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2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)最新文献

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When AI Gossips 当人工智能八卦时
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462207
A. Ferraro
The concept of AI Gossip is presented. It is analogous to the traditional understanding of a pernicious human failing. It is made more egregious by the technology of AI, internet, current privacy policies, and practices. The recognition by the technological community of its complacency is critical to realizing its damaging influence on human rights. A current example from the medical field is provided to facilitate the discussion and illustrate the seriousness of AI Gossip. Further study and model development is encouraged to support and facilitate the need to develop standards to address the implications and consequences to human rights and dignity.
提出了人工智能八卦的概念。这类似于传统上对人类缺点的理解。人工智能技术、互联网、当前的隐私政策和做法使这种情况变得更加严重。科技界认识到其自满是实现其对人权的破坏性影响的关键。为了方便讨论并说明AI Gossip的严重性,本文提供了一个来自医学领域的当前例子。鼓励进一步的研究和模式开发,以支持和促进制定标准的需要,以处理对人权和尊严的影响和后果。
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引用次数: 0
Towards an Open Web of Things 迈向开放的物联网
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462240
Bart Moons, J. Hoebeke
Sensors of governments, companies and citizens have been adding a lot of data in recent years to the global datasphere. Yet the vast majority of this data does not belong to its rightful owner causing privacy issues and keeping potential of the data untapped. Local authorities mainly use this data to improve monitoring of the city and to perform their daily tasks more efficiently and - often due to a lack of resources - not to develop new, innovative applications. In addition, sensor data from consumer products often does not belong to the users and remains trapped within walls of platforms. These factors cause an imbalance in online data possession and generated data remaining largely unused. However, by connecting technologies that are available today, sensor data can end up with the rightful owner. Additionally, the data can be linked and shared, which might distribute the opportunities better, so anyone can build novel applications or gain insight. If local authorities adopt the same approach, they can become more transparent and create more awareness into what is happening in their citizens’ living environment. Also, innovative solutions, build on the basis of this data, can respond to the (local) needs of people. This opinion article tries to shed light on the possibilities and challenges of an open Web of Things.
近年来,政府、公司和公民的传感器一直在向全球数据领域添加大量数据。然而,这些数据中的绝大多数并不属于其合法所有者,从而导致隐私问题,并使数据的潜力未被开发。地方当局主要使用这些数据来改善对城市的监测,并更有效地执行日常任务,而不是开发新的创新应用程序(通常是由于缺乏资源)。此外,来自消费产品的传感器数据往往不属于用户,而是被困在平台的围墙内。这些因素导致在线数据占有不平衡,生成的数据大部分未被使用。然而,通过连接当今可用的技术,传感器数据最终可以归合法所有者所有。此外,数据可以链接和共享,这可能会更好地分配机会,因此任何人都可以构建新的应用程序或获得洞察力。如果地方当局采取同样的方法,他们可以变得更加透明,并让更多的人意识到他们的居民生活环境中正在发生的事情。此外,基于这些数据建立的创新解决方案可以响应人们(当地)的需求。这篇观点文章试图阐明开放物联网的可能性和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Smart Flood Management in the Ancient Blue-Green Infrastructure 智慧洪水管理在古代蓝绿基础设施中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462209
Marzieh Rezaei Ghaleh, Maryam Rezaei Ghaleh
Regarding the current circumstances, climate change and environmental problems affect most countries globally, some more than others. Adapting to climate change impacts is not only an issue of the future cities but a worrying situation of the present. For most local governments of water sensitive cities in the Middle East, adapting to extreme weather events and mitigating climate change are important issues. Moreover, ancient cities in the Middle East, like Qazvin, are outstanding samples of flood adaptation and mitigation that are still in use. This paper demonstrates how well the ancient blue-green infrastructure in Qazvin provides a base for taking advantage of floods and how the system can adapt to future climate change. Therefore, the results present how ancient blue-green infrastructure can manage flash floods and how they can be seen as a context for smart flood management. During flash floods, the blue-green infrastructure collects floodwater as well as distribute it at the same time. Thus, the system not only can mitigate the adverse effects of seasonal floods but also adapt to climate change through drought conditions. The blue-green infrastructure in Qazvin is an excellent example of ancient science implemented to mitigate climate change. The research method is evidence-based and case-specific. This paper presents a practical integrated solution as a base for smart water management. Exploring ancient science and implementing our ancestors’ ideas and techniques can pave our way toward future smart and sustainable cities and give us more effective solutions to smart flood management.
当前形势下,气候变化和环境问题对全球大多数国家都有影响。适应气候变化的影响不仅是未来城市的问题,也是当前令人担忧的情况。对于中东大多数水敏感城市的地方政府来说,适应极端天气事件和减缓气候变化是重要的问题。此外,像加兹温这样的中东古城是适应和缓解洪水的杰出范例,至今仍在使用。本文展示了加兹温古老的蓝绿色基础设施如何为利用洪水提供基础,以及该系统如何适应未来的气候变化。因此,研究结果展示了古老的蓝绿色基础设施如何管理山洪暴发,以及它们如何被视为智能洪水管理的背景。在山洪暴发期间,蓝绿色的基础设施在收集洪水的同时也将其分配出去。因此,该系统不仅可以减轻季节性洪水的不利影响,还可以通过干旱条件适应气候变化。卡兹温的蓝绿色基础设施是古代科学应用于减缓气候变化的一个很好的例子。研究方法是基于证据和个案的。本文提出了一种实用的综合解决方案,作为智能水管理的基础。探索古老的科学,实践我们祖先的思想和技术,可以为未来的智慧和可持续城市铺平道路,并为智慧洪水管理提供更有效的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Historical and Ideological Chasm between Engineering and Development 工程与发展之间的历史和思想鸿沟
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462230
E. Stribling
Societal well-being is increasingly impacted by the social implications of new technologies, which are beyond the expertise of the global development scholars who study and craft regulations around them. The common solution of including engineers in the policymaking process is not enough to bridge these two knowledge fields due to their conflicting historical developments and resulting epistemologies. Global development originates from rebuilding Europe after WWII and “modernizing” the recently independent countries of the Global South. After incorporating critiques, development studies have shifted away from engineering, they are largely subjective in orientation, and they focus on poverty alleviation and social inclusion. Engineering has origins in military and business operations. Heavily scientific in orientation, it tends to exclude social metrics in the design process. Transdisciplinary concepts and emergent disciplines, such as humanitarian engineering and ICT4D, offer a way forward where scholars from disparate disciplines cross over to fully appreciate the unique contributions that the other side can offer.
社会福祉越来越受到新技术的社会影响,这超出了研究和制定相关法规的全球发展学者的专业知识范围。将工程师纳入决策过程的常见解决方案不足以弥合这两个知识领域,因为它们相互冲突的历史发展和由此产生的认识论。全球发展源于二战后欧洲的重建和最近独立的全球南方国家的“现代化”。在纳入批评意见后,发展研究已经从工程学转向了很大程度上的主观性,它们的重点是减轻贫困和社会包容。工程学起源于军事和商业运作。它倾向于在设计过程中排除社交参数。跨学科概念和新兴学科,如人道主义工程和ICT4D,为来自不同学科的学者提供了一条前进的道路,使他们能够充分认识到对方可以提供的独特贡献。
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引用次数: 1
A digital “Yellow Card” for securely recording vaccinations using Community PKI certificates 数码“黄卡”,使用社区PKI证书安全地记录疫苗接种
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462214
Stephen Wilson
The Yellow Card or carte jaune is a paper booklet in a standard format set by the World Health Organisation in which a person’s vaccinations are recorded by healthcare officials. Numerous initiatives are striving to create both digital vaccination records and new digital identities for people with little or no official documentation; i.e. “low doc” persons. Yet there is no globally agreed model for identity, nor any standardized way to establish identity. Nevertheless, field workers today are able by and large to establish the bona fides of Yellow Card holders with adequate certainty for the paper-based system to function most of the time. This paper contends that vaccinations should be digitized without introducing new identity systems, since a lack of formal identification is obviously not preventing Yellow Cards today. This paper describes a new digital Yellow Card, deployable on most regular mobile phones, in which public key certificates represent vaccinations and other credentials, vouched for by officials or field workers. The design has practical benefits for the digital engagement and privacy of low doc persons. It also shows how traditionally hierarchical public key infrastructure can be deployed without dictating identification protocols to communities, thus avoiding some of the controversies that plague this technology. The PKI security function can remain centralized while certificate issuance is decentralized, which leaves community organizations free to carry on their business as usual.
黄卡(carte jaune)是世界卫生组织(World Health organization)制定的标准格式的纸质小册子,由卫生官员记录个人接种疫苗的情况。许多举措正在努力为很少或没有官方文件的人创建数字疫苗接种记录和新的数字身份;即“低doc”人。然而,目前还没有全球公认的身份模式,也没有建立身份的标准化方法。尽管如此,今天的现场工作人员基本上能够确定黄卡持有人的真实身份,并有足够的确定性,使以纸张为基础的系统在大多数情况下发挥作用。这篇论文认为,疫苗接种应该数字化,而不引入新的身份系统,因为缺乏正式的身份证明显然不能防止今天的黄牌。本文描述了一种新的数字黄卡,可在大多数普通移动电话上部署,其中公钥证书代表疫苗接种和其他凭证,由官员或现场工作人员担保。该设计对于低文档人员的数字参与和隐私具有实际的好处。它还展示了如何在不向社区规定识别协议的情况下部署传统的分层公钥基础设施,从而避免了困扰该技术的一些争议。PKI安全功能可以保持集中,而证书颁发是分散的,这使得社区组织可以像往常一样自由地开展业务。
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引用次数: 1
Robots, Ethics, and Pandemics: How Might a Global Problem Change the Technology’s Adoption? 机器人、伦理和流行病:一个全球性问题如何改变技术的采用?
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462229
Yvette E. Pearson, J. Borenstein
Using the COVID-19 pandemic to frame the discussion, this paper explores the potential ethical impacts of a greater reliance on robots during a public health emergency. Through an examination of various uses of different kinds of robots across the prevention, response, and recovery phases of the pandemic, this paper considers ethical pitfalls as well as the possible benefits of expanded deployment and use of robots to facilitate human management of public health emergencies. Alongside consideration of pandemic-related uses of robots, this paper also explores ethical concerns related to their use in public health practice and health care beyond the context of a public health emergency.
本文以COVID-19大流行为框架,探讨了在突发公共卫生事件中更多依赖机器人的潜在伦理影响。通过对大流行的预防、应对和恢复阶段不同类型机器人的各种用途的检查,本文考虑了伦理陷阱以及扩大部署和使用机器人以促进人类管理突发公共卫生事件的可能好处。除了考虑与大流行相关的机器人用途外,本文还探讨了与公共卫生实践和公共卫生紧急情况之外的卫生保健相关的伦理问题。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the Poverty Incidence in Bali and Its Determinants using GIS 利用GIS绘制巴厘岛的贫困发生率及其决定因素
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462180
N. Maharani
In this report, poverty incidence causes in Bali, Indonesia is analyzed, and the visualization of the poverty data and its determinants are generated. Regression slope test is used to determine whether the chosen independent variables as potential poverty determinants has a statistically significant association with the poverty incidence in which is executed in R software. The correlation coefficient of each potential poverty determinant with the poverty incidence also calculated using R software to see the direction of the association (positive or negative). QGIS software is used to visualize the data into a map. This will enable the easy understanding of the data and to detect pattern or trends of the data easily. From the regression slope test, it is found that human development index, average duration of attending school, university enrolment ratio, literacy rate, GRDP and number of hotels have significant association with the poverty incidence at 5% significant level. The thematic maps of poor people percentage by regency/municipality and the significantly associated variables are generated as the visualization of data by using QGIS software in which the join between the map data (base map) and the tabular data is conducted. Spatial vector layers such as points and lines are also analyzed in relation with poverty incidence. The satellite image of Bali is also presented to see the general overview of Bali island from the above. In conclusion, poverty reduction strategies can be enhanced by also focusing on the significantly associated variables/factors and the visualization of poverty related data is useful to easily discover the pattern or trends of the data.
在本报告中,分析了印度尼西亚巴厘岛的贫困发生率原因,并生成了贫困数据及其决定因素的可视化。使用回归斜率检验来确定所选择的作为潜在贫困决定因素的自变量是否与贫困发生率有统计学显著的关联,并在R软件中执行。使用R软件计算每个潜在贫困决定因素与贫困发生率的相关系数,以查看关联的方向(正或负)。QGIS软件用于将数据可视化成地图。这将使数据易于理解,并易于检测数据的模式或趋势。通过回归斜率检验发现,人的发展指数、平均上学时间、大学入学率、识字率、GRDP和酒店数量与贫困发生率在5%显著水平上显著相关。利用QGIS软件将地图数据(底图)与表格数据进行联接,生成各县/市贫困人口百分比专题地图及显著相关变量作为数据可视化。还分析了点和线等空间向量层与贫困发生率的关系。还提供了巴厘岛的卫星图像,从上面可以看到巴厘岛的总体概况。总之,减贫战略也可以通过关注显著相关的变量/因素而得到加强,与贫困有关的数据的可视化有助于容易地发现数据的模式或趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Algorithms that Empower? Platformization in U.S. Intelligence Analysis 赋予权力的算法?美国情报分析中的平台化
Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9555838
Matthew Schmidt, K. Vogel
This paper discusses a computational architecture called the Analytic Component System (ACS), which aims to provide intelligence analysts with a service-oriented computational platform. This platform is designed to empower intelligence analysts by improving the integration of people, algorithms, software, tools, and manual work in the production of time-pressured intelligence assessments. Combining the perspectives of the ACS computer science design team and an embedded social scientist, this paper will use ACS to discuss the “platformization” of intelligence analysis and what this means for how we might think about and plan for reflexive design in future computational intelligence analytic systems.
本文讨论了一种称为分析组件系统(ACS)的计算体系结构,它旨在为智能分析人员提供一个面向服务的计算平台。该平台旨在通过改进人员、算法、软件、工具和手工工作在时间紧迫的情报评估生产中的集成来增强情报分析人员的能力。结合ACS计算机科学设计团队和嵌入式社会科学家的观点,本文将使用ACS来讨论智能分析的“平台化”,以及这对我们如何思考和规划未来计算智能分析系统中的自反性设计意味着什么。
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引用次数: 2
Access Denied 拒绝访问
Pub Date : 1995-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS50296.2020.9462190
Diana Madril
Artificial intelligence (AI) and biometric technology, some would argue as innovative and responsible, yet over time other researchers have seen the less inclusive environment these technologies create. Additionally, the gaps in these predictive technology systems may deny access to some individuals and, in some cases, deem the technology as a truth-telling mechanism even when proper identification is presented. This paper highlights a literature review and discussion around the ways we may responsibly innovate. Responsible innovation, anticipatory governance, and policy decision making can shape innovative practices' fabrication molded for an inclusive environment. The paper also bridges a collective discussion of researchers who argue the harmful impacts within these innovative technology systems that guide our social environments. Oftentimes, we assume the systems innovated, such as AI and biometric technology, provide a path for control and safety. Yet, we need to reconsider the undesirable impact and discover new ways to create inclusive technology that does not wrongfully deny access to some citizens. The governance of technology may be a path for responsibly structuring for the public's interest. These innovative systems are theoretically set for shaping our future, yet some researchers argue these technology systems contain archaic social system practices.
人工智能(AI)和生物识别技术,有些人认为是创新和负责任的,但随着时间的推移,其他研究人员看到了这些技术创造的不那么包容的环境。此外,这些预测技术系统的漏洞可能会拒绝某些个人的访问,并且在某些情况下,即使提供了适当的身份识别,也会将该技术视为一种讲真话的机制。本文重点介绍了文献综述和围绕我们可能负责任的创新方式的讨论。负责任的创新、前瞻性的治理和政策决策可以塑造为包容性环境而塑造的创新实践。这篇论文还连接了研究人员的集体讨论,他们认为这些引导我们社会环境的创新技术系统会产生有害影响。通常,我们认为创新的系统,如人工智能和生物识别技术,提供了控制和安全的途径。然而,我们需要重新考虑不良影响,并找到创造包容性技术的新方法,而不是错误地拒绝某些公民访问。技术治理可能是一条以负责任的方式构建公众利益的道路。从理论上讲,这些创新系统将塑造我们的未来,但一些研究人员认为,这些技术系统包含了古老的社会系统实践。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)
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