{"title":"Backward extrusion of pipe workpieces from non-ferrous alloys with a cone-shaped punch","authors":"A. Pasynkov, V. I. Tregubov, O. Boriskin","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rozhkov, K. Krutikov, A. Fedulov, V. V. Fedotov
{"title":"Simulation of induction motors with energy recuperation for lifting mechanisms of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises","authors":"V. Rozhkov, K. Krutikov, A. Fedulov, V. V. Fedotov","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41804376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aspects of iridium extraction from chloride solution","authors":"G. Petrov, S. Fokina, T. Nikitina","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47492764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Gvozdeva, A. Shalin, A. S. Stepushin, G. Zaynetdinova
The paper discusses the use of titanium alloys, for example, the VT6 alloy, for local armoring, which, with their minimum specific surface area, should provide high absorption of impact energy and a slow rate of crack propagation. It is shown that the achievement of such contradictory requirements is possible due to the creation of a directional gradient structure in the semi-finished product, which varies linearly from one side of the surface to the opposite. It is shown that the creation of such structures is possible due to the combined use of thermal and chemical-thermal treatments. The regularities of the formation of a unidirectional gradient structure in plates made of titanium alloy VT6 by means of thermal hydrogen treatment are investigated. It has been established that oxide and nitride coatings formed at isother-mal holdings for 4 hours and 30 minutes, respectively, work effectively as a barrier to hydrogen penetration. It has been found that the barrier oxide and nitride coatings most effectively perform the “protective” function when hydrogen is introduced up to 0.4%. It is shown that by varying the concentration of the introduced hydrogen, it is possible to change the depth of its diffusion penetration and, accordingly, the structure in the near-surface layers. It is shown that the finely dispersed structure formed on the surface of semi-finished products gives it increased strength characteristics, and the coarse-lamellar structure in the center of the samples provides good toughness and slows down the rate of crack propagation. It has been found that the barrier properties of the oxide coating during the thermal hydrogen treatment of large-sized items are slightly inferior to the same properties of the nitride coating. It is shown that the creation of a unidirectional gradient structure in plates made of VT6 alloy with a thickness of 12 mm provides them with good dynamic resistance when fired with 5.45 mm high penetration ammunition and 7.62 mm with a steel core bullet.
{"title":"Formation of a unidirectional gradient structure in titanium alloy using reversible hydrogen alloying","authors":"O. Gvozdeva, A. Shalin, A. S. Stepushin, G. Zaynetdinova","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the use of titanium alloys, for example, the VT6 alloy, for local armoring, which, with their minimum specific surface area, should provide high absorption of impact energy and a slow rate of crack propagation. It is shown that the achievement of such contradictory requirements is possible due to the creation of a directional gradient structure in the semi-finished product, which varies linearly from one side of the surface to the opposite. It is shown that the creation of such structures is possible due to the combined use of thermal and chemical-thermal treatments. The regularities of the formation of a unidirectional gradient structure in plates made of titanium alloy VT6 by means of thermal hydrogen treatment are investigated. It has been established that oxide and nitride coatings formed at isother-mal holdings for 4 hours and 30 minutes, respectively, work effectively as a barrier to hydrogen penetration. It has been found that the barrier oxide and nitride coatings most effectively perform the “protective” function when hydrogen is introduced up to 0.4%. It is shown that by varying the concentration of the introduced hydrogen, it is possible to change the depth of its diffusion penetration and, accordingly, the structure in the near-surface layers. It is shown that the finely dispersed structure formed on the surface of semi-finished products gives it increased strength characteristics, and the coarse-lamellar structure in the center of the samples provides good toughness and slows down the rate of crack propagation. It has been found that the barrier properties of the oxide coating during the thermal hydrogen treatment of large-sized items are slightly inferior to the same properties of the nitride coating. It is shown that the creation of a unidirectional gradient structure in plates made of VT6 alloy with a thickness of 12 mm provides them with good dynamic resistance when fired with 5.45 mm high penetration ammunition and 7.62 mm with a steel core bullet.","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49338632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kolesnikov, Aung Pyae, T. V. Davydkova, V. Kolesnikov
{"title":"Establishment of regularities of electroflotation extraction of non-ferrous metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Fe) hydroxides from wastewater of various compositions in the presence of industrial surfactants","authors":"A. Kolesnikov, Aung Pyae, T. V. Davydkova, V. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42688499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. D. Shchitsyn, Е. А. Krivonosova, Т. V. Olshanskaya, S. Neulybin
{"title":"Application of plasma surfacing for additive formation of titanium alloy billets","authors":"Yu. D. Shchitsyn, Е. А. Krivonosova, Т. V. Olshanskaya, S. Neulybin","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46922756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The austenitic stainless steels, which are given the most attention in this overview, are widely used in many industries. The exceptional complex of properties of these steels allows them to be used as structural materials for components of nuclear reactors, diesel, aircraft and rocket engines, stationary gas turbines. The most complicated technological operations in the manufacture of structural elements are intermediate and final assemblies. In most cases, these operations are performed using various types of cutting and welding. Brazing is used for the manufacture of thin-walled precision structures with complex geometries, requiring a low quality of accuracy [1–2]. Brazed joints are able to withstand high temperatures, static and dynamic mechanical loads, and the influence of aggressive media for a long time without noticeable deterioration of their properties. Depending on the tasks and the shape of the finished product, capillary brazing or “sandwich” brazing is used. In the case of capillary brazing, the filler metal is placed on the surface of the product outside the gap so that the molten braze alloy flows into the gap. This method can be used for products with complex geometries, but it requires good wettability and high fluidity of the filler metal. An example is the brazing of stepped outer air seal segment [3] made of stainless steel. This segment is a plate with honeycombs brazed by Ni – 7Cr – 4.5Si – 3Fe – 3B, wt.% filler metal. In the work [4], this technology successfully solves the problem of brazing honeycombs from a thin nickel superalloy foil using a nickel-based filler metal Ni – 18Cr – 10Si, wt.%. Thus, the processes of wetting and flowing of braze alloy into the gap are important parameters that must be taken into account in order to obtain a high-quality connection [5]. The ability of the brazed alloy to flow into the gap determines the height of its rise in the capillary, which is critical when joining parts of honeycomb structures, such as heat exchangers. For example, in the work [6], vacuum brazing of a steel intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) using a nickel-based filler metal Ni – 7Cr – 4.5Si – 3Fe – 3B, wt.% is considered. IHX is an important component of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) [7], designed for a power and hydrogen production system. In addition to the growing reactor Overview of nickel-based filler metals for brazing of austenitic stainless steels
{"title":"Overview of nickel-based filler metals for brazing of austenitic stainless steels","authors":"M. Penyaz, A. Ivannikov, O. Sevryukov, B. Kalin","doi":"10.17580/nfm.2021.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/nfm.2021.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The austenitic stainless steels, which are given the most attention in this overview, are widely used in many industries. The exceptional complex of properties of these steels allows them to be used as structural materials for components of nuclear reactors, diesel, aircraft and rocket engines, stationary gas turbines. The most complicated technological operations in the manufacture of structural elements are intermediate and final assemblies. In most cases, these operations are performed using various types of cutting and welding. Brazing is used for the manufacture of thin-walled precision structures with complex geometries, requiring a low quality of accuracy [1–2]. Brazed joints are able to withstand high temperatures, static and dynamic mechanical loads, and the influence of aggressive media for a long time without noticeable deterioration of their properties. Depending on the tasks and the shape of the finished product, capillary brazing or “sandwich” brazing is used. In the case of capillary brazing, the filler metal is placed on the surface of the product outside the gap so that the molten braze alloy flows into the gap. This method can be used for products with complex geometries, but it requires good wettability and high fluidity of the filler metal. An example is the brazing of stepped outer air seal segment [3] made of stainless steel. This segment is a plate with honeycombs brazed by Ni – 7Cr – 4.5Si – 3Fe – 3B, wt.% filler metal. In the work [4], this technology successfully solves the problem of brazing honeycombs from a thin nickel superalloy foil using a nickel-based filler metal Ni – 18Cr – 10Si, wt.%. Thus, the processes of wetting and flowing of braze alloy into the gap are important parameters that must be taken into account in order to obtain a high-quality connection [5]. The ability of the brazed alloy to flow into the gap determines the height of its rise in the capillary, which is critical when joining parts of honeycomb structures, such as heat exchangers. For example, in the work [6], vacuum brazing of a steel intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) using a nickel-based filler metal Ni – 7Cr – 4.5Si – 3Fe – 3B, wt.% is considered. IHX is an important component of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) [7], designed for a power and hydrogen production system. In addition to the growing reactor Overview of nickel-based filler metals for brazing of austenitic stainless steels","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48523341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a profound review of scientific and technical literature on the issues of calciothermic production of powders of rare metals, intermetallic compounds, composite materials and refractory oxygen-free compounds (carbides, nitrides). Calciothermic reduction is a metallothermic synthesis method for those substances where calcium or its derivatives, such as calcium hydride or calcium carbide, are used as a reducing agent. Thermodynamics aspects of a reduction process are covered in the paper broadly, with particular emphasis on assessing the reduction depth of original oxide raw materials, as TiO2. The mechanism and kinetics of calciothermic synthesis of single-component and multi-component alloys are described. Presented are both technological means of obtaining materials and hardware resources of many varieties of calciothermic method. The key features of the work are generalization and systematization of properties (chemical, physical, technological) of materials synthesized by calciothermic method. The data are accumulated in the appropriate tables and divided by substance classes (powders of metals and alloys, powders of intermetallic compounds, powders of carbides, powders of nitrides, and powders of composite materials). Methods of calciothermic powder making in case of the singlecomponent and complex multi-component systems are briefly described. This work will be interesting to the students of metallurgical profile and specialists whose scientific interests are in the field of material synthesis by methods of powder metallurgy.
{"title":"Calciothermic powders of rare metals and intermetallic compounds","authors":"A. Kasimtsev, S. Yudin, Y. Levinsky","doi":"10.17580/NFM.2020.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/NFM.2020.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a profound review of scientific and technical literature on the issues of calciothermic production of powders of rare metals, intermetallic compounds, composite materials and refractory oxygen-free compounds (carbides, nitrides). Calciothermic reduction is a metallothermic synthesis method for those substances where calcium or its derivatives, such as calcium hydride or calcium carbide, are used as a reducing agent. Thermodynamics aspects of a reduction process are covered in the paper broadly, with particular emphasis on assessing the reduction depth of original oxide raw materials, as TiO2. The mechanism and kinetics of calciothermic synthesis of single-component and multi-component alloys are described. Presented are both technological means of obtaining materials and hardware resources of many varieties of calciothermic method. The key features of the work are generalization and systematization of properties (chemical, physical, technological) of materials synthesized by calciothermic method. The data are accumulated in the appropriate tables and divided by substance classes (powders of metals and alloys, powders of intermetallic compounds, powders of carbides, powders of nitrides, and powders of composite materials). Methods of calciothermic powder making in case of the singlecomponent and complex multi-component systems are briefly described. This work will be interesting to the students of metallurgical profile and specialists whose scientific interests are in the field of material synthesis by methods of powder metallurgy.","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46050958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the study of archaeological evidences and literary tradition regarding ancient Greek shields as metal artifacts or as the artifacts made by the use of metal. Presented is an attempt at interpreting the names “σάκος” (sakos) and “ἀσπίς” (aspis), by which ancient authors called the Greek shields in the Archaic and Classical Periods. New data on the dating of some artefacts let assume that a number of shields, the production technology of which goes back to the Late Bronze Age or made later (in the Geometric or Archaic Periods) may have been displayed in sanctuaries under the influence of the artifacts from the Late Bronze Age. The authors propose a version according to which Herodotus, describing the Croesus’ gifts in Thebes, uses the word “σάκος”, thereby emphasizing the uncommonness of the golden shield, its heroic antiquity and the reliability of the Amphiaraus’ shield. Archaeological parallels and the words “φαενάν [ἀσπ]ίδα” from an inscription found in Thebes suggest that it was a round shield. Thisartifact had not only a religious, but also a historical and educational function, being an article that bounds up the Thebans with their heroic past. This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 18-78-10001.
{"title":"The Greek shield as a metal artifact and its reflection in the story of the Croesus’ gifts in Thebes","authors":"A. Mozhajsky, V. Pichugina","doi":"10.17580/NFM.2020.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/NFM.2020.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of archaeological evidences and literary tradition regarding ancient Greek shields as metal artifacts or as the artifacts made by the use of metal. Presented is an attempt at interpreting the names “σάκος” (sakos) and “ἀσπίς” (aspis), by which ancient authors called the Greek shields in the Archaic and Classical Periods. New data on the dating of some artefacts let assume that a number of shields, the production technology of which goes back to the Late Bronze Age or made later (in the Geometric or Archaic Periods) may have been displayed in sanctuaries under the influence of the artifacts from the Late Bronze Age. The authors propose a version according to which Herodotus, describing the Croesus’ gifts in Thebes, uses the word “σάκος”, thereby emphasizing the uncommonness of the golden shield, its heroic antiquity and the reliability of the Amphiaraus’ shield. Archaeological parallels and the words “φαενάν [ἀσπ]ίδα” from an inscription found in Thebes suggest that it was a round shield. Thisartifact had not only a religious, but also a historical and educational function, being an article that bounds up the Thebans with their heroic past. This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 18-78-10001.","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45377424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Tymbayeva, S. Mamyachenkov, S. Bannikova, O. S. Anisimova
The article is concerned with the problem of arsenic circulation as copper skimmings of lead production — the product of the lead bullion decopperization process at a metallurgical complex, uniting copper and lead plants. A brief overview of the methods of processing arsenic-containing middling products for the purpose of arsenic removal is given; the main advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The possibility of processing copper skimmings by the method of alkaline sulfide leaching with separation into arseniccontaining solution and lead-copper precipitate is studied. The results of the researches into the influence of temperature, process duration, solids content in the pulp, particle size, and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to elemental sulfur in the alkaline sulfide reagent on the process of alkaline sulfide leaching of copper skimmings af lead production are provided. Within the studied range of varied factors, the highest indexes of arsenic extraction into solution (85.04%) were achieved under the following conditions: temperature — 85 °C, duration — 4 hours, solids content in the pulp — 350 g/dm3, fraction (–0.08 mm), NaOH/S ratio = 100 g/100 g in 1 dm3 of the solution. The proposed method for processing copper skimmings will allow one to selectively isolate arsenic into the dump waste product during subsequent precipitation and separate contaminant from lead-copper cake, into which precious metals also pass. Such an approach provides the reduction of arsenic circulation between the lead and copper manufacturing facilities.
{"title":"Studying the impact of alkaline sulfide leaching parameters upon the efficiency of arsenic recovery from copper skimmings of lead production","authors":"A. A. Tymbayeva, S. Mamyachenkov, S. Bannikova, O. S. Anisimova","doi":"10.17580/NFM.2020.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/NFM.2020.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article is concerned with the problem of arsenic circulation as copper skimmings of lead production — the product of the lead bullion decopperization process at a metallurgical complex, uniting copper and lead plants. A brief overview of the methods of processing arsenic-containing middling products for the purpose of arsenic removal is given; the main advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The possibility of processing copper skimmings by the method of alkaline sulfide leaching with separation into arseniccontaining solution and lead-copper precipitate is studied. The results of the researches into the influence of temperature, process duration, solids content in the pulp, particle size, and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to elemental sulfur in the alkaline sulfide reagent on the process of alkaline sulfide leaching of copper skimmings af lead production are provided. Within the studied range of varied factors, the highest indexes of arsenic extraction into solution (85.04%) were achieved under the following conditions: temperature — 85 °C, duration — 4 hours, solids content in the pulp — 350 g/dm3, fraction (–0.08 mm), NaOH/S ratio = 100 g/100 g in 1 dm3 of the solution. The proposed method for processing copper skimmings will allow one to selectively isolate arsenic into the dump waste product during subsequent precipitation and separate contaminant from lead-copper cake, into which precious metals also pass. Such an approach provides the reduction of arsenic circulation between the lead and copper manufacturing facilities.","PeriodicalId":19653,"journal":{"name":"Nonferrous Metals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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