Nowadays, high-strength concrete is an integral part of so many high-rise buildings. In accordance with the ACI 211.1-91 the mixture aggregate size should be less than 0.5 inches in order to achieve a uniaxial compressive strength greater than 9000 psi. On the other hand, finding a suitable aggregate grading distribution of concrete mix design is a big deal; hence force, the authors propose a mix proportion with no coarse aggregate still withstand enough strength. Silica sand powder concrete is a type of concrete with actually no coarse material in its own composition. In this concrete, the only aggregate is silica sand powder in which its size is less than 150 μm that is very small in size. According to the ASTM C 33, this concrete is classified as an ultra-fine aggregate concrete. The research interest is to find the compressive strength of this particular concrete under different conditions of curing and consolidation to compare each approach with each other. In this article, the young concrete specimen was compacted with a pressing or vibrating process. It is worthwhile to mention that to show the role of temperature on the curing process, the concrete specimen was cured both in 20∘C lime water or autoclaved in 90∘C oven.
如今，高强度混凝土是许多高层建筑的组成部分。根据ACI 211.1-91，混合料骨料尺寸应小于0.5英寸，以达到大于9000 psi的单轴抗压强度。另一方面，寻找合适的骨料级配是混凝土配合比设计的重要内容;因此，作者提出了不含粗骨料的混合比例仍能承受足够的强度。硅砂粉混凝土是一种自身成分中实际上没有粗料的混凝土。在该混凝土中，唯一的骨料是粒径小于150 μm的硅砂粉，粒径非常小。根据ASTM C 33，这种混凝土被归类为超细骨料混凝土。研究的目的是找出这种特殊混凝土在不同养护和固结条件下的抗压强度，并对每种方法进行比较。在这篇文章中，年轻的混凝土试件被压实与振动过程。值得一提的是，为了显示温度在养护过程中的作用，混凝土试件在20°C石灰水中养护或在90°C烤箱中蒸熟。
{"title":"Reactive Silica Sand Powder Concrete (RSSPC) Uniaxial Compressive Strength Investigation","authors":"H. Sadeghi","doi":"10.11131/2017/101230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2017/101230","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, high-strength concrete is an integral part of so many high-rise buildings. In accordance with the ACI 211.1-91 the mixture aggregate size should be less than 0.5 inches in order to achieve a uniaxial compressive strength greater than 9000 psi. On the other hand, finding a suitable aggregate grading distribution of concrete mix design is a big deal; hence force, the authors propose a mix proportion with no coarse aggregate still withstand enough strength. Silica sand powder concrete is a type of concrete with actually no coarse material in its own composition. In this concrete, the only aggregate is silica sand powder in which its size is less than \u0000150 μm that is very small in size. According to the ASTM C 33, this concrete is classified as an ultra-fine aggregate concrete. The research interest is to find the compressive strength of this particular concrete under different conditions of curing and consolidation to compare each approach with each other. In this article, the young concrete specimen was compacted with a pressing or vibrating process. It is worthwhile to mention that to show the role of temperature on the curing process, the concrete specimen was cured both in 20∘C lime water or autoclaved in 90∘C oven.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81756589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Widysusanti Abdulkadir, Fendy Suhariadi, Arief Wibowo, C. Hadi
Background: Teamwork between physicians and pharmacists is essential in providing a treatment to patients. Whatever the form and place, collaboration includes an exchange of views or ideas that give perspective to all collaborators. In order to make collaborative relationship optimal, all members of the different professions should have a desire to cooperate. Pharmacists and physicians should plan and practice as a colleague, work interdependence within the limits of the scope of practice with a variety of values and knowledge. Method: The study is a quasi experimental design with a pre-test - post-test control group design, using paired t-test analysis. Result: The paired t-test results show that the variable of teamwork effectiveness in M.M Dunda Hospital increases significantly (p = 0.038), which means that the three-party collaboration model (Physician-Pharmacist-Director) may increase teamwork effectiveness.
{"title":"Three-Party (Physician-Pharmacist-Director) Collaboration Model on Teamwork Effectiveness Improvement in Hospital","authors":"Widysusanti Abdulkadir, Fendy Suhariadi, Arief Wibowo, C. Hadi","doi":"10.11131/2017/101156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2017/101156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teamwork between physicians and pharmacists is essential in providing a treatment to patients. Whatever the form and place, collaboration includes an exchange of views or ideas that give perspective to all collaborators. In order to make collaborative relationship optimal, all members of the different professions should have a desire to cooperate. Pharmacists and physicians should plan and practice as a colleague, work interdependence within the limits of the scope of practice with a variety of values and knowledge. Method: The study is a quasi experimental design with a pre-test - post-test control group design, using paired t-test analysis. Result: The paired t-test results show that the variable of teamwork effectiveness in M.M Dunda Hospital increases significantly (p = 0.038), which means that the three-party collaboration model (Physician-Pharmacist-Director) may increase teamwork effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78906805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eating disorders (ED) are disorders of the brain. As scientists acknowledge the genetic basis of ED and their deleterious impact on brain circuitry, practitioners need to recognize the importance of healing the eating disordered brain, along with the patient. The time has come for the ED treatment community to access the neuroplastic brain's capacity to heal itself through the introduction of non-invasive, integrative, adjunctive neurophysiological interventions into mainstream ED clinical practice. Eating disorder pathology marks the loss of the brain's capacity to integrate mind, brain and body, impacting the integrity of the core self. By re-defining the development of the self as an embodied, sensory-based processgrounded in kinesthetic experience, 21st century brain research and technology has substantively expanded the breadth and depth of effective treatment strategies for ED and their co-occurring conditions to include various forms of somatosensory interventions. Neurophysiological and psychophysiological treatment interventions, by carving new neuronal pathways and creating connectivity that augments brain circuitry, carry the potential to remediate body image and self-image distortions, reintegrating the fragmented eating disordered core self. To date, intentional partnering between therapist, ED patient, and neuroplastic brain has been rarely applied in the clinical milieu and minimally referenced in the treatment literature. By bringing current neuroplasticity research into frontline practice, ED practitioners not only bridge the research/practice gap, but redefine new directions for future ED research.
{"title":"Clinical Application of Neuroplastic Brain Research in Eating Disorder Treatment","authors":"A. Natenshon","doi":"10.11131/2016/101219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101219","url":null,"abstract":"Eating disorders (ED) are disorders of the brain. As scientists acknowledge the genetic basis of ED and their deleterious impact on brain circuitry, practitioners need to recognize the importance of healing the eating disordered brain, along with the patient. The time has come for the ED treatment community to access the neuroplastic brain's capacity to heal itself through the introduction of non-invasive, integrative, adjunctive neurophysiological interventions into mainstream ED clinical practice. Eating disorder pathology marks the loss of the brain's capacity to integrate mind, brain and body, impacting the integrity of the core self. By re-defining the development of the self as an embodied, sensory-based processgrounded in kinesthetic experience, 21st century brain research and technology has substantively expanded the breadth and depth of effective treatment strategies for ED and their co-occurring conditions to include various forms of somatosensory interventions. \u0000Neurophysiological and psychophysiological treatment interventions, by carving new neuronal pathways and creating connectivity that augments brain circuitry, carry the potential to remediate body image and self-image distortions, reintegrating the fragmented eating disordered core self. To date, intentional partnering between therapist, ED patient, and neuroplastic brain has been rarely applied in the clinical milieu and minimally referenced in the treatment literature. By bringing current neuroplasticity research into frontline practice, ED practitioners not only bridge the research/practice gap, but redefine new directions for future ED research.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77787598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila G. C. Lemes, Abra ao Tiago Batista Guimar aes, Wellington Alves Mizael Silva, B. Mendes, D. C. Estrela, A. D. S. Santos, J. R. B. Junior, I. Torres, ré Talvani, G. Malafaia
Chronic stress and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are both social problems resulting in physiological and behavioral alterations. In this present study an associative effects of PEM and chronic stress were evaluated through in Wistar rats. Four groups were established: standard diet– 19% of protein (Std); Std + stress; PEM–6% of protein and PEM + stress. In these groups were assessed physical, nutritional, hematological, histological parameters and anxiety-like behavior. There were a reduction of food intake, body mass and relative weight of the heart and thymus in the PEM group. The liver of the PEM animals presented a degenerative condition with steatosis and Kupffer cell hypertrophy and, additionally, a significant decrease in hematocrit percentages, in the number of red blood cells and in the concentration of hemoglobin and total protein. In those animals under stress and Std diet, there was observed an increase of the relative adrenal weights, an acute condition of leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils and an increase in the anxiety-like behavior. There was no overlapping/interaction among the anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histological effects using PEM and stress in Wistar rats. The effects observed under experimental condition were those related to either PEM or stress, independently.
{"title":"The Association of Malnutrition and Chronic Stress Models Does Not Present Overlay Effects in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Camila G. C. Lemes, Abra ao Tiago Batista Guimar aes, Wellington Alves Mizael Silva, B. Mendes, D. C. Estrela, A. D. S. Santos, J. R. B. Junior, I. Torres, ré Talvani, G. Malafaia","doi":"10.11131/2016/101222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101222","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic stress and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are both social problems resulting in physiological and behavioral alterations. In this present study an associative effects of PEM and chronic stress were evaluated through in Wistar rats. Four groups were established: standard diet– 19% of protein (Std); Std + stress; PEM–6% of protein and PEM + stress. In these groups were assessed physical, nutritional, hematological, histological parameters and anxiety-like behavior. There were a reduction of food intake, body mass and relative weight of the heart and thymus in the PEM group. The liver of the PEM animals presented a degenerative condition with steatosis and Kupffer cell hypertrophy and, additionally, a significant decrease in hematocrit percentages, in the number of red blood cells and in the concentration of hemoglobin and total protein. In those animals under stress and Std diet, there was observed an increase of the relative adrenal weights, an acute condition of leukocytosis with a predominance of neutrophils and an increase in the anxiety-like behavior. There was no overlapping/interaction among the anthropometric, biochemical, hematological and histological effects using PEM and stress in Wistar rats. The effects observed under experimental condition were those related to either PEM or stress, independently.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79435493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: An adequate diagnosis of dental caries means not only assessment of the change and the spread of change in the lesion, but also making a decision concerning its possible activity. Caries activity is primarily assessed using visual-tactile criteria that help estimate the probability of a carious lesion to progress. The aim of the present study was to test the capability of a new approach to ascertain lesion activity by means of bioluminescence (CalcivisⓇ Caries Activity Imaging System, Calcivis) in-vitro. Subjects and Methods: 46 extracted permanent posterior teeth were included in the study (30 occlusal surfaces, 16 smooth surfaces). The investigation sites were classified by two examiners using ICDAS and NYVAD criteria for lesion activity (activity yes/no) and consensus score of each site was determined as reference value. The sites were photographed using a prototype Calcivis System and the images were evaluated by both examiners for the presence of activity (bioluminescence, blue spots at the investigation sites). Correlation of methods was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). Agreement between methods was assessed by kappa statistics. ROC curves were created for Calcivis and both visual methods and the areas under the Curve (AUC) were compared (α=0.05). Results: Significant positive correlation was found between Calcivis and the visual detection methods: rs ICDAS=1.0, rs Nyvad criteria=0.776 (p<0.001). Kappa-values were: Calcivis/ICDAS=1.0, Calcivis/Nyvad=0.78. AUC for Calcivis was 1.0 (ICDAS as reference value) and 0.89 (Nyvad criteria as reference value).No significant differences were observed between the AUCs (p=0.30). Conclusion: The in-vitro use of the bioluminescence method showed good agreement with visual findings in assessment of the activity of a carious lesion in the area of occlusal and smooth surfaces.
{"title":"Assessment of caries activity using the Calcivis® Caries Activity Imaging System","authors":"A. Jablonski-Momeni, Lukas Kneib","doi":"10.11131/2016/101241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101241","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: An adequate diagnosis of dental caries means not only assessment of the change and the spread of change in the lesion, but also making a decision concerning its possible activity. Caries activity is primarily assessed using visual-tactile criteria that help estimate the probability of a carious lesion to progress. The aim of the present study was to test the capability of a new approach to ascertain lesion activity by means of bioluminescence (CalcivisⓇ Caries Activity Imaging System, Calcivis) in-vitro. Subjects and Methods: 46 extracted permanent posterior teeth were included in the study (30 occlusal surfaces, 16 smooth surfaces). The investigation sites were classified by two examiners using ICDAS and NYVAD criteria for lesion activity (activity yes/no) and consensus score of each site was determined as reference value. The sites were photographed using a prototype Calcivis System and the images were evaluated by both examiners for the presence of activity (bioluminescence, blue spots at the investigation sites). Correlation of methods was calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs). Agreement between methods was assessed by kappa statistics. ROC curves were created for Calcivis and both visual methods and the areas under the Curve (AUC) were compared (α=0.05). Results: Significant positive correlation was found between Calcivis and the visual detection methods: rs ICDAS=1.0, rs Nyvad criteria=0.776 (p<0.001). Kappa-values were: Calcivis/ICDAS=1.0, Calcivis/Nyvad=0.78. AUC for Calcivis was 1.0 (ICDAS as reference value) and 0.89 (Nyvad criteria as reference value).No significant differences were observed between the AUCs (p=0.30). Conclusion: The in-vitro use of the bioluminescence method showed good agreement with visual findings in assessment of the activity of a carious lesion in the area of occlusal and smooth surfaces.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82253050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Thigmotropism is a biologic feature coping with the directional growth of cells following topographical guidance cues. This mechanism is involved in the invasive phase of pathogen and opportunistic fungi. It was shown experimentally with fungal hyphae of both dermatophytes and nondermatophyte molds, as well as with the mycelial phase of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. Objective: To revisit histomycology in onychomycoses of a diversity of fungal origins. Method: Histopathological section of nails plates were oriented parallel to the nail direction of growth. Result: Thigmotropism in part explains the patterns of orientations and shapes of fungi invading nail plates. It is probably influenced by onychochronobiology (speed of growth of the affected nails), and it governs various clinical presentations of onychomycoses.
{"title":"Nail Histomycology, Onychochromobiology, and Fungal Thigmatropism","authors":"G. Piérard, S. Piérard","doi":"10.11131/2016/101235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101235","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thigmotropism is a biologic feature coping with the directional growth of cells following topographical guidance cues. This mechanism is involved in the invasive phase of pathogen and opportunistic fungi. It was shown experimentally with fungal hyphae of both dermatophytes and nondermatophyte molds, as well as with the mycelial phase of the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. Objective: To revisit histomycology in onychomycoses of a diversity of fungal origins. \u0000Method: Histopathological section of nails plates were oriented parallel to the nail direction of growth. \u0000Result: Thigmotropism in part explains the patterns of orientations and shapes of fungi invading nail plates. It is probably influenced by onychochronobiology (speed of growth of the affected nails), and it governs various clinical presentations of onychomycoses.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91160862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y.-Q. Tian, L. Peng, M. Li, J. Sun, X. Su, H. Yang, Y. Shen, Honggang Duan, G.-Z. Zhang, J.-J. Zhao, G.-W. Li, F.-H. Wang
Objective. To determine the mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced elevation in blood pressure in rats. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal diet (normal control) and high-fat diet group. After 36 weeks of feeding, high-fat diet group was further randomized into high-fat diet control group and streptozocin treatment group. Plasma insulin, endothelin-1(ET-1), norepinephrine (NE), aldosterone, and angiotensin II levels were measured. AT1 receptor, ET-1, and ETA receptor mRNA expression in the aorta was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results. After 9 months, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-fat diet group was higher than in the normal control group (155.4±1.6 vs.132.1±5.3 mmHg, P<0.01). The levels of plasma insulin in high-fat diet group were higher than in normal control group (116.63±12.31μIU/mL versus 29.10±4.92μIU/mL, P<0.01). High-fat diet group also exhibited higher plasma levels of ET-1, NE, aldosterone, and angiotensin II,and a lower 24 h urinary sodium excretion than the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression of AT1 receptor, ET-1 and ETA receptors in the aorta in the high-fat diet group was greater than in the normal control group (P<0.05). Streptozocin treatment reduced SBP by an average of 20.9±3.3 mmHg (P<0.05), and reduced insulin level from 110.63±14.86μIU/mL to 39.45±6.59μIU/mL (P<0.01). The streptozocin group also showed a higher level of urine sodium excretion, and a lower level of plasma ET-1 and NE than in the high-fat diet control group (P<0.05). Conclusions. Hyperinsulinemia following high-fat diet is associated with an elevation in blood pressure. Sodium retention, increased plasma endothelin-1 and noradrenaline, as well as activation of renin-angiotensin system may all contribute to the blood pressure elevation.
{"title":"Effects of Hyperinsulinemia on Blood Pressure in High-Fat Diet Fed Rats","authors":"Y.-Q. Tian, L. Peng, M. Li, J. Sun, X. Su, H. Yang, Y. Shen, Honggang Duan, G.-Z. Zhang, J.-J. Zhao, G.-W. Li, F.-H. Wang","doi":"10.11131/2016/101239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101239","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To determine the mechanisms of \u0000hyperinsulinemia-induced elevation in blood pressure in rats. \u0000Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into \u0000normal diet (normal control) and high-fat diet group. After 36 \u0000weeks of feeding, high-fat diet group was further randomized into \u0000high-fat diet control group and streptozocin treatment group. \u0000Plasma insulin, endothelin-1(ET-1), norepinephrine (NE), \u0000aldosterone, and angiotensin II levels were measured. AT1 \u0000receptor, ET-1, and ETA receptor mRNA expression in the \u0000aorta was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results. After 9 \u0000months, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in high-fat diet group was \u0000higher than in the normal control group (155.4±1.6 \u0000vs.132.1±5.3 mmHg, P<0.01). The levels of plasma insulin \u0000in high-fat diet group were higher than in normal control group \u0000(116.63±12.31μIU/mL versus 29.10±4.92μIU/mL, P<0.01). High-fat diet group also \u0000exhibited higher plasma levels of ET-1, NE, aldosterone, and \u0000angiotensin II,and a lower 24 h urinary sodium excretion than the \u0000normal control group (P<0.05). The expression of AT1 \u0000receptor, ET-1 and ETA receptors in the aorta in the \u0000high-fat diet group was greater than in the normal control group \u0000(P<0.05). Streptozocin treatment reduced SBP by an average of \u000020.9±3.3 mmHg (P<0.05), and reduced insulin level from \u0000110.63±14.86μIU/mL to 39.45±6.59μIU/mL (P<0.01). The streptozocin group also \u0000showed a higher level of urine sodium excretion, and a lower level \u0000of plasma ET-1 and NE than in the high-fat diet control group \u0000(P<0.05). Conclusions. Hyperinsulinemia \u0000following high-fat diet is associated with an elevation in blood \u0000pressure. Sodium retention, increased plasma endothelin-1 and \u0000noradrenaline, as well as activation of renin-angiotensin system \u0000may all contribute to the blood pressure elevation.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90035691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary. Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women in the western world. In 90% of breast cancers, environmental factors are among the causes. The frequency with which the tumour occurs in the outer upper part of the breast has risen with above average rates in recent decades. Aluminium salts as ingredients in deodorants and antiperspirants are being absorbed by the body to a greater extent than hitherto assumed. Their toxicity for healthy and diseased breast tissue cells includes various well-documented pathomechanisms. In the sense of primary and secondary prevention, the cancer-triggering potential of aluminium and its use in anti-perspirant deodorants must be re-evaluated. For the same reason the access to a targeted diagnosis and treatment of aluminium loading must be facilitated.
{"title":"Does Aluminium Trigger Breast Cancer","authors":"P. Jennrich, C. Schulte-Uebbing","doi":"10.11131/2016/101234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101234","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women in the western world. In 90% of breast cancers, environmental factors are among the causes. The frequency with which the tumour occurs in the outer upper part of the breast has risen with above average rates in recent decades. Aluminium salts as ingredients in deodorants and antiperspirants are being absorbed by the body to a greater extent than hitherto assumed. Their toxicity for healthy and diseased breast tissue cells includes various well-documented pathomechanisms. In the sense of primary and secondary prevention, the cancer-triggering potential of aluminium and its use in anti-perspirant deodorants must be re-evaluated. For the same reason the access to a targeted diagnosis and treatment of aluminium loading must be facilitated.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88481887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Komori, Yuko Tamura, M. Mitsui, J. Matsui, Daisuke Uei, S. Aoki
Background: Cedrol exhibits relaxation effects, and its scent may reduce stress, thereby contributing to various stressful life situation. However, cedrol has also been reported to induce sleep, which is dangerous by case. Therefore, studies are needed in order to determine whether the relaxation or sleep-inducing effects of cedrol are induced under stressful situation and also how to only attain the former. Method: A cross-over open study was conducted. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n = 3 per group). After one course of the Kraepelin test and additional dumbbell lifting before and after the test was performed, subjects entered the placebo or cedrol exposure room, and rested in a sitting position for 20 minutes. Electrocardiographic, electroencephalographic, and blood pressure measurements as well as VAS assessments were conducted. Result: In the present study, no stress response was clearly detected. However, the results of analyses with respect to individuals suggested that cedrol exhibited relaxation effects, and that it did not induce sleep under the conditions adopted in this study.
{"title":"A Preliminary Study to Investigate Relaxation and Sleep-Inducing Effects of Cedrol","authors":"T. Komori, Yuko Tamura, M. Mitsui, J. Matsui, Daisuke Uei, S. Aoki","doi":"10.11131/2016/101228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cedrol exhibits relaxation effects, and its scent may reduce stress, thereby contributing to various stressful life situation. However, cedrol has also been reported to induce sleep, which is dangerous by case. Therefore, studies are needed in order to determine whether the relaxation or sleep-inducing effects of cedrol are induced under stressful situation and also how to only attain the former. Method: A cross-over open study was conducted. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n = 3 per group). After one course of the Kraepelin test and additional dumbbell lifting before and after the test was performed, subjects entered the placebo or cedrol exposure room, and rested in a sitting position for 20 minutes. Electrocardiographic, electroencephalographic, and blood pressure measurements as well as VAS assessments were conducted. Result: In the present study, no stress response was clearly detected. However, the results of analyses with respect to individuals suggested that cedrol exhibited relaxation effects, and that it did not induce sleep under the conditions adopted in this study.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87271310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper compares the attenuation coefficients of 20 tropical hard wood species based on their linear and mass attenuation and half value layer (HVL) properties for X-rays of energy 50–150 keV using a narrow collimated beam from a Cs-137 source. The narrow collimated beam method made corrections from multiple and small-angle scatterings of photons unnecessary. The attenuation depended on the chemical composition and densities of the wood species. The linear attenuation coefficients of wood species at 50–150 keV were highest for Pterygota macrocarpa (4.53 m−1) and lowest for Antiaris africana (1.24 m−1); the mass attenuation coefficient was highest for Triplochiton scleroxylon (17.62 m2/kg) and lowest for Nesogordonia papaverifera (2.27 m2/kg).The HVL was highest for Antiaris africana (0.27 m) and lowest for Pterygota macrocarpa (0.149 m). Pterygota macrocarpa of about 0.36 m thickness could serve as a more affordable radiation shielding material against secondary scatter and leakage radiations in place of lead, copper or concrete for low X-ray radiations up to 150 keV.
{"title":"Study of Radiation Shielding Properties of selected Tropical Wood Species for X-rays in the 50-150 keV Range","authors":"S. Aggrey-Smith, K. Preko, F. Owusu, J. Amoako","doi":"10.11131/2016/101150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11131/2016/101150","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the attenuation coefficients of 20 tropical hard wood species based on their linear and mass attenuation and half value layer (HVL) properties for X-rays of energy 50–150 keV using a narrow collimated beam from a Cs-137 source. The narrow collimated beam method made corrections from multiple and small-angle scatterings of photons unnecessary. The attenuation depended on the chemical composition and densities of the wood species. The linear attenuation coefficients of wood species at 50–150 keV were highest for Pterygota macrocarpa (4.53 m−1) and lowest for Antiaris africana (1.24 m−1); the mass attenuation coefficient was highest for Triplochiton scleroxylon (17.62 m2/kg) and lowest for Nesogordonia papaverifera (2.27 m2/kg).The HVL was highest for Antiaris africana (0.27 m) and lowest for Pterygota macrocarpa (0.149 m). Pterygota macrocarpa of about 0.36 m thickness could serve as a more affordable radiation shielding material against secondary scatter and leakage radiations in place of lead, copper or concrete for low X-ray radiations up to 150 keV.","PeriodicalId":19674,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78487139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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