view ultrahigh-spectral-resolution imaging spectrometer (UFOV-USR-IS) based on a grating-beamsplitter interferometer is presented, which consists of an imaging microlens array arranged in a spherical crown, multiple fibers, a collimating microlens array arranged in a straight line, a grating-beamsplitter interferometer, and a detector. The light collected by each imaging microlens sequentially passes through a fiber and a collimating microlens, then enters the grating-beamsplitter interferometer and is finally received by a pixel array on the detector (e.g. 2 × 2 pixels when the pixel size is 20 μm). For each imaging microlens, the light collected from a single object unit generates an interferogram during one scanning cycle. Combining the outputs of all imaging microlenses results in an ultrawide field of view (e.g. 120° × 30° or 120° × 60°). The relevant formulas and error analysis are derived. The preliminary design and calculation are given. The simulation for the interferogram and spectrum is shown by an example with the spectral range from 900 nm to 1700 nm. The UFOV-USR-IS will be suitable for two-dimensional ultrawide-field-of-view ultrahigh-spectral-resolution spectral imaging in the near-infrared, short-wave infrared, or mid-wave infrared spectral region.

{"title":"Ultrawide-field-of-view ultrahigh-spectral-resolution imaging spectrometer based on a grating-beamsplitter interferometer","authors":"Yuecheng Shen, Qinghua Yang, Bingbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ultrawide-field-of-view ultrahigh-spectral-resolution imaging spectrometer (UFOV-USR-IS) based on a grating-beamsplitter interferometer is presented, which consists of an imaging microlens array arranged in a spherical crown, multiple fibers, a collimating microlens array arranged in a straight line, a grating-beamsplitter interferometer, and a detector. The light collected by each imaging microlens sequentially passes through a fiber and a collimating microlens, then enters the grating-beamsplitter interferometer and is finally received by a pixel array on the detector (e.g. 2 × 2 pixels when the pixel size is 20 μm). For each imaging microlens, the light collected from a single object unit generates an interferogram during one scanning cycle. Combining the outputs of all imaging microlenses results in an ultrawide field of view (e.g. 120° × 30° or 120° × 60°). The relevant formulas and error analysis are derived. The preliminary design and calculation are given. The simulation for the interferogram and spectrum is shown by an example with the spectral range from 900 nm to 1700 nm. The UFOV-USR-IS will be suitable for two-dimensional ultrawide-field-of-view ultrahigh-spectral-resolution spectral imaging in the near-infrared, short-wave infrared, or mid-wave infrared spectral region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical mask projection method and application in in-situ movement fluctuation measurement of motorized stage

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131542

Tianyu Gao , Xiaozhong Xu , Zhihong Huang , Yalong Xue , Yongjun Liu , Jingsong Wei

The fabrication of optical elements with micro/nano-pattern structures typically relies on high numerical aperture (NA) direct laser lithography systems. The stability of such systems is often influenced by movement fluctuation errors of the motorized stages. In this work, the optical mask projection method has been further studied, and a high-precision movement fluctuation measurement module based on the mask projection method has been developed for high-NA direct laser lithography systems. The theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the established module achieves a measurement accuracy of ±10 nm in high-NA systems. Through the application of this module, the in-situ movement fluctuation error of the x-y motorized stage in the direct laser writing lithography system was measured. The results showed an average error of ±3.479 μm for 10 mm × 10 mm movement area, and the movement fluctuation error profile was mapped, accordingly. Based on the results, the corrections were carried out to decrease the installation errors of the motorized stage, an optimized average movement error of ±0.554 μm is obtained, which is 84.1% lower than the initial value before optimization. For 50 mm × 50 mm movement area, the measurement results and direct laser lithography results confirmed that the fluctuation error after correction was within the acceptable range. This work is applicable for the measurement and optimization of movement fluctuation errors of motorized stages in high-NA direct laser writing lithography systems.

{"title":"Optical mask projection method and application in in-situ movement fluctuation measurement of motorized stage","authors":"Tianyu Gao , Xiaozhong Xu , Zhihong Huang , Yalong Xue , Yongjun Liu , Jingsong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of optical elements with micro/nano-pattern structures typically relies on high numerical aperture (NA) direct laser lithography systems. The stability of such systems is often influenced by movement fluctuation errors of the motorized stages. In this work, the optical mask projection method has been further studied, and a high-precision movement fluctuation measurement module based on the mask projection method has been developed for high-NA direct laser lithography systems. The theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the established module achieves a measurement accuracy of ±10 nm in high-NA systems. Through the application of this module, the in-situ movement fluctuation error of the x-y motorized stage in the direct laser writing lithography system was measured. The results showed an average error of ±3.479 μm for 10 mm × 10 mm movement area, and the movement fluctuation error profile was mapped, accordingly. Based on the results, the corrections were carried out to decrease the installation errors of the motorized stage, an optimized average movement error of ±0.554 μm is obtained, which is 84.1% lower than the initial value before optimization. For 50 mm × 50 mm movement area, the measurement results and direct laser lithography results confirmed that the fluctuation error after correction was within the acceptable range. This work is applicable for the measurement and optimization of movement fluctuation errors of motorized stages in high-NA direct laser writing lithography systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observation of the spatiotemporal multiscale evolution mechanism for the interaction between nanosecond pulsed laser and fused silica

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131523

Tingting Wang, Qingshun Bai, Xujie Liu, Xueshi Xu, Wanmin Guo, Hongfei Wang, Yuhao Dou

The issue of damage to fused silica by nanosecond pulsed lasers represents a significant challenge to enhancing the output capacity of high-power laser devices, and thus requires further investigation. The interaction between a laser and fused silica is a complex phenomenon that typically involves interactions across multiple spatiotemporal scales and physical fields. In this paper, a coupled macro-micro multiscale simulation technique based on temperature field is proposed. This method permits the observation of the spatiotemporal multiscale evolution mechanism underlying the interaction between a nanosecond pulsed laser and fused silica. The temperature distributions at various locations at the laser energy, obtained from a heat conduction model, are employed as inputs for laser energy in microscopic molecular dynamics simulations. This approach is employed to elucidate the atomic structure changes induced by laser radiation in fused silica, thereby providing a rapid dynamic correspondence of the processes occurring in fused silica irradiated by nanosecond pulsed laser. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic simulations demonstrate that the damage mechanism in fused silica can be divided into three distinct regions: the solid, melting, and ablation regions. The damage behavior is primarily ascribed to the internal atomic phase transition mechanism. Additionally, the laser fluence has a pronounced impact on the structural alterations occurring within fused silica. It was observed that fused silica undergoes thermal melting at a laser fluence of 1.0 J/cm², at 3.0 J/cm² the melting state coexists with ablation, and above 4.0 J/cm² a large amount of atomic ablation is observed.

{"title":"Observation of the spatiotemporal multiscale evolution mechanism for the interaction between nanosecond pulsed laser and fused silica","authors":"Tingting Wang, Qingshun Bai, Xujie Liu, Xueshi Xu, Wanmin Guo, Hongfei Wang, Yuhao Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issue of damage to fused silica by nanosecond pulsed lasers represents a significant challenge to enhancing the output capacity of high-power laser devices, and thus requires further investigation. The interaction between a laser and fused silica is a complex phenomenon that typically involves interactions across multiple spatiotemporal scales and physical fields. In this paper, a coupled macro-micro multiscale simulation technique based on temperature field is proposed. This method permits the observation of the spatiotemporal multiscale evolution mechanism underlying the interaction between a nanosecond pulsed laser and fused silica. The temperature distributions at various locations at the laser energy, obtained from a heat conduction model, are employed as inputs for laser energy in microscopic molecular dynamics simulations. This approach is employed to elucidate the atomic structure changes induced by laser radiation in fused silica, thereby providing a rapid dynamic correspondence of the processes occurring in fused silica irradiated by nanosecond pulsed laser. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic simulations demonstrate that the damage mechanism in fused silica can be divided into three distinct regions: the solid, melting, and ablation regions. The damage behavior is primarily ascribed to the internal atomic phase transition mechanism. Additionally, the laser fluence has a pronounced impact on the structural alterations occurring within fused silica. It was observed that fused silica undergoes thermal melting at a laser fluence of 1.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, at 3.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> the melting state coexists with ablation, and above 4.0 J/cm<sup>2</sup> a large amount of atomic ablation is observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultraviolet optical spanner with focused vortex metalens

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131535

Yuqing Zhang , Haitang Li , Jin Deng , Yongcan Zeng , Zihan Shen , Lehan Zhao , Mingjie Wu , Xiaoyun He , Chengzhi Huang , Jiagui Wu , Junbo Yang

The miniaturized integrated ultraviolet (UV) optical spanner (OS) plays a crucial role in attaining both high resolution and precise control. In this study, we propose an UV OS scheme with focused vortex metalens. Employing this approach, we have designed a UV metalens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 1.1. Optical forces acting on particles within the focused spiral ring and the trapping potential were computed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Our designed metalens effectively trapped SiO₂ particles with a 60 nm radius within the optical vortex (OV) ring. The maximum optical forces acting on the SiO₂ particles were 3.45 pN W⁻¹, 3.45 pN W⁻¹, and 1.1 pN W⁻¹ in the x, y, and z-directions, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between the optical forces exerted by the OS and particle diameter, particle refractive index, as well as incident power. We also discussed the correlations between azimuthal force, rotational velocity, and torque with changes in topological charge. These findings present innovative technical solutions for the precise manipulation of viral particles and nanoparticles.

{"title":"Ultraviolet optical spanner with focused vortex metalens","authors":"Yuqing Zhang , Haitang Li , Jin Deng , Yongcan Zeng , Zihan Shen , Lehan Zhao , Mingjie Wu , Xiaoyun He , Chengzhi Huang , Jiagui Wu , Junbo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The miniaturized integrated ultraviolet (UV) optical spanner (OS) plays a crucial role in attaining both high resolution and precise control. In this study, we propose an UV OS scheme with focused vortex metalens. Employing this approach, we have designed a UV metalens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 1.1. Optical forces acting on particles within the focused spiral ring and the trapping potential were computed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Our designed metalens effectively trapped SiO<sub>2</sub> particles with a 60 nm radius within the optical vortex (OV) ring. The maximum optical forces acting on the SiO<sub>2</sub> particles were 3.45 pN W<sup>−1</sup>, 3.45 pN W<sup>−1</sup>, and 1.1 pN W<sup>−1</sup> in the <em>x</em>, <em>y</em>, and <em>z</em>-directions, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between the optical forces exerted by the OS and particle diameter, particle refractive index, as well as incident power. We also discussed the correlations between azimuthal force, rotational velocity, and torque with changes in topological charge. These findings present innovative technical solutions for the precise manipulation of viral particles and nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amplification in 1D photonic multilayer structure with spatially chirped PT-symmetric defect in Terahertz domain

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131521

Manish Kala , Pawan Singh , Akhilesh Kumar Mishra

In this paper, we study nonreciprocal enhanced amplification of optical characteristics of a one-dimensional (1D) photonic multilayer structure with a parity-time (PT) symmetric defect layer in the Terahertz regime. Non-Hermitian scattering properties of the 1D photonic structure with different spatially chirped defect layers are explained using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and scattering matrix. The proposed 1D photonic structure exhibits enhanced non-reciprocal reflection with constant loss and gain in the defect layer. In contrast, periodic modulations in loss and gain lead to unidirectional amplification of discrete defect mode. The considered 1D structure is also investigated with the variation in incident angle, which shows the shift of certain defect modes towards higher frequencies and the conversion of perfect absorption points to lasing points for forward and backward incidences. In addition, different chirped profiles of loss and gain modulate the defect modes significantly and induce amplification at a particular incident angle and loss/gain value. The observed amplifications of defect modes can enact unidirectional as well as bidirectional lasing action with proper choice of the chirp profile of gain and loss in the defect layer.

{"title":"Amplification in 1D photonic multilayer structure with spatially chirped PT-symmetric defect in Terahertz domain","authors":"Manish Kala , Pawan Singh , Akhilesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we study nonreciprocal enhanced amplification of optical characteristics of a one-dimensional (1D) photonic multilayer structure with a parity-time (PT) symmetric defect layer in the Terahertz regime. Non-Hermitian scattering properties of the 1D photonic structure with different spatially chirped defect layers are explained using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and scattering matrix. The proposed 1D photonic structure exhibits enhanced non-reciprocal reflection with constant loss and gain in the defect layer. In contrast, periodic modulations in loss and gain lead to unidirectional amplification of discrete defect mode. The considered 1D structure is also investigated with the variation in incident angle, which shows the shift of certain defect modes towards higher frequencies and the conversion of perfect absorption points to lasing points for forward and backward incidences. In addition, different chirped profiles of loss and gain modulate the defect modes significantly and induce amplification at a particular incident angle and loss/gain value. The observed amplifications of defect modes can enact unidirectional as well as bidirectional lasing action with proper choice of the chirp profile of gain and loss in the defect layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature and chirp compensated fibre Bragg grating geophone for improved seismic detection

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131533

H.S. Bhatti , A.M. Aizzuddin , M. Hadeed , E. Vorathin , H. Mohamad , K.S. Lim

This study presents the development and performance evaluation of a temperature and chirp compensated fibre Bragg grating (FBG) geophone for improved seismic detection. The proposed FBG geophone utilized a rubber diaphragm to enhance vibration sensitivity. A differential FBG technique with two-point bonding was employed to eliminate chirping effects and achieve temperature compensation. The fabricated FBG geophone demonstrated a vibration sensitivity of 68.77 pm/g across the range of 1–54 Hz. Moreover, the proposed design exhibited a low cross-axis sensitivity of 3.68% and insignificant temperature sensitivity of 0.25 pm/°C. These findings significantly enhance the overall performance of the proposed FBG geophone for seismic detection.

引用次数: 0

The influence of output mirror transmittance on the output characteristics of a dual-wavelength twin-pulse laser under intra-cavity gain-switching pump operation

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131530

Jian Xu , Yu Liu , Long Jin , Yongji Yu , Yuan Dong

In this study, we report a dual-wavelength twin-pulse laser operating at 912 nm and 1064 nm under the intracavity gain-switching pump, utilizing Nd:GdVO₄ and Nd:YVO₄ as laser gain media in conjunction with a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber. We have established the rate equations for the laser based on intracavity gain-switched pumping and performed simulation analysis to investigate the impact of output coupler transmittance on the laser's output characteristics. In the experiments, simulation results served as key parameters for guidance. Ultimately, we utilized an output mirror with a transmittance of 2% at 912 nm and 5% at 1064 nm. At a maximum pump power of 36.8 W, we achieved a maximum repetition rate of 30.1 kHz, with pulse widths of 48.6 ns for the 912 nm laser and 38 ns for the 1064 nm laser. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

引用次数: 0

A broadband power amplifying metasurface with polarization conversion

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131532

Weixiong Huang, Shixing Yu, Na Kou

This paper proposes a broadband power amplifying metasurface with polarization conversion (PC-PAM). The metasurface is composed of a circular radiating patch on the top, a bowtie slot in the middle and a microstrip feed line backed with a ground plane on the bottom. To minimize the number of amplifier chip used, four elements (2 × 2) share one amplifier chip and they are connected by the T-shaped power dividers to form a sub-array. Next, four sub-arrays are constructed with corresponding feed network for 4 × 4 elements. Measured results show that the proposed metasurface can convert polarization of incident wave and amplify the power of reflected waves by 2.4 dB–7.8 dB in the frequency range of 4.8 GHz–6.0 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 22.2%. Compared with conventional polarization converting metasurfaces, our proposed design can perform polarization conversion while amplifying the reflected power simultaneously, which can be applied in enhancement of wireless signal coverage.

引用次数: 0

Electrically pumped dielectric loaded surface plasmon waveguide laser

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131531

Martin T. Hill, Farhad Foroozandeh

Here we experimentally demonstrate an electrically pumped surface plasmon waveguide laser, which generates surface plasmons on a flat metal surface. The laser is formed by a narrow strip of electrically pumped semiconductor optical gain medium placed close to a flat silver surface. The gain medium is electrically pumped via long thin laterally connected semiconductor pathways. The semiconductor gain medium acts as a dielectric load to localize the surface plasmon component on the silver surface. Lasing is demonstrated at wavelengths near 1500 nm with a section of waveguide which forms a Fabry-Perot cavity. The lasing mode is shown to be the predicted zero order transverse magnetic mode, which allows the greatest miniaturization of the laser size. Lasing is demonstrated at low temperatures due to fabrication imperfections. However, analysis of the results shows the structure has good potential for room temperature operation. With the fabricated device parameters a material gain of 55 cm⁻¹ is required in theory to overcome metal losses, and the confinement factor for the laser waveguide is 0.5. This laser demonstration shows that lateral electrical pumping schemes can be realized. Furthermore, that the schemes provide sufficient pumping of the gain medium to overcome metal losses in surface plasmon waveguides.

{"title":"Electrically pumped dielectric loaded surface plasmon waveguide laser","authors":"Martin T. Hill, Farhad Foroozandeh","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we experimentally demonstrate an electrically pumped surface plasmon waveguide laser, which generates surface plasmons on a flat metal surface. The laser is formed by a narrow strip of electrically pumped semiconductor optical gain medium placed close to a flat silver surface. The gain medium is electrically pumped via long thin laterally connected semiconductor pathways. The semiconductor gain medium acts as a dielectric load to localize the surface plasmon component on the silver surface. Lasing is demonstrated at wavelengths near 1500 nm with a section of waveguide which forms a Fabry-Perot cavity. The lasing mode is shown to be the predicted zero order transverse magnetic mode, which allows the greatest miniaturization of the laser size. Lasing is demonstrated at low temperatures due to fabrication imperfections. However, analysis of the results shows the structure has good potential for room temperature operation. With the fabricated device parameters a material gain of 55 cm<sup>−1</sup> is required in theory to overcome metal losses, and the confinement factor for the laser waveguide is 0.5. This laser demonstration shows that lateral electrical pumping schemes can be realized. Furthermore, that the schemes provide sufficient pumping of the gain medium to overcome metal losses in surface plasmon waveguides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"579 ","pages":"Article 131531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementation of two-qubit reversible SWAP gate in Photonic crystal

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131520

Mir Nadim Sarfaraj, Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay

Quantum SWAP gate is a two-qubit logic gate which can switch quantum states by rearranging their qubits. In this paper, authors propose a novel structure for two-qubit reversible SWAP gate in micro-domain using Photonic crystal. The proposed structure of SWAP gate is designed in a small footprint area of 122.85 μm² which can be used in optical integrated circuits. The same structure can be utilized to process both the intensity encoded qubits and frequency encoded qubits. Frequency encoding method reduces the possibility of information loss significantly. The proposed system is simulated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to verify its performance. The response time of the system is 80 fs only, which ensures a superfast computing and data processing ability with this structure. The extinction ratio of the circuit is also very high. Qubit swapping technique of SWAP gate can be utilized to develop many other quantum logic gates and all-optical circuits in qunit system.

引用次数: 0

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