C. Piérard‐franchimont, T. Hermanns‐Lê, G. Piérard
Skin capacitance mapping is a real-time non-invasive method useful in the assessment of eccrine gland activity. We presently revisit and explore the sweat gland production in pregnant women. Sprouts of sweat vapour are progressively increased during pregnancy by recruiting increasing numbers of active sweat pores. An overall moisturization of the stratum corneum ensues in absence of increased liquid sweat production. These aspects are conveniently assessed using skin capacitance mapping. The sweat duct opening could represent an increased way for percutaneous penetration of some xenobiotics during pregnancy.
{"title":"Skin Capacitance Mapping of Eccrine Sweat Gland Activity during Pregnancy","authors":"C. Piérard‐franchimont, T. Hermanns‐Lê, G. Piérard","doi":"10.11131/2016/101187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101187","url":null,"abstract":"Skin capacitance mapping is a real-time non-invasive method useful in the assessment of eccrine gland activity. We presently revisit and explore the sweat gland production in pregnant women. Sprouts of sweat vapour are progressively increased during pregnancy by recruiting increasing numbers of active sweat pores. An overall moisturization of the stratum corneum ensues in absence of increased liquid sweat production. These aspects are conveniently assessed using skin capacitance mapping. The sweat duct opening could represent an increased way for percutaneous penetration of some xenobiotics during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83619491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many causes of plantar ulceration, which is a painful sore that occurs in the plantar tissue, common in cases of diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, obesity, and even high cholesterol. By way of perspective, approximately 15% of over 29.1 million diabetics in the U.S. will develop foot ulceration [1] and [2]. These causes could be diagnosed using multiple methods with reasonable accuracy; however, ulcers will still occur due to trauma to the plantar tissue. Measurement of the pressures within the plantar tissue has been suggested to be a suitable surrogate to the measurement of trauma; thus, many methods have been developed to measure the pressures and stresses in the plantar tissue. These methods – which include pressure mats, force platforms combined with fluoroscopy or footprint analysis as well as finite element modeling – describe the pressures and stresses that occur within the foot; however, they are limited in their analysis. The limitations include analysis of only the stance phase of gait, measurement of compression stress, and analysis of only healthy individuals. Further studies will be needed to meet the goal of measuring stress within plantar tissues from compression and shear forces during all phases of gait, and using the results to diagnose plantar ulcerations.
{"title":"Review of Foot Plantar Pressure—Focus on the Development of Foot Ulcerations","authors":"Jessica DeBerardinis, M. Trabia, J. Dufek","doi":"10.11131/2016/101158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101158","url":null,"abstract":"There are many causes of plantar ulceration, which is a painful sore that occurs in the plantar tissue, common in cases of diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, obesity, and even high cholesterol. By way of perspective, approximately 15% of over 29.1 million diabetics in the U.S. will develop foot ulceration [1] and [2]. These causes could be diagnosed using multiple methods with reasonable accuracy; however, ulcers will still occur due to trauma to the plantar tissue. Measurement of the pressures within the plantar tissue has been suggested to be a suitable surrogate to the measurement of trauma; thus, many methods have been developed to measure the pressures and stresses in the plantar tissue. These methods – which include pressure mats, force platforms combined with fluoroscopy or footprint analysis as well as finite element modeling – describe the pressures and stresses that occur within the foot; however, they are limited in their analysis. The limitations include analysis of only the stance phase of gait, measurement of compression stress, and analysis of only healthy individuals. Further studies will be needed to meet the goal of measuring stress within plantar tissues from compression and shear forces during all phases of gait, and using the results to diagnose plantar ulcerations.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77116486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor, Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz, Cheong Siew Man, R. Ambak, M. Omar
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Down Syndrome (DS) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) are the most common disabilities among children. Nutritional status assessment is important as these children are at risk of underweight, overweight or obesity. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to identify evidence on the prevalence of nutritional status of children with DS, CP and ASD, and to determine tools and indicators to measure the nutritional status of these children. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using a framework suggested by Arksey and O'Maley. A comprehensive search was performed to identify published and unpublished works, reviews, grey literature and reports. Inclusion criteria for the search were articles in English published from 1990 to 2014 and related to children with ASD, DS and CP. Titles, abstract, and keywords for eligibility were examined independently by the researchers. Results: A total of 305,268 titles were extracted from electronic databases and other resources. Based on the inclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected for review. The prevalence of overweight or obese children with DS ranged from 33.5% to 43.5%. The prevalence of underweight children with CP was 22.2% to 78.2%. Children with ASD at a younger age were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with normal developing children. The common nutritional indicators used were z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index-for-age, and head circumference-for-age. Conclusions: Overall, there is emerging evidence on the nutritional status of children with ASD, DS and CP although this is still very limited in developing countries including Malaysia. The evidence shows that children with CP were at risk of being underweight, while children with DS and ASD were at risk of being overweight or obese.
{"title":"Nutritional Status of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders,Cerebral Palsy and Down Syndrome: A Scoping Review","authors":"Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor, Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz, Cheong Siew Man, R. Ambak, M. Omar","doi":"10.11131/2015/101174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101174","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Down Syndrome (DS) and Cerebral Palsy (CP) are the most common disabilities among children. Nutritional status assessment is important as these children are at risk of underweight, overweight or obesity. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to identify evidence on the prevalence of nutritional status of children with DS, CP and ASD, and to determine tools and indicators to measure the nutritional status of these children. Methods: This scoping review was conducted using a framework suggested by Arksey and O'Maley. A comprehensive search was performed to identify published and unpublished works, reviews, grey literature and reports. Inclusion criteria for the search were articles in English published from 1990 to 2014 and related to children with ASD, DS and CP. Titles, abstract, and keywords for eligibility were examined independently by the researchers. Results: A total of 305,268 titles were extracted from electronic databases and other resources. Based on the inclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected for review. The prevalence of overweight or obese children with DS ranged from 33.5% to 43.5%. The prevalence of underweight children with CP was 22.2% to 78.2%. Children with ASD at a younger age were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with normal developing children. The common nutritional indicators used were z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, body mass index-for-age, and head circumference-for-age. Conclusions: Overall, there is emerging evidence on the nutritional status of children with ASD, DS and CP although this is still very limited in developing countries including Malaysia. The evidence shows that children with CP were at risk of being underweight, while children with DS and ASD were at risk of being overweight or obese.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81645886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iodinated radiographic contrast agents (IRCA) are pharmaceuticals commonly used for improving the visibility of internal organs and structures in X-ray based imaging techniques such as radiography, angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans, and for performing cardiac catheterizations and percutaneous coronary interventions. Like all other pharmaceuticals, however, these agents are not completely devoid of risk. The main risk is their nephrotoxicity. Following the description of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) and its pathogenesis, the conditions favoring the development of CIN are discussed in depth. The main predisposing condition is a pre-existing renal impairment, particularly when associated with diabetes mellitus. Then, measures to prevent CIN are suggested. The important rules in CIN prevention are: monitoring renal function, discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, use of either iodixanol or iopamidol at the lowest dosage possible. Above all, the main procedure for prevention of CIN is an adequate hydration of the patient with either isotonic sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate solutions.
{"title":"The Renal Problems in X-Ray Based Imaging Techniques Using lodinated Radiographic Contrast Agents","authors":"M. Andreucci, T. Faga, Ashour Michael","doi":"10.11131/2015/101145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101145","url":null,"abstract":"Iodinated radiographic contrast agents (IRCA) are pharmaceuticals commonly used for improving the visibility of internal organs and structures in X-ray based imaging techniques such as radiography, angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans, and for performing cardiac catheterizations and percutaneous coronary interventions. Like all other pharmaceuticals, however, these agents are not completely devoid of risk. The main risk is their nephrotoxicity. Following the description of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) and its pathogenesis, the conditions favoring the development of CIN are discussed in depth. The main predisposing condition is a pre-existing renal impairment, particularly when associated with diabetes mellitus. Then, measures to prevent CIN are suggested. The important rules in CIN prevention are: monitoring renal function, discontinuation of potentially nephrotoxic drugs, use of either iodixanol or iopamidol at the lowest dosage possible. Above all, the main procedure for prevention of CIN is an adequate hydration of the patient with either isotonic sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate solutions.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74565697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mild Induced hypothermia has come to be recognised as a successful method of providing neuro-protective treatment for patients suffering ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Anti-inflammatory responses and the lowering of cerebral metabolic rates, leading to a reduction in neuronal apoptosis, are considered to be the main mechanisms by which this process benefits patients. Assessment of a new hydro based cooling device, which could potentially be used by emergency service units, provided the impetus for the current research. Neurologically normal participants underwent two treatments: a cooling procedure where the temperature of water circulating in a cooling helmet was maintained at 4∘C and a non-cooling/sham procedure where the temperature was set at 18∘C. During treatment participants were required to perform a computer-based task that measured sustained attention/vigilance via participant response times during target detection. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were also acquired before and after each treatment condition. Participants' core temperature (recorded via tympanic membrane) was monitored throughout the process. The findings revealed a statistically reliable 0.62 ∘C decrease in temperature as a result of cooling after controlling for participants' body mass index (BMI). However, there were no reliable cognitive or EEG spectral changes induced by the decrease in temperature.
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Mild Induced Hypothermia on Cognition using a Measure of Sustained Attention","authors":"E. Lacey, R. O’Connell, S. O’Mara, P. Dockree","doi":"10.11131/2015/101095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101095","url":null,"abstract":"Mild Induced hypothermia has come to be recognised as a successful method of providing neuro-protective treatment for patients suffering ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Anti-inflammatory responses and the lowering of cerebral metabolic rates, leading to a reduction in neuronal apoptosis, are considered to be the main mechanisms by which this process benefits patients. Assessment of a new hydro based cooling device, which could potentially be used by emergency service units, provided the impetus for the current research. Neurologically normal participants underwent two treatments: a cooling procedure where the temperature of water circulating in a cooling helmet was maintained at 4∘C and a non-cooling/sham procedure where the temperature was set at 18∘C. During treatment participants were required to perform a computer-based task that measured sustained attention/vigilance via participant response times during target detection. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were also acquired before and after each treatment condition. Participants' core temperature (recorded via tympanic membrane) was monitored throughout the process. The findings revealed a statistically reliable 0.62 ∘C decrease in temperature as a result of cooling after controlling for participants' body mass index (BMI). However, there were no reliable cognitive or EEG spectral changes induced by the decrease in temperature.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79623086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two patients presented from outside hospitals with complaints of pain at the site of implantable pulse generator (IPG). Neither patient had constitutional or local signs and symptoms of infection; however, during operations performed for revision and/or troubleshooting of the device, infection was encountered and all components were removed. Both individuals recovered well from the operation, and one patient underwent subsequent placement of a new InterStim device with good results. Possibility of infection should be considered in patients with complaint of pain associated with IPG site.
{"title":"Pain as the Sole Presenting Symptom of Infected Sacral Nerve Stimulation Implantable Pulse Generator","authors":"R. Elkattah, Leah R Chiles, E. Bird, R. Huffaker","doi":"10.11131/2015/101116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101116","url":null,"abstract":"Two patients presented from outside hospitals with complaints of pain at the site of implantable pulse generator (IPG). Neither patient had constitutional or local signs and symptoms of infection; however, during operations performed for revision and/or troubleshooting of the device, infection was encountered and all components were removed. Both individuals recovered well from the operation, and one patient underwent subsequent placement of a new InterStim device with good results. Possibility of infection should be considered in patients with complaint of pain associated with IPG site.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"233 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82748937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vivo performance of the CarieScan Pro (CS) device based on AC Impedance Spectroscopy technology (ACIST) on occlusal surfaces. Subjects and Methods: The ethics committee approved the study and the participants gave informed consent. The study included 144 unrestored permanent molars from 24 patients. The occlusal surfaces of the teeth were examined visually using ICDAS criteria. Then CarieScan measurements were performed. The actual depth of the lesions was assessed using radiographs and/or clinically by opening the lesion when appropriate. Correlation between all methods was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). Sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were calculated at the D3- (dentine caries) diagnostic threshold and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was assessed. Results: Significant positive correlation was found between ICDAS, CS measurements and the reference standard (rs 0.37–0.72, P<0.0001). The AUC for ICDAS and CS were 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. Sensitivity/specificity for ICDAS and CS were 72.0%/96.6% and 68.0%/90.8%, respectively. Comparison of the ROC curves showed no significant difference between the ICDAS and CarieScan Pro performance (P = 0.129). Conclusion: Both methods showed good diagnostic performance in detection of dentine caries on occlusal surfaces.
目的:研究基于交流阻抗谱技术(ACIST)的CarieScan Pro (CS)设备在咬合表面的体内性能。受试者和方法:伦理委员会批准了这项研究，参与者给予知情同意。该研究包括来自24名患者的144颗未修复的恒磨牙。采用ICDAS标准目测牙合面。然后进行CarieScan测量。病变的实际深度通过x线片和/或临床在适当的时候打开病变来评估。采用Spearman等级相关系数(rs)评价各方法之间的相关性。计算D3-(牙本质龋)诊断阈值的敏感性(SE)和特异性(SP)，并评估ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:ICDAS、CS测量值与参比标准呈正相关(rs 0.37 ~ 0.72, P<0.0001)。ICDAS和CS的AUC分别为0.93和0.84。ICDAS和CS的敏感性/特异性分别为72.0%/96.6%和68.0%/90.8%。ROC曲线比较显示ICDAS与CarieScan Pro的性能差异无统计学意义(P = 0.129)。结论:两种方法对牙合面牙本质龋均有较好的诊断效果。
{"title":"In-Vivo Performance of the CarieScan Pro Device for Detection of Occlusal Dentine Lesions","authors":"A. Jablonski-Momeni, Sarah Marie Christine Klein","doi":"10.11131/2015/101146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101146","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vivo performance of the CarieScan Pro (CS) device based on AC Impedance Spectroscopy technology (ACIST) on occlusal surfaces. Subjects and Methods: The ethics committee approved the study and the participants gave informed consent. The study included 144 unrestored permanent molars from 24 patients. The occlusal surfaces of the teeth were examined visually using ICDAS criteria. Then CarieScan measurements were performed. The actual depth of the lesions was assessed using radiographs and/or clinically by opening the lesion when appropriate. Correlation between all methods was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). Sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were calculated at the D3- (dentine caries) diagnostic threshold and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was assessed. Results: Significant positive correlation was found between ICDAS, CS measurements and the reference standard (rs 0.37–0.72, P<0.0001). The AUC for ICDAS and CS were 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. Sensitivity/specificity for ICDAS and CS were 72.0%/96.6% and 68.0%/90.8%, respectively. Comparison of the ROC curves showed no significant difference between the ICDAS and CarieScan Pro performance (P = 0.129). Conclusion: Both methods showed good diagnostic performance in detection of dentine caries on occlusal surfaces.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"100 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problem statement. Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world, accounting for more than 400,000 deaths annually. The pattern of suicide and the incidence of suicide vary from country to country. Cultural, religious and social values play some role in suicide. Currently, there is no data regarding the incidence of suicide in Kenya. Setting. Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Mortuary. Study population. A seven-year retrospective study of all the autopsies performed at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital was analysed and the cases that were definitely determined as suicides were further studied. Objective. To characterize the pattern of suicide cases through autopsies conducted at MTRH mortuary between the years 2005 to 2012. Methodology. Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. Suicide cases were identified from the MTRH autopsy record books. From these record books, the autopsy number was used to retrieve the pathologists autopsy report. Data regarding age, gender and methods of suicide was retrieved and entered into a data collection form. Data analysis: Data collected was analysed using Stata version 10. Results. There were 213 autopsies performed. Majority were male 180(85%). The subjects had a median age of 29(IQR: 23–37) years. Organophosphate poisoning was the most preferred method followed by hanging. Organophosphate poisoning accounted for 195(91.54%) and hanging for 17(7.98%) of the subjects. Conclusion. The preferred methods of suicide were poisoning and hanging. The study may have missed some cases where the relatives could have declined for the postmortem procedure and hence the body released without postmortem examinations.
问题陈述。自杀是世界上十大死亡原因之一，每年造成40多万人死亡。各国的自杀模式和自杀发生率各不相同。文化、宗教和社会价值观对自杀有一定影响。目前，没有关于肯尼亚自杀发生率的数据。设置。莫伊教学转诊医院停尸房。研究人口。对在莫伊教学和转诊医院进行的所有尸体解剖进行了为期7年的回顾性研究，并对确定为自杀的病例进行了进一步研究。目标。通过2005年至2012年在医院停尸房进行的尸体解剖，分析自杀个案的模式。方法。回顾性描述性横断面研究。自杀案件是从MTRH尸检记录簿中确定的。从这些记录簿中，解剖编号被用来检索病理学家的解剖报告。检索有关年龄、性别和自杀方式的数据并输入数据收集表。数据分析:使用Stata version 10分析收集的数据。结果。共进行了213例尸检。多数为男性180例(85%)。受试者的中位年龄为29岁(IQR: 23-37)岁。有机磷中毒是首选方法，其次是绞刑。有机磷中毒195例(91.54%)，上吊17例(7.98%)。结论。首选的自杀方式是投毒和上吊。这项研究可能遗漏了一些病例，这些病例的亲属可能拒绝进行尸检，因此尸体没有经过尸检就被释放了。
{"title":"Pattern of Suicide: A Review of Autopsies Conducted at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret Kenya","authors":"B. Macharia, M. A. Iddah, F. Ndiangui, A. Keter","doi":"10.11131/2015/101112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101112","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world, accounting for more than 400,000 deaths annually. The pattern of suicide and the incidence of suicide vary from country to country. Cultural, religious and social values play some role in suicide. Currently, there is no data regarding the incidence of suicide in Kenya. Setting. Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Mortuary. Study population. A seven-year retrospective study of all the autopsies performed at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital was analysed and the cases that were definitely determined as suicides were further studied. Objective. To characterize the pattern of suicide cases through autopsies conducted at MTRH mortuary between the years 2005 to 2012. Methodology. Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. Suicide cases were identified from the MTRH autopsy record books. From these record books, the autopsy number was used to retrieve the pathologists autopsy report. Data regarding age, gender and methods of suicide was retrieved and entered into a data collection form. Data analysis: Data collected was analysed using Stata version 10. Results. There were 213 autopsies performed. Majority were male 180(85%). The subjects had a median age of 29(IQR: 23–37) years. Organophosphate poisoning was the most preferred method followed by hanging. Organophosphate poisoning accounted for 195(91.54%) and hanging for 17(7.98%) of the subjects. Conclusion. The preferred methods of suicide were poisoning and hanging. The study may have missed some cases where the relatives could have declined for the postmortem procedure and hence the body released without postmortem examinations.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89290315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Y. Sendul, H. Çağatay, B. Dirim, M. Demir, Sonmez Cinar, C. Ucgul, Z. Acar, D. Guven
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and epidemiological data, clinical features and surgical outcomes of lacrimal canalicular lacerations. Methods: The charts ofall patients who applied to our emergency department with eyelid laceration from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, simultaneous injuries and complications of patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair surgery were analyzed. Results: A total of 556 patients were identified with an eyelid laceration, and in 42 (7.55%) of these patients 44 lacrimal canalicular lacerations were detected. The average age was 26.16±18.42 (range 5 to 78) years and mean follow-up time was 17.62±6.62 months (range 12-42 months). The male-to-female ratio was 5.3-1. The lower canaliculus was involved in 33 patients (78.57%), the upper in 7 patients (16.6%), and 2 patients (4.76%) had bicanalicular involvement. The most common etiology of canalicular laceration was assault (n = 16, 38.1%) followed by traffic accidents (n = 8, 19.05%). In 28 patients (66.67%) surgery was performed within 24 hours and in 14 patients (33.33%) surgery was performed between 24 hours and 6 days. In 32 patients (76.2%) direct anatomosis and in 10 patients (23.8%) indirect anastomosis was performed. Tubes were removed after a mean time of 5.8±2.8 months. Anatomic success was 96.87%, while functional success was 92.85%. Complications were detected in 3 cases: two patients had early tube extrusions and in patient had punctal slits. Conclusion: Reconstruction of traumatic lacrimal canalicular lacerations with stenting gives good results at long-term follow up. The Mini-Monoka tube is a safe, simple, effective method with few complications.
{"title":"Reconstructions of Traumatic Lacrimal Canalicular Lacerations: A 5 Years Experience","authors":"S. Y. Sendul, H. Çağatay, B. Dirim, M. Demir, Sonmez Cinar, C. Ucgul, Z. Acar, D. Guven","doi":"10.11131/2015/101121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101121","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and epidemiological data, clinical features and surgical outcomes of lacrimal canalicular lacerations. Methods: The charts ofall patients who applied to our emergency department with eyelid laceration from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, simultaneous injuries and complications of patients who underwent canalicular laceration repair surgery were analyzed. Results: A total of 556 patients were identified with an eyelid laceration, and in 42 (7.55%) of these patients 44 lacrimal canalicular lacerations were detected. The average age was 26.16±18.42 (range 5 to 78) years and mean follow-up time was 17.62±6.62 months (range 12-42 months). The male-to-female ratio was 5.3-1. The lower canaliculus was involved in 33 patients (78.57%), the upper in 7 patients (16.6%), and 2 patients (4.76%) had bicanalicular involvement. The most common etiology of canalicular laceration was assault (n = 16, 38.1%) followed by traffic accidents (n = 8, 19.05%). In 28 patients (66.67%) surgery was performed within 24 hours and in 14 patients (33.33%) surgery was performed between 24 hours and 6 days. In 32 patients (76.2%) direct anatomosis and in 10 patients (23.8%) indirect anastomosis was performed. Tubes were removed after a mean time of 5.8±2.8 months. Anatomic success was 96.87%, while functional success was 92.85%. Complications were detected in 3 cases: two patients had early tube extrusions and in patient had punctal slits. Conclusion: Reconstruction of traumatic lacrimal canalicular lacerations with stenting gives good results at long-term follow up. The Mini-Monoka tube is a safe, simple, effective method with few complications.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82135881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The association between oestrogen and breast cancer has been demonstrated for over a century however the exact cellular mechanisms by which oestrogen play a role in breast cancer development has not been fully established. Recent investigations have shown that oestrogen is involved in many aspects of cancer progression. This review evaluates how oestrogen at the cellular level induces or promotes the process of breast carcinogenesis through its action at multiple levels of cancer pathogenesis like cellular proliferation, inhibition apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion-metastasis. Therapeutic approaches against these mechanisms by the use of anti-oestrogens and their effectiveness are also reviewed and areas requiring further investigation are highlighted.
{"title":"Cellular Mechanisms of Oestrogen in Breast Cancer Development","authors":"O. Awolaran","doi":"10.11131/2015/101131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2015/101131","url":null,"abstract":"The association between oestrogen and breast cancer has been demonstrated for over a \u0000century however the exact cellular mechanisms by which oestrogen play a role in breast \u0000cancer development has not been fully established. Recent investigations have shown that \u0000oestrogen is involved in many aspects of cancer progression. This review evaluates how \u0000oestrogen at the cellular level induces or promotes the process of breast carcinogenesis \u0000through its action at multiple levels of cancer pathogenesis like cellular proliferation, \u0000inhibition apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion-metastasis. Therapeutic approaches against \u0000these mechanisms by the use of anti-oestrogens and their effectiveness are also reviewed \u0000and areas requiring further investigation are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77670832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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