Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132896
Jiawei Chen, Jian Zhao
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing non-orthogonal multiple access (OFDM-NOMA) visible light communication (VLC) systems suffer degraded performance from imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this paper, we propose a joint subcarrier-and-power allocation algorithm that considers diverse residual interference across subcarriers due to imperfect SIC. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm offers a superior throughput-fairness balance compared to existing algorithms. In addition, the algorithm using diverse residual interference coefficients across subcarriers achieves higher throughput and better user fairness than that using a fixed coefficient.
{"title":"Improved joint subcarrier and power allocation with imperfect SIC in OFDM-NOMA VLC systems","authors":"Jiawei Chen, Jian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing non-orthogonal multiple access (OFDM-NOMA) visible light communication (VLC) systems suffer degraded performance from imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this paper, we propose a joint subcarrier-and-power allocation algorithm that considers diverse residual interference across subcarriers due to imperfect SIC. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm offers a superior throughput-fairness balance compared to existing algorithms. In addition, the algorithm using diverse residual interference coefficients across subcarriers achieves higher throughput and better user fairness than that using a fixed coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 132896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132902
Zijun Zhang, Haotian Sun, Yuqin Chen, Rengmao Wu
High-precision light manipulation is essential for advancing next-generation high-performance three-dimensional (3D) displays. The use of directional backlights in 3D display systems is thus motivated. However, state-of-the-art directional backlights are trapped in the tradeoff between uniformity, directionality, and form factors. Here, we introduce a novel edge-lit directional backlight based on tailored freeform optics. The 17.5 mm thick prototype produces an illumination area of 72 mm × 72 mm, with the uniformity of 94.1 %. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of intensity distribution is 4.61° in the horizontal direction and 2.69° in the vertical direction. The proposed backlight provides exceptional uniformity, high directionality, and compact form factors simultaneously.
{"title":"Edge-lit directional backlight based on tailored freeform optics","authors":"Zijun Zhang, Haotian Sun, Yuqin Chen, Rengmao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-precision light manipulation is essential for advancing next-generation high-performance three-dimensional (3D) displays. The use of directional backlights in 3D display systems is thus motivated. However, state-of-the-art directional backlights are trapped in the tradeoff between uniformity, directionality, and form factors. Here, we introduce a novel edge-lit directional backlight based on tailored freeform optics. The 17.5 mm thick prototype produces an illumination area of 72 mm × 72 mm, with the uniformity of 94.1 %. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of intensity distribution is 4.61° in the horizontal direction and 2.69° in the vertical direction. The proposed backlight provides exceptional uniformity, high directionality, and compact form factors simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 132902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132894
Aleksey Starobor, Oleg Palashov
Thermally induced depolarization in multipass Faraday isolators was studied. It was found that, from the point of view of thermal effects, 4 to 6 passes through a magneto-optical element, depending on magnetic field configuration, are optimal. Two axisymmetric cases of beam arrangement – in a ring and in a line – were considered. It was shown that in either case increasing the distance between the beams up to 1–1.5 diameters changes the magnitude of thermally induced depolarization to the level of individual elements. It was experimentally demonstrated that the thermally induced depolarization reduced by ∼2 times when the passes occur in a line.
{"title":"Thermally induced depolarization in multipass faraday isolators","authors":"Aleksey Starobor, Oleg Palashov","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally induced depolarization in multipass Faraday isolators was studied. It was found that, from the point of view of thermal effects, 4 to 6 passes through a magneto-optical element, depending on magnetic field configuration, are optimal. Two axisymmetric cases of beam arrangement – in a ring and in a line – were considered. It was shown that in either case increasing the distance between the beams up to 1–1.5 diameters changes the magnitude of thermally induced depolarization to the level of individual elements. It was experimentally demonstrated that the thermally induced depolarization reduced by ∼2 times when the passes occur in a line.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 132894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) modes exhibit ultra-high quality factors with minimal radiative losses, enabling enhanced light–matter interactions and sharper spectral features. Realizing QBIC modes in practical devices typically requires carefully engineered structural asymmetry and precise geometric tuning, which pose significant fabrication challenges. In contrast, the blazed grating inherently introduces the required asymmetry and is easier to fabricate, making it a promising platform for realizing QBIC modes. In this paper, we numerically investigate the QBIC modes of a one-dimensional blazed grating structure on a silica platform. The optimized blazed grating supports both accidental and symmetry-protected QBIC modes for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization in the visible spectrum. The accidental QBIC modes are identified by their symmetric field profile, and the multipolar analysis confirms the dominant contribution from the toroidal dipole moment in the blazed grating structure. The symmetry-protected QBIC modes are identified through the antisymmetric field profile. At normal incidence under transverse electric polarization, the quality factors of the accidental and symmetry-protected QBIC modes are and , respectively. For transverse magnetic polarization, the quality factors of accidental and symmetry-protected QBIC modes are and . QBIC-assisted lasing is realized by incorporating optical gain in the ambient medium. Furthermore, by varying the angle of incidence, we show that the spectral position of the QBIC lasing mode can be tuned, enabling the realization of a QBIC-based tunable laser operating in the visible spectrum.
{"title":"Quasi-bound state in continuum assisted lasing in one-dimensional blazed grating","authors":"Diksha Sharma , Jyoti Mandal , Anjani Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBIC) modes exhibit ultra-high quality factors with minimal radiative losses, enabling enhanced light–matter interactions and sharper spectral features. Realizing QBIC modes in practical devices typically requires carefully engineered structural asymmetry and precise geometric tuning, which pose significant fabrication challenges. In contrast, the blazed grating inherently introduces the required asymmetry and is easier to fabricate, making it a promising platform for realizing QBIC modes. In this paper, we numerically investigate the QBIC modes of a one-dimensional blazed grating structure on a silica platform. The optimized blazed grating supports both accidental and symmetry-protected QBIC modes for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization in the visible spectrum. The accidental QBIC modes are identified by their symmetric field profile, and the multipolar analysis confirms the dominant contribution from the toroidal dipole moment in the blazed grating structure. The symmetry-protected QBIC modes are identified through the antisymmetric field profile. At normal incidence under transverse electric polarization, the quality factors of the accidental and symmetry-protected QBIC modes are <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, respectively. For transverse magnetic polarization, the quality factors of accidental and symmetry-protected QBIC modes are <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. QBIC-assisted lasing is realized by incorporating optical gain in the ambient medium. Furthermore, by varying the angle of incidence, we show that the spectral position of the QBIC lasing mode can be tuned, enabling the realization of a QBIC-based tunable laser operating in the visible spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 132877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132860
Ke Li, Jinbin Gui, Mengxue Li, Haoyu Liu, Wengping Zhong
The Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) iterative algorithm is a classical method for phase retrieval but suffers from slow convergence and dependence on the initial phase. This paper proposes an optimized iterative algorithm based on image-plane phase momentum acceleration and amplitude feedback. Unlike weighted-type algorithms that primarily impose constraints on amplitude, the proposed algorithm constructs a momentum term utilizing historical phase information in the image plane. This term adjusts the input image-plane phase in each iteration. When the actual change trend of the image-plane phase aligns with the momentum direction, a significant acceleration effect is produced, effectively reducing the number of iterations and shrinking the size of the noise region. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior reconstruction quality with smaller noise regions and exhibits stronger robustness to initial phase conditions. Optical experimental results are consistent with simulations, further validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Optimized iterative algorithm for generating phase-only Fourier hologram based on phase momentum","authors":"Ke Li, Jinbin Gui, Mengxue Li, Haoyu Liu, Wengping Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) iterative algorithm is a classical method for phase retrieval but suffers from slow convergence and dependence on the initial phase. This paper proposes an optimized iterative algorithm based on image-plane phase momentum acceleration and amplitude feedback. Unlike weighted-type algorithms that primarily impose constraints on amplitude, the proposed algorithm constructs a momentum term utilizing historical phase information in the image plane. This term adjusts the input image-plane phase in each iteration. When the actual change trend of the image-plane phase aligns with the momentum direction, a significant acceleration effect is produced, effectively reducing the number of iterations and shrinking the size of the noise region. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior reconstruction quality with smaller noise regions and exhibits stronger robustness to initial phase conditions. Optical experimental results are consistent with simulations, further validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"606 ","pages":"Article 132860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132874
M. Amraie , T. Fathollahi-Khalkhali , A. Aghamohammadi , E. Lotfi
This study numerically investigates methods to improve the coupling efficiency between planar photonic crystal (PC) lenses and ultra-slow light PC waveguides. The structures consist of aluminum oxide rod arrays in air, where modified and geometrically optimized W1 and W2 waveguides are combined with a linearly graded square lattice PC lens to achieve efficient coupling. A single frequency source excites various configurations of slow light waveguides, enabling a controlled evaluation of their coupling behavior. The results show that the optimized designs preserve high coupling efficiency , with the best configuration exhibiting a marked enhancement when even compared to standard photonic crystal waveguides. These findings demonstrate that properly engineered planar PC lenses can reliably inject light into ultra-slow light PC waveguides with minimal loss, supporting the development of compact photonic integrated circuits that require enhanced light–matter interactions and precise control of signal delay.
{"title":"Coupling performance of a planar lens to ultra slow-light photonic crystal waveguides: Simulation-based analysis and field distribution study","authors":"M. Amraie , T. Fathollahi-Khalkhali , A. Aghamohammadi , E. Lotfi","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study numerically investigates methods to improve the coupling efficiency between planar photonic crystal (PC) lenses and ultra-slow light PC waveguides. The structures consist of aluminum oxide rod arrays in air, where modified and geometrically optimized W1 and W2 waveguides are combined with a linearly graded square lattice PC lens to achieve efficient coupling. A single frequency source excites various configurations of slow light waveguides, enabling a controlled evaluation of their coupling behavior. The results show that the optimized designs preserve high coupling efficiency <span><math><mrow><mn>11.75</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>d</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span>, with the best configuration exhibiting a marked enhancement when even compared to standard photonic crystal waveguides. These findings demonstrate that properly engineered planar PC lenses can reliably inject light into ultra-slow light PC waveguides with minimal loss, supporting the development of compact photonic integrated circuits that require enhanced light–matter interactions and precise control of signal delay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 132874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132882
Meng Wu , Yongjia Yang , Daoxin Li , Lin Li , Biyi Wang , Wanli Zhao , Yong Jiang
The morphological characteristics of multi-core discrete filamentary damage induced by 355 nm ns laser irradiation in fused silica were investigated, along with the growth behavior and influencing mechanisms under multiple laser irradiation at varying energies. The results indicate that only low-energy lasers trigger repeated re-damage behavior, forming new damage zones of similar dimensions. The total filament length also increases substantially due to this re-damage behavior. During this process, the energy deposition location gradually shifts from the core zone to the front surface with successive irradiations, establishing a positive feedback loop of damage-plasma formation-enhanced damage. This ultimately inhibits bulk damage propagation, resulting in a surface-localized damage morphology. The results provide experimental evidence for understanding the damage mechanism in fused silica and the performance of optical components.
{"title":"Study on multi-core discrete filamentation in fused silica induced by ultraviolet laser","authors":"Meng Wu , Yongjia Yang , Daoxin Li , Lin Li , Biyi Wang , Wanli Zhao , Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The morphological characteristics of multi-core discrete filamentary damage induced by 355 nm ns laser irradiation in fused silica were investigated, along with the growth behavior and influencing mechanisms under multiple laser irradiation at varying energies. The results indicate that only low-energy lasers trigger repeated re-damage behavior, forming new damage zones of similar dimensions. The total filament length also increases substantially due to this re-damage behavior. During this process, the energy deposition location gradually shifts from the core zone to the front surface with successive irradiations, establishing a positive feedback loop of damage-plasma formation-enhanced damage. This ultimately inhibits bulk damage propagation, resulting in a surface-localized damage morphology. The results provide experimental evidence for understanding the damage mechanism in fused silica and the performance of optical components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 132882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing global internet traffic may result capacity crunch in optical fiber networks, and the issue can be resolved by a low loss fiber with negligible latency. Here, we present a new strategy in antiresonant fiber design to transmit signal rapidly, reporting an extremely minimal loss and a tremendous bandwidth with a simpler structure. Interconnecting circular tubes within elliptical ones in cladding arrangement greatly enhance the negative and positive curvature layers, leading to a substantial improvement of fiber’s performance. It reveals the least confinement loss in the popular communication windows, as dB/km at and dB/km at , while offers the lowest loss level of dB/km at due to having additional tube layers. Besides, the reported fiber supports a 410 nm of broader bandwidth by sustaining a loss of dB/km covering most telecom band. Additionally, the surface scattering loss resulting from the thermodynamic fluctuations at the silica–air interface has been examined, revealing a minimal loss of dB/km at . Furthermore, the fiber reveals a minimal bending loss of dB/km at 4 cm and dB/km at 25 cm bend radius. Throughout the desired wavelength range; the fiber demonstrates modest bending loss even under significant bending conditions, and offers a highly effective single-mode response. Overall, the new cladding arrangement along with the superior performance of the reported fiber may have significant potential in optical communication systems.
{"title":"Extremely low loss and broad bandwidth in an interconnected nested tube antiresonant fiber","authors":"Kumary Sumi Rani Shaha , Munira Islam , Abdul Khaleque , Azra Sadia Sultana , Mst. Sumaya Akter , Rosni Sayed","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing global internet traffic may result capacity crunch in optical fiber networks, and the issue can be resolved by a low loss fiber with negligible latency. Here, we present a new strategy in antiresonant fiber design to transmit signal rapidly, reporting an extremely minimal loss and a tremendous bandwidth with a simpler structure. Interconnecting circular tubes within elliptical ones in cladding arrangement greatly enhance the negative and positive curvature layers, leading to a substantial improvement of fiber’s performance. It reveals the least confinement loss in the popular communication windows, as <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>55</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>31</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, while offers the lowest loss level of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>425</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> due to having additional tube layers. Besides, the reported fiber supports a 410 nm of broader bandwidth by sustaining a loss of <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km covering most telecom band. Additionally, the surface scattering loss resulting from the thermodynamic fluctuations at the silica–air interface has been examined, revealing a minimal loss of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>55</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. Furthermore, the fiber reveals a minimal bending loss of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km at 4 cm and <span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> dB/km at 25 cm bend radius. Throughout the desired wavelength range; the fiber demonstrates modest bending loss even under significant bending conditions, and offers a highly effective single-mode response. Overall, the new cladding arrangement along with the superior performance of the reported fiber may have significant potential in optical communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 132863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132886
Chun-Yu Li , Yi-Yun Sie , Yu-Cheng Lin , Chen-En Tsai , Yu-Xiang Sun , Kuan-An Chen , Kuroda Hideki , Hung-Chen Kuo , Chih-Jung Chen
We propose a microlens array (MLA) structure to enhance the optical performance of quantum-dot color-conversion (QDCC) micro-LEDs for near-eye displays. The design integrates high-refractive-index microlenses with a low-refractive-index filler to reduce light divergence and increase forward brightness. The MLA/low-index filler configuration narrows the angular spread of scattered light, while the microlens curvature further collimates the emission. Simulation results indicate that, despite using a fully absorptive black bank to suppress optical crosstalk, increasing the microlens refractive index to 2.0 can still enhance the forward brightness of red, green, and blue sub-pixels by nearly fourfold. The MLA/low-index filler structure also improves angular color stability. As the structure is compatible with standard fabrication processes, it offers a practical solution for advanced near-eye micro-LED display integration.
{"title":"Enhancing optical performance of Micro-LEDs in near-eye displays via microlens-assisted light management","authors":"Chun-Yu Li , Yi-Yun Sie , Yu-Cheng Lin , Chen-En Tsai , Yu-Xiang Sun , Kuan-An Chen , Kuroda Hideki , Hung-Chen Kuo , Chih-Jung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a microlens array (MLA) structure to enhance the optical performance of quantum-dot color-conversion (QDCC) micro-LEDs for near-eye displays. The design integrates high-refractive-index microlenses with a low-refractive-index filler to reduce light divergence and increase forward brightness. The MLA/low-index filler configuration narrows the angular spread of scattered light, while the microlens curvature further collimates the emission. Simulation results indicate that, despite using a fully absorptive black bank to suppress optical crosstalk, increasing the microlens refractive index to 2.0 can still enhance the forward brightness of red, green, and blue sub-pixels by nearly fourfold. The MLA/low-index filler structure also improves angular color stability. As the structure is compatible with standard fabrication processes, it offers a practical solution for advanced near-eye micro-LED display integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"607 ","pages":"Article 132886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electro-optic (EO) modulators based on lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) are indispensable components in high-speed optical communication systems, yet their high-frequency performance is significantly constrained by microwave (MW)-induced thermal effects. A thorough understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms is essential for interpreting device behavior and guiding the development of advanced modulator technologies. This study investigates thermal challenges in thin-film LN EO modulators under high-frequency MW excitation by establishing a comprehensive multi-physics model that couples electric, optical, thermal, and mechanical phenomena. The research offers detailed insights into how MW heating affects various physical fields within the device and ultimately influences optical transmission. Results demonstrate that the rise in localized temperature caused by MW heating modifies the refractive index distribution in LN waveguides via the thermo-optic effect, resulting in considerable nonlinear optical phase drift. Under high-frequency conditions, phase shifts induced by MW heating are markedly exacerbated, imposing a major constraint on the phase stability of modulators. This work provides a detailed explanation of fundamental principles of MW heating-induced phase shifts in modulators and explores the relationships among MW heating, temperature rise, phase shift, and their dependence. The findings establish an important theoretical foundation for the optimized design of next-generation high-performance EO modulators.
{"title":"Microwave thermal effects on the phase stability of lithium niobate electro-optic modulators","authors":"Fengze Yue, Xuehan Li, Yi Shen, Weijie Gao, Lanxiang Gao, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optcom.2026.132884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-optic (EO) modulators based on lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>, LN) are indispensable components in high-speed optical communication systems, yet their high-frequency performance is significantly constrained by microwave (MW)-induced thermal effects. A thorough understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms is essential for interpreting device behavior and guiding the development of advanced modulator technologies. This study investigates thermal challenges in thin-film LN EO modulators under high-frequency MW excitation by establishing a comprehensive multi-physics model that couples electric, optical, thermal, and mechanical phenomena. The research offers detailed insights into how MW heating affects various physical fields within the device and ultimately influences optical transmission. Results demonstrate that the rise in localized temperature caused by MW heating modifies the refractive index distribution in LN waveguides via the thermo-optic effect, resulting in considerable nonlinear optical phase drift. Under high-frequency conditions, phase shifts induced by MW heating are markedly exacerbated, imposing a major constraint on the phase stability of modulators. This work provides a detailed explanation of fundamental principles of MW heating-induced phase shifts in modulators and explores the relationships among MW heating, temperature rise, phase shift, and their dependence. The findings establish an important theoretical foundation for the optimized design of next-generation high-performance EO modulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19586,"journal":{"name":"Optics Communications","volume":"605 ","pages":"Article 132884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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