Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462177
Randy Soper, K. Bennet, Pablo Rivas, Mathana
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming endemic to everyday life and continues to promise significant positive impacts to global quality of life in many areas, but AI and empathic technology, in particular, needs a better framework for ethical and human-centered design to reach its full potential and improve both specific contextual and general societal outcomes. We developed an approach which helped the standard designers to create use cases by exercising draft standard content, tools, and frameworks to ensure their effectiveness in the real world.. A diverse set of use cases were identified across a range of criteria. We composed them into catalogues which provided, flexibility in identifying weaknesses and strengths and otherwise proving standard content as a design tool. While an essential tool in supporting rigor in the final ethical standard, use cases are only one option, and other approaches should be used in parallel as part of the verification and validation approach to create the draft standard.
{"title":"Developing Use Cases to Support an Empathic Technology Ethics Standard","authors":"Randy Soper, K. Bennet, Pablo Rivas, Mathana","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462177","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming endemic to everyday life and continues to promise significant positive impacts to global quality of life in many areas, but AI and empathic technology, in particular, needs a better framework for ethical and human-centered design to reach its full potential and improve both specific contextual and general societal outcomes. We developed an approach which helped the standard designers to create use cases by exercising draft standard content, tools, and frameworks to ensure their effectiveness in the real world.. A diverse set of use cases were identified across a range of criteria. We composed them into catalogues which provided, flexibility in identifying weaknesses and strengths and otherwise proving standard content as a design tool. While an essential tool in supporting rigor in the final ethical standard, use cases are only one option, and other approaches should be used in parallel as part of the verification and validation approach to create the draft standard.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116024165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462198
Steven A. Wright
Technology entrepreneurship has enabled the widespread commercial adoption of internet technologies. These internet technologies have reformed consumer commercial experiences towards an online environment. The pervasiveness of the online experience raises the importance of protecting the consumer in the online context. Online services are typically delivered under “Clik-Thru” terms of service developed by the service provider alone; and accepted by the consumer with a single click and little if any consideration. The successful adoption of new internet-based technologies and commercial practices has encouraged more technology entrepreneurship in a positive feedback cycle. Efforts at improved readability are insufficient to engage consumers with these “Clik-Thru” contracts. This paper argues that some efforts at increasing consumer engagement with the “Clik-Thru” terms of service may be a useful and tractable step towards improved consumer experiences. Blockchain smart contracts appear to provide promising capabilities to enable greater consumer engagement with “Clik-Thru” contracts.
{"title":"“Clik-Thru” Terms of Service: Blockchain smart contracts to improve consumer engagement?","authors":"Steven A. Wright","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462198","url":null,"abstract":"Technology entrepreneurship has enabled the widespread commercial adoption of internet technologies. These internet technologies have reformed consumer commercial experiences towards an online environment. The pervasiveness of the online experience raises the importance of protecting the consumer in the online context. Online services are typically delivered under “Clik-Thru” terms of service developed by the service provider alone; and accepted by the consumer with a single click and little if any consideration. The successful adoption of new internet-based technologies and commercial practices has encouraged more technology entrepreneurship in a positive feedback cycle. Efforts at improved readability are insufficient to engage consumers with these “Clik-Thru” contracts. This paper argues that some efforts at increasing consumer engagement with the “Clik-Thru” terms of service may be a useful and tractable step towards improved consumer experiences. Blockchain smart contracts appear to provide promising capabilities to enable greater consumer engagement with “Clik-Thru” contracts.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126746455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462213
Josh Massad
The aim of this paper is to bring to light the issues of internet connected implantable medical devices and the ecosystem around them that cause the failure of communication and ultimately the security of these devices. Private medical device companies creating internet connected devices for patients are part of what this paper is terming the ‘neoliberal IMD conveyor belt’. This paper examines IMD hacks, IMD market pressures, and implements the crime triangle into the IMD ecosystem. In addition, this paper presents the story of failure that led to the Medtronic wireless pacemaker issue that forced Homeland Security CISA to announce that 750,000 Medtronic pacemakers were susceptible to low level skill exploits.
{"title":"Cyber, Social and Communication Failures in the Implantable Medical Device Ecosystem","authors":"Josh Massad","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462213","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to bring to light the issues of internet connected implantable medical devices and the ecosystem around them that cause the failure of communication and ultimately the security of these devices. Private medical device companies creating internet connected devices for patients are part of what this paper is terming the ‘neoliberal IMD conveyor belt’. This paper examines IMD hacks, IMD market pressures, and implements the crime triangle into the IMD ecosystem. In addition, this paper presents the story of failure that led to the Medtronic wireless pacemaker issue that forced Homeland Security CISA to announce that 750,000 Medtronic pacemakers were susceptible to low level skill exploits.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121600371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462225
Farah Najar Arevalo
At the time of the writing of this paper, India is the country worldwide with more COVI19 new cases, more new deaths and the second just after the United States for total deaths. In 2020 India followed its Asian and Western peers in relying on mobile apps to operate one of the pandemics and epidemics management strategies: contact tracing. Contact tracing apps have been a widespread tool adopted by national governments across the world to aid in the COVID19 pandemic management. As these apps function by creating the trace of individuals who have been in physical contact with a person tested as positive to inform the possibility of spreading, possible misuse or secondary uses have raised concern More than situating the app in two binary points, this paper seeks to respond to the question of how the use of this app delivers public interest in India. Results show that to do this a definition of what Public Interest could mean in India should happen first and further research to assess the app in these terms can take place after.
{"title":"Decoding the Public interest of Aarogya Setu, contact tracing app for managing the COVID19 pandemic in India","authors":"Farah Najar Arevalo","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462225","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of the writing of this paper, India is the country worldwide with more COVI19 new cases, more new deaths and the second just after the United States for total deaths. In 2020 India followed its Asian and Western peers in relying on mobile apps to operate one of the pandemics and epidemics management strategies: contact tracing. Contact tracing apps have been a widespread tool adopted by national governments across the world to aid in the COVID19 pandemic management. As these apps function by creating the trace of individuals who have been in physical contact with a person tested as positive to inform the possibility of spreading, possible misuse or secondary uses have raised concern More than situating the app in two binary points, this paper seeks to respond to the question of how the use of this app delivers public interest in India. Results show that to do this a definition of what Public Interest could mean in India should happen first and further research to assess the app in these terms can take place after.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122127544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462243
Elma Hajric
This paper is a commentary on COVID-19 technological solutions, such as contact tracing apps, bringing into question the effectiveness of technosolutionism, and the sociotechnical implications resulting from such technologies. This paper argues that the abyss created from the lack of governance-led leadership in COVID-19 responses has exacerbated power asymmetries reliant upon technology sector led solutions that reflect current political dynamics and governance structures. In relation to these power asymmetries favoring technology companies, we are potentially creating opportunities for technocratic future visions to be further embedded into concepts of smart cities under the guise of public health. These visions and circumstances are dubbed as ‘imaginaries of health’ in the analyses. The analysis is primarily focusing on COVID-19 contact tracing apps and US context, but also references other countries’ findings, such as Australia and Singapore, as examples of contact tracing app's technological limitations. The conclusion of the paper incorporates an examination of sociotechnical effects, calls for the incorporation of alternative imaginaries, and includes suggestions for where these technologies may be better served with creative implementations, along with considerations for the development of further apps. This commentary serves as an examination of sociotechnical implications of technosolutionism under COVID-19 based technical solutions, such as contact tracing apps, with a predominant US-focus.
{"title":"A Commentary on Covid-19 Contact-Tracing Apps and Broader Societal Implications of Technosolutionism","authors":"Elma Hajric","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462243","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a commentary on COVID-19 technological solutions, such as contact tracing apps, bringing into question the effectiveness of technosolutionism, and the sociotechnical implications resulting from such technologies. This paper argues that the abyss created from the lack of governance-led leadership in COVID-19 responses has exacerbated power asymmetries reliant upon technology sector led solutions that reflect current political dynamics and governance structures. In relation to these power asymmetries favoring technology companies, we are potentially creating opportunities for technocratic future visions to be further embedded into concepts of smart cities under the guise of public health. These visions and circumstances are dubbed as ‘imaginaries of health’ in the analyses. The analysis is primarily focusing on COVID-19 contact tracing apps and US context, but also references other countries’ findings, such as Australia and Singapore, as examples of contact tracing app's technological limitations. The conclusion of the paper incorporates an examination of sociotechnical effects, calls for the incorporation of alternative imaginaries, and includes suggestions for where these technologies may be better served with creative implementations, along with considerations for the development of further apps. This commentary serves as an examination of sociotechnical implications of technosolutionism under COVID-19 based technical solutions, such as contact tracing apps, with a predominant US-focus.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116899283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462191
Riley Tallman
Society acts according to the public interest. Products and technologies are integrated into society based on their value in people’s lives. Nueralink is developing an EEG implant that can bring many useful features to the public. This work explores the technological feasibility of a brain implant becoming a mainstream product as accepted by the public, and presents capabilities that are possible with such a device that would benefit people’s daily lives. The paper concludes that a brain implant will likely be adopted into the mainstream in the future due to its many functional benefits like driving assistance, vision enhancements, paralysis cures, and human-computer interaction benefits.
{"title":"Public Interest: EEG Implants","authors":"Riley Tallman","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462191","url":null,"abstract":"Society acts according to the public interest. Products and technologies are integrated into society based on their value in people’s lives. Nueralink is developing an EEG implant that can bring many useful features to the public. This work explores the technological feasibility of a brain implant becoming a mainstream product as accepted by the public, and presents capabilities that are possible with such a device that would benefit people’s daily lives. The paper concludes that a brain implant will likely be adopted into the mainstream in the future due to its many functional benefits like driving assistance, vision enhancements, paralysis cures, and human-computer interaction benefits.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121399696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462239
Jason Lajoie, George Roter, Mark Abbott
This paper describes the Canada-based Engineering Change Lab’s (ECL) approach to transform engineering culture towards becoming more proactive and skillful stewards of technology. We stress the need to grow ethical thinking and social responsibility in the engineering profession, and then describe two of ECL’s recently proposed projects in collaboration with the University of Waterloo’s Council for Responsible Innovation and Technology to cultivate Technological Stewardship principles in the engineering community.
{"title":"Cultivating Technological Stewardship to Change the Culture of Engineering","authors":"Jason Lajoie, George Roter, Mark Abbott","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Canada-based Engineering Change Lab’s (ECL) approach to transform engineering culture towards becoming more proactive and skillful stewards of technology. We stress the need to grow ethical thinking and social responsibility in the engineering profession, and then describe two of ECL’s recently proposed projects in collaboration with the University of Waterloo’s Council for Responsible Innovation and Technology to cultivate Technological Stewardship principles in the engineering community.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122291193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462232
José Cepero Saravia, Cristina Dreifuss-Serrano, Pablo C. Herrera
Public Interest Technologies allow practices and learning opportunities for the sustainable improvement of living conditions. Our analysis of participatory pedagogical experiences, from the perspective of student volunteer tourism, adds elements to this emerging field of study by analyzing the steps, main opportunities, and challenges as a basis for the implementation of PIT in higher education. In six case studies, students from the Northern hemisphere reached out to vulnerable communities in Lima (Peru) through universities and local NGOs, in events ranging from welfarism to co-design and participation. Experiences of Practice Based Education promoted direct interaction with different local realities, enhancing communication, socialization and empathy, key skills in the training of a new generation of professionals that will work in the implementation of new inclusive and participatory policies in our communities. Technology becomes an ally of processes once trust has been consolidated, seeking sustainability in the public interest.
{"title":"Pedagogical participatory experiences to promote Public Interest Technology from volunteer work","authors":"José Cepero Saravia, Cristina Dreifuss-Serrano, Pablo C. Herrera","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462232","url":null,"abstract":"Public Interest Technologies allow practices and learning opportunities for the sustainable improvement of living conditions. Our analysis of participatory pedagogical experiences, from the perspective of student volunteer tourism, adds elements to this emerging field of study by analyzing the steps, main opportunities, and challenges as a basis for the implementation of PIT in higher education. In six case studies, students from the Northern hemisphere reached out to vulnerable communities in Lima (Peru) through universities and local NGOs, in events ranging from welfarism to co-design and participation. Experiences of Practice Based Education promoted direct interaction with different local realities, enhancing communication, socialization and empathy, key skills in the training of a new generation of professionals that will work in the implementation of new inclusive and participatory policies in our communities. Technology becomes an ally of processes once trust has been consolidated, seeking sustainability in the public interest.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"383 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134378294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462218
N. Maharani
This paper explores how South Korea utilizes a location-based system to monitor those in quarantine. The researcher conducted qualitative data analysis from articles and government website in regard to the implementation of “Self-Quarantine Safety Protection” mobile app. The study is organized in location-based system perspective which includes, the value chain stakeholders, the technical system, technical issues, social issues, and legal issues of the app deployment. It is recommended in the implementation of the app to obtain maximum stakeholder adoption, improve the accuracy level, and to maintain public trust and obedience.
{"title":"“Self-Quarantine Safety Protection” Mobile App in South Korea – Monitoring Those in Quarantine","authors":"N. Maharani","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462218","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how South Korea utilizes a location-based system to monitor those in quarantine. The researcher conducted qualitative data analysis from articles and government website in regard to the implementation of “Self-Quarantine Safety Protection” mobile app. The study is organized in location-based system perspective which includes, the value chain stakeholders, the technical system, technical issues, social issues, and legal issues of the app deployment. It is recommended in the implementation of the app to obtain maximum stakeholder adoption, improve the accuracy level, and to maintain public trust and obedience.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132640974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462223
W. Armstrong, Katina Michael
Brain machine interfaces (BMI) have traditionally been considered for medical prosthetics. They are now being presented as a means to “merge with the AI”. Entrepreneur Elon Musk has begun trialing his Neuralink technology on pigs, and hopes to incorporate human subjects into his clinical trials of a “breakthrough technology” before year end. Independent of the technology’s success to continue through the medical innovation process via the US Food and Drug Administration, it is time to be pondering the social implications of this novel technology. This paper points to some of the questions philosophers and practitioners alike are asking about the potential for BMI.
{"title":"The Implications of Neuralink and Brain Machine Interface Technologies","authors":"W. Armstrong, Katina Michael","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462223","url":null,"abstract":"Brain machine interfaces (BMI) have traditionally been considered for medical prosthetics. They are now being presented as a means to “merge with the AI”. Entrepreneur Elon Musk has begun trialing his Neuralink technology on pigs, and hopes to incorporate human subjects into his clinical trials of a “breakthrough technology” before year end. Independent of the technology’s success to continue through the medical innovation process via the US Food and Drug Administration, it is time to be pondering the social implications of this novel technology. This paper points to some of the questions philosophers and practitioners alike are asking about the potential for BMI.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131951032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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