Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462216
Nu Wang
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted in China’s court system to improve work efficiency to better serve the public. This paper evaluates the three stages of how AI is transforming China’s court system: from being a simple auxiliary tool, performing basic tasks through reconciliation of case and trial information; to assisting judges in decision-making by providing recommendations via the AI’s ability to learn from past precedent and standardized evidence review; and finally, to developing into autonomous agents able to take charge of the court and make judgments as robot judges. However, public skepticism around the credibility of the so-called “black box” of AI algorithms in ensuring fair judgment and achieving justice is escalating, with the concern that efficiency does not guarantee effectiveness or ensure public interest. This paper aims to analyze “black box” issues in each stage and demonstrates why China’s effort to pursue AI as an innovative technical practice to realize judicial fairness should take complex social and ethical contexts into consideration. In order to serve for public good in China’s court system, the new technology must ensure its representation of human values and include public participation.
{"title":"“Black Box Justice”: Robot Judges and AI-based Judgment Processes in China’s Court System","authors":"Nu Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462216","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted in China’s court system to improve work efficiency to better serve the public. This paper evaluates the three stages of how AI is transforming China’s court system: from being a simple auxiliary tool, performing basic tasks through reconciliation of case and trial information; to assisting judges in decision-making by providing recommendations via the AI’s ability to learn from past precedent and standardized evidence review; and finally, to developing into autonomous agents able to take charge of the court and make judgments as robot judges. However, public skepticism around the credibility of the so-called “black box” of AI algorithms in ensuring fair judgment and achieving justice is escalating, with the concern that efficiency does not guarantee effectiveness or ensure public interest. This paper aims to analyze “black box” issues in each stage and demonstrates why China’s effort to pursue AI as an innovative technical practice to realize judicial fairness should take complex social and ethical contexts into consideration. In order to serve for public good in China’s court system, the new technology must ensure its representation of human values and include public participation.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131605770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462167
Pablo Rivas
This paper introduces the term AI Orthopraxy as the correct practice of AI and a framework that aims to unify some aspects associated with AI ethics. These include standards, legal, and measures of fairness. We draw from existing tools that have been peer-reviewed by academics and discussed in recent literature to provide a mechanism for assessing the level by which a model or AI technology follows the correct practices of ethical AI. This paper describes a preliminary, ongoing, study and shows the early stages of a prototype framework, including a visual representation of the level of AI Orthopraxy of a model using hive plots. This work can potentially help create fair and trustworthy AI built upon the core tenets of accountability, transparency, and fairness. One of the current limitations is that it requires validation of peers that are willing, able, and trained to evaluate an AI model or technology using standards and other novel frameworks.
{"title":"AI Orthopraxy: Towards a Framework for That Promotes Fairness","authors":"Pablo Rivas","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462167","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the term AI Orthopraxy as the correct practice of AI and a framework that aims to unify some aspects associated with AI ethics. These include standards, legal, and measures of fairness. We draw from existing tools that have been peer-reviewed by academics and discussed in recent literature to provide a mechanism for assessing the level by which a model or AI technology follows the correct practices of ethical AI. This paper describes a preliminary, ongoing, study and shows the early stages of a prototype framework, including a visual representation of the level of AI Orthopraxy of a model using hive plots. This work can potentially help create fair and trustworthy AI built upon the core tenets of accountability, transparency, and fairness. One of the current limitations is that it requires validation of peers that are willing, able, and trained to evaluate an AI model or technology using standards and other novel frameworks.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462196
Parth Khopkar
Drone swarms have been utilized for various tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While most of these drones were controlled by human operators, research related to control algorithms of drone swarms has shown that autonomously controlled drones outperform human operators in a variety of tasks. This paper lays the foundation of a framework that utilizes flexible autonomy in control of drones during pandemic missions to boost performance efficiency. It also outlines the factors that need to be considered when designing mixed-initiative systems for switching between autonomous and human control during a mission. Flexible autonomy ensures that humans who understand the social dimensions of the pandemic are present in the control loop.
{"title":"Mixed-Initiative Flexible Autonomy in Drone Swarms for COVID-19 Applications","authors":"Parth Khopkar","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462196","url":null,"abstract":"Drone swarms have been utilized for various tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While most of these drones were controlled by human operators, research related to control algorithms of drone swarms has shown that autonomously controlled drones outperform human operators in a variety of tasks. This paper lays the foundation of a framework that utilizes flexible autonomy in control of drones during pandemic missions to boost performance efficiency. It also outlines the factors that need to be considered when designing mixed-initiative systems for switching between autonomous and human control during a mission. Flexible autonomy ensures that humans who understand the social dimensions of the pandemic are present in the control loop.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120986236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/istas50296.2020.9462178
{"title":"[Front matter]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/istas50296.2020.9462178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas50296.2020.9462178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114664587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462224
Yatiraj Shetty
The current pandemic has demonstrated a lot of weak links in the social and economic fabric of the society. Addressing these issues is paramount to enable any successful discussion of smart city technologies. The health inequity and accompanying problems faced by the disabled community during the pandemic underlined that our current systems are not built for resiliency. it is important for us to understand what has been done towards solving this complex problem and where we could further allocate our resources to tackle this issue. It is important for us to understand what has been done towards solving this complex problem and where we could further allocate our resources to tackle this issue.
{"title":"Towards Engineering Inclusiveness For The Disabled Community Into Smart City Response During COVID-19","authors":"Yatiraj Shetty","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462224","url":null,"abstract":"The current pandemic has demonstrated a lot of weak links in the social and economic fabric of the society. Addressing these issues is paramount to enable any successful discussion of smart city technologies. The health inequity and accompanying problems faced by the disabled community during the pandemic underlined that our current systems are not built for resiliency. it is important for us to understand what has been done towards solving this complex problem and where we could further allocate our resources to tackle this issue. It is important for us to understand what has been done towards solving this complex problem and where we could further allocate our resources to tackle this issue.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131247116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462199
Maria Jihan G. Sangil
This paper explores how open government data can be used to influence suppliers and contractors to participate in public bidding, by minimizing cost of information acquisition that influence bidding decision and strategy. The researcher conducted data scraping, pre-processing, and exploratory techniques on official procurement data of nineteen (19) Local Government Units (LGUs) in Albay, Philippines, and triangulated results with local government actors, contractors and businessmen from Albay Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The study showed that existing procurement data mandated by the Philippine procurement law to be released can answer 4 out of 6 key information requirements of bidders, thereby increasing overall bidding confidence. As an additional finding, data exploration revealed that procurement deadlines are not followed as prescribed by the Philippine procurement law.
{"title":"Exploratory Data Analysis of Government Procurement Data to Influence Bidding Decision and Strategy in Albay, Philippines","authors":"Maria Jihan G. Sangil","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462199","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores how open government data can be used to influence suppliers and contractors to participate in public bidding, by minimizing cost of information acquisition that influence bidding decision and strategy. The researcher conducted data scraping, pre-processing, and exploratory techniques on official procurement data of nineteen (19) Local Government Units (LGUs) in Albay, Philippines, and triangulated results with local government actors, contractors and businessmen from Albay Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The study showed that existing procurement data mandated by the Philippine procurement law to be released can answer 4 out of 6 key information requirements of bidders, thereby increasing overall bidding confidence. As an additional finding, data exploration revealed that procurement deadlines are not followed as prescribed by the Philippine procurement law.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129682986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462187
Ning Wang
With the rise of the “humanitarian drone” in recent years, drones have become one of the most controversial public interest technologies that have gained increasing media attention. It is worth noting that, although there is a perception in the aid sector that drones hold the promise to reinvent the health supply logistics, to date, routine drone delivery is still relatively new and largely unproven. This paper presents a recent field study conducted in 2019, where drones were deployed in Malawi to help address the last mile challenge in medical supply delivery, and where a noticeable mentality of “killing two birds with one stone” around the attempt of using drones in resource-poor settings is observed. The objective of the paper is to shed light, through a real-world case study and from the ethical perspective, on the impacts of implementing such a systemic change in the existing health supply chain systems. As conclusion, a call for more reflexive approaches for the critical examination, as well as more structured guidance for the responsible evaluation, of medical cargo drones is raised.
{"title":"“Killing Two Birds with One Stone”? A Case Study of Development Use of Drones","authors":"Ning Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462187","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of the “humanitarian drone” in recent years, drones have become one of the most controversial public interest technologies that have gained increasing media attention. It is worth noting that, although there is a perception in the aid sector that drones hold the promise to reinvent the health supply logistics, to date, routine drone delivery is still relatively new and largely unproven. This paper presents a recent field study conducted in 2019, where drones were deployed in Malawi to help address the last mile challenge in medical supply delivery, and where a noticeable mentality of “killing two birds with one stone” around the attempt of using drones in resource-poor settings is observed. The objective of the paper is to shed light, through a real-world case study and from the ethical perspective, on the impacts of implementing such a systemic change in the existing health supply chain systems. As conclusion, a call for more reflexive approaches for the critical examination, as well as more structured guidance for the responsible evaluation, of medical cargo drones is raised.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130054812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462222
Rishabh Reddy, Rishabh Singh, Vidhi Kapoor, Prathamesh P. Churi
“It is not technology but people’s mindset that makes the world a scary place to live in.” India is one of the top 3 countries to report cyberbullying cases. One in 10 Indian adolescents faces cyberbullying, half of them don’t even report it. Cyberbullying is one of the issues that are so common in India. There are so many social issues that are not openly discussed. With such increasing issues, it is very essential to address them. Technology affects us in all possible ways today. It is technological solutions that can help us fight such issues. This paper discusses - Social Conclave, a national social conference that discusses these pressing issues and comes up with solutions that are then implemented. Social Conclave is the social conference of NMIMS’ School of Technology Management and Engineering. Social Conclave aims at discussing the pressing issues that are prevalent in India to come up with a solution that is the betterment of society. Delegates from all over the country meet up to discuss these different social issues. They are taken to various field visits to experience and see what India is dealing with. The debate among themselves to come up with the most sustainable solution for a particular issue. The solution given by the delegates is then implemented on the ground level by the students. This paper shares the idea and the experience of the conference.
{"title":"Cyberbullying and Indian Society: Outcomes from Social Conclave Conference","authors":"Rishabh Reddy, Rishabh Singh, Vidhi Kapoor, Prathamesh P. Churi","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462222","url":null,"abstract":"“It is not technology but people’s mindset that makes the world a scary place to live in.” India is one of the top 3 countries to report cyberbullying cases. One in 10 Indian adolescents faces cyberbullying, half of them don’t even report it. Cyberbullying is one of the issues that are so common in India. There are so many social issues that are not openly discussed. With such increasing issues, it is very essential to address them. Technology affects us in all possible ways today. It is technological solutions that can help us fight such issues. This paper discusses - Social Conclave, a national social conference that discusses these pressing issues and comes up with solutions that are then implemented. Social Conclave is the social conference of NMIMS’ School of Technology Management and Engineering. Social Conclave aims at discussing the pressing issues that are prevalent in India to come up with a solution that is the betterment of society. Delegates from all over the country meet up to discuss these different social issues. They are taken to various field visits to experience and see what India is dealing with. The debate among themselves to come up with the most sustainable solution for a particular issue. The solution given by the delegates is then implemented on the ground level by the students. This paper shares the idea and the experience of the conference.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124937464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462228
Isabel Laurenceau, Jessica N. Jones, Dekita Moon, Michelle Emamdie, J. Gilbert
This paper aims to contribute to the literature by presenting a user-centered design research methodology for the design of police-community tools and by introducing the Virtual Traffic Stop mobile system. Though traffic stops may be an irregular occurrence to the everyday driver, when the driving population is looked at as a whole, they are, in fact, a frequent affair. Traffic stops make up the most common type of contact civilians have with the police. In recent years, media footage of traffic stops has shown how dangerous these encounters can be. Researchers conducted unstructured group interviews and participated in ride-along drives with local law enforcement officials. From this method, four user requirements are presented to the community at large: the system does not impair the safety of officers, the system allows for community engagement, the system should serve as a de-escalation tool, and the system should be cost-effective and easily adaptable for agencies and citizens alike.
{"title":"Virtual Traffic Stop","authors":"Isabel Laurenceau, Jessica N. Jones, Dekita Moon, Michelle Emamdie, J. Gilbert","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to contribute to the literature by presenting a user-centered design research methodology for the design of police-community tools and by introducing the Virtual Traffic Stop mobile system. Though traffic stops may be an irregular occurrence to the everyday driver, when the driving population is looked at as a whole, they are, in fact, a frequent affair. Traffic stops make up the most common type of contact civilians have with the police. In recent years, media footage of traffic stops has shown how dangerous these encounters can be. Researchers conducted unstructured group interviews and participated in ride-along drives with local law enforcement officials. From this method, four user requirements are presented to the community at large: the system does not impair the safety of officers, the system allows for community engagement, the system should serve as a de-escalation tool, and the system should be cost-effective and easily adaptable for agencies and citizens alike.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462205
J. Schoenherr
Surveillance technologies have come to occupy a central position in human affairs, whether in terms of CCT cameras, smart homes, or network security technologies. Due to function creep and the relative invisibility of these technologies, individuals and societies continue to grapple with the potential trade-offs between security, convenience, and privacy. The attitudes toward surveillance technologies appear to differ significantly between groups and societies. Following a review of surveillance technologies and the ethical issues associated with them, the present study suggests that a number of social-cognitive factors (e.g., group size, social identity, relational models, and conformity bias) likely affect the acceptance and adoption of surveillance technologies within a group.
{"title":"Understanding Surveillance Societies: Social Cognition and the Adoption of Surveillance Technologies","authors":"J. Schoenherr","doi":"10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462205","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance technologies have come to occupy a central position in human affairs, whether in terms of CCT cameras, smart homes, or network security technologies. Due to function creep and the relative invisibility of these technologies, individuals and societies continue to grapple with the potential trade-offs between security, convenience, and privacy. The attitudes toward surveillance technologies appear to differ significantly between groups and societies. Following a review of surveillance technologies and the ethical issues associated with them, the present study suggests that a number of social-cognitive factors (e.g., group size, social identity, relational models, and conformity bias) likely affect the acceptance and adoption of surveillance technologies within a group.","PeriodicalId":196560,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115098309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：