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Volume 11: Acoustics, Vibration, and Phononics最新文献

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Objective Evaluation of FCV Interior Sound Quality During Acceleration 目的评价FCV加速过程的车内音质
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87011
Hai Liu, Yanyi Zhang, Dong Hao, Yong Chen, Xiangying Ji, Changyin Wei
While driving a FCV during acceleration, many sorts of sounds could be heard, which influence the interior sound quality. A typical FCV is taken as a sample, four interior noises generated under the acceleration operation are collected in the whole vehicle semi-anechoic chamber, and the noise sample database of diesel engine radiation noise is established after preprocessing. Based on sound quality theory (physical and psychoacoustic features), the Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is used to extract the key objective features mainly influencing the sound quality, which realize the dimension reduction target; the variations of objective features are analyzed to qualitatively analyze the law of the sound quality varying during acceleration. According to the objective evaluation of FCV interior sound quality, combining with FCV operating parameters, the influencing law of the FCV sound quality could be obtained.
FCV在加速过程中,会听到各种各样的声音,这些声音会影响车内音质。以一辆典型FCV为样本,在整车半消声室采集加速工况下产生的4种车内噪声,经预处理后建立柴油机辐射噪声样本库。基于音质理论(物理声学特征和心理声学特征),利用核主成分分析(KPCA)提取主要影响音质的关键目标特征,实现降维目标;通过分析客观特征的变化,定性地分析了加速过程中音质的变化规律。根据对FCV内部音质的客观评价,结合FCV运行参数,得出FCV内部音质的影响规律。
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引用次数: 1
Different Definitions of Entropy for Statistical Energy Analysis 统计能量分析中熵的不同定义
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87240
Z. Sotoudeh
This paper explores several definitions of entropy that stem from the fields of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics for vibrating structures. This paper shows that these definitions are equivalent in the context of mechanically vibrating systems. However, one is more suitable for statistical energy analysis. This work is motivated by the usefulness of the entropy concept towards developing a framework for the statistical treatment of vibroacoustic systems. Specifically, entropy provides a thermodynamic framework to justify the methodology of statistical energy analysis.
本文探讨了振动结构的统计力学和热力学中熵的几个定义。本文证明这些定义在机械振动系统中是等价的。然而,一个更适合于统计能量分析。这项工作的动机是有用的熵概念对发展框架的振动声系统的统计处理。具体来说,熵提供了一个热力学框架来证明统计能量分析方法的合理性。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Early Disk Crack Diagnosis Under Variable Speed 基于深度卷积神经网络的变转速磁盘早期裂纹诊断
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87247
Ruonan Liu, Ruqiang Yan, Meng Ma, Xuefeng Chen
Aero engine is essentially the heart of an airplane. However, the high temperature and high pressure working environment of the aero engine can easily lead to fatigue cracks in turbine disks, and result in serious accidents. Therefore, early disk crack diagnosis is very important to guarantee safe flight of the airplane and reduce its maintenance cost, which, however, is challenging due to the difficulty in building a complex physical model under variable operating speeds. To tackle this problem, a novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method is proposed for early disk crack diagnosis. CNN, as one of the deep learning structures, can learn deep-seated features directly and automatically from the raw data without the need of physical model or prior knowledge. It shows the potential to deal with the challenge of early disk crack diagnosis. Since the proposed diagnosis method is signal-level, the collected vibration signals can be input into the CNN architecture directly without the need of feature extractor. In this paper, the vibration signals at both the beginning and the end of the test are used for training the CNN model, then the rest signals are input into the trained model as test data to diagnose when the incipient disk crack is generated. Experimental study conducted on the fatigue test of a real turbine disk has proved the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for early disk crack diagnosis. Meanwhile, comparison study with some state-of-the-art methods is also performed, and further highlights the superiority of the proposed method.
航空发动机基本上是飞机的心脏。然而,航空发动机的高温高压工作环境很容易导致涡轮盘出现疲劳裂纹,造成严重事故。因此,早期诊断盘面裂纹对保证飞机安全飞行和降低飞机维修成本具有重要意义,但由于在变速度下难以建立复杂的物理模型,因此具有一定的挑战性。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于深度卷积神经网络(CNN)的圆盘裂纹早期诊断方法。CNN作为一种深度学习结构,可以直接自动地从原始数据中学习深层特征,而不需要物理模型或先验知识。它显示了处理早期磁盘裂纹诊断挑战的潜力。由于所提出的诊断方法是信号级的,因此收集到的振动信号可以直接输入到CNN架构中,而不需要特征提取器。本文利用试验开始和结束时的振动信号对CNN模型进行训练,然后将剩余的振动信号作为测试数据输入到训练好的模型中,用于诊断何时产生盘状裂纹。通过对某实际涡轮盘的疲劳试验研究,验证了该方法对早期盘裂纹诊断的有效性和鲁棒性。同时,还与一些最新方法进行了对比研究,进一步凸显了所提方法的优越性。
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引用次数: 0
On the Free Vibration Analysis of a Sandwich Beam With Tip Mass 具有尖端质量的夹层梁的自由振动分析
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87535
E. F. Joubaneh, O. Barry
This paper presents the free vibration analysis of a sandwich beam with a tip mass using higher order sandwich panel theory (HSAPT). The governing equations of motion and boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. General Differential Quadrature (GDQ) is employed to solve the system governing equations of motion. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system are presented and Ansys simulation is performed to validate the results. Various boundary conditions are also employed to examine the natural frequencies of the sandwich beam without tip mass and the results are compared with those found in the literature. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of key design parameters on the natural frequencies of the sandwich beam with and without tip mass.
本文采用高阶夹层板理论对具有尖端质量的夹层梁进行了自由振动分析。利用哈密顿原理得到了运动控制方程和边界条件。采用一般微分正交法求解系统的运动控制方程。给出了系统的固有频率和振型,并进行了Ansys仿真验证。本文还采用不同的边界条件对无质量夹层梁的固有频率进行了计算,并与文献结果进行了比较。通过参数化研究,考察了关键设计参数对夹层梁固有频率的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Design of Acoustic Metamaterials Using Gradient Based Optimization 基于梯度优化的声学超材料设计
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-88254
Feruza A. Amirkulova, A. Norris
We derive formulas for the gradients of the total scattering cross section (TSCS) with respect to positions of a set of cylindrical scatterers. Providing the analytic form of gradients enhances modeling capability when combined with optimization algorithms and parallel computing. This results in reducing number of function calls and time needed to converge, and improving solution accuracy for large scale optimization problems especially at high frequencies and with a large number of scatterers. As application of the method we design acoustic metamaterial structure based on a gradient-based minimization of TSCS for a set of cylindrical obstacles by incrementally re-positioning them so that they eventually act as an effective cloaking device. The method is illustrated through examples for clusters of hard cylinders in water. Computations are performed on Matlab using parallel optimization algorithms and a multistart optimization solver, and supplying the gradient of TSCS.
我们推导了总散射截面(TSCS)随一组圆柱形散射体位置的梯度公式。提供梯度的解析形式,与优化算法和并行计算相结合,增强了建模能力。这减少了函数调用的次数和收敛所需的时间,并提高了大规模优化问题的解决精度,特别是在高频和大量散射体的情况下。作为该方法的应用,我们设计了基于梯度最小化TSCS的声学超材料结构,用于一组圆柱形障碍物,通过逐步重新定位它们,使它们最终成为有效的隐形装置。通过水中硬圆柱体簇的实例说明了该方法。在Matlab上使用并行优化算法和多启动优化求解器进行了计算,并提供了TSCS的梯度。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Weak Signal Detection of Bearing Fault Based on Duffing Oscillator 基于Duffing振荡器的轴承故障微弱信号检测研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86892
Hao Long, Dan Liu, Fei Liu, Qingxin Wang, Lin Liang, Guanghua Xu
In this paper, chaotic system is applied to identify and extract the weak signals of bearing early fault which are often submerged in strong background noise. Chaotic system is an effective method in weak signal detection because of its properties of noise immunity and sensitivity to the weak periodic signal. However, chaotic system is not completely immune to noise in critical chaotic state. Aiming at this problem, four indicators are used to evaluate the detection performance of Duffing oscillators. Then, the influence of Duffing oscillator parameters on the four indicators is studied in detail and a new method is proposed to improve the detection performance of Duffing oscillator. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately obtain the characteristic signals of early bearing fault in a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) situation.
本文将混沌系统应用于轴承早期故障的微弱信号识别和提取,这些信号通常被淹没在强背景噪声中。混沌系统具有抗噪声和对弱周期信号的敏感性,是一种有效的微弱信号检测方法。然而,混沌系统在临界混沌状态下并非完全不受噪声的影响。针对这一问题,采用四个指标来评价Duffing振荡器的检测性能。然后,详细研究了Duffing振荡器参数对四项指标的影响,提出了一种提高Duffing振荡器检测性能的新方法。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法能在较低信噪比的情况下准确获取轴承早期故障的特征信号。
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引用次数: 1
Modeling the Wind Turbine Profiles Assuring the Maximum Lift Force With Low-Noise Operation for Variable Wind Velocities 可变风速下保证最大升力和低噪声运行的风力机廓线建模
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86795
V. Radulescu
The paper presents a new solution for the wind turbine profile shape modeling based on the concept of the maximum lift force, capable to be produced at different values of the wind velocities. The profile is designed and realized in accordance with the new concept emerged in the last decade, on the operation of the wind turbines with maximum lifting force. The purpose is to provide a low-noise during operation because a negative effect on the medium and long-term operation of the wind turbines (wind farms) is the noise that affects the flight of birds, terrestrial animal life, and especially human communities. Various sources generate independent acoustic emissions on wind profiles, such as the turbulent flow, the interaction of the turbulent boundary layer area of the trailing edge, the flow separation, and the boundary layer separation of vortices formed in the zone of the trailing edge. There is also considered the influence of the apparent wind on the incidence variation of the profile. In order to maintain an optimum angle of attack relative to the wind velocity, a fixed blade inclination must increase its speed to be proportional to the wind. Thus, to maximize the aerodynamic performance, the rotor must spin faster when the wind intensity increases. Measurement of the acoustic signal requires electronic devices that operate on electric signals obtained from the conversion of the pressure variations in voltage or variations in electrical current. The noise caused by the turbulent flow is generated primarily by the sharply pointed leading edge and cannot be diminished. There are presented some numerical results correlated with the measurements made in the field.
本文提出了一种基于最大升力概念的风力机廓形建模新方法,该方法可以在不同风速值下产生。该剖面是根据近十年来出现的新概念设计和实现的,以最大升力运行风力涡轮机。其目的是在运行期间提供低噪音,因为对风力涡轮机(风电场)中长期运行的负面影响是影响鸟类飞行,陆生动物生活,特别是人类社区的噪音。各种源在风廓线上产生独立的声发射,如湍流流动、尾缘湍流边界层区域的相互作用、流动分离、尾缘区域内形成的涡的边界层分离等。还考虑了视风对廓线入射变化的影响。为了保持相对于风速的最佳迎角,固定的叶片倾角必须增加其速度以与风成正比。因此,为了最大限度地提高气动性能,当风强度增加时,转子必须旋转得更快。声信号的测量需要电子设备,这些设备对从电压或电流的压力变化的转换中获得的电信号进行操作。紊流引起的噪声主要是由尖锐的前缘产生的,不能消除。文中给出了一些与现场实测相关联的数值结果。
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Holey Cavity in the Application of Thermoacoustics Imaging 空穴在热声成像中的应用研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87757
Chang Liu, Ashkan Ghanbarzadeh-Dagheyan, J. Heredia-Juesas, A. Molaei, J. Martinez-Lorenzo
Microwave-induced Thermoacoustics (TA) sensing has the potential to be a breakthrough in subsurface imaging applications. This is because it combines the advantages of high contrast of microwave imaging and high resolution of ultrasound imaging. However, state-of-the-art TA hardware requires that the receiving transducer is scanned in a linear or rotational fashion in order to be able to collect enough orthogonal data needed to produce a TA image possessing high-spatial resolution both in range and cross-range. This process is slow, increases the detection time, and adds an extra complexity to the system. In order to address these problems, a Compressive Sensing (CS) methodology is presented in this paper as a mechanism to reduce the minimum number of data samples required to reconstruct a sparse signal. Furthermore, in order to reduce the mutual information shared by different measurements, a holey cavity structure is proposed to be used to perform 4D coding. In this work, the TA imaging theory is introduced; and the impact that the holey cavity parameters have in the imaging performance is studied. The imaging results in this work are carried out using a distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, capable of using norm-1 and norm-2 regularizers; and they reveal the effectiveness of the proposed holey-cavity and CS TA imaging approach.
微波诱导热声学(TA)传感在地下成像应用中具有突破性的潜力。这是因为它结合了微波成像的高对比度和超声成像的高分辨率的优点。然而,最先进的TA硬件要求接收换能器以线性或旋转方式扫描,以便能够收集足够的正交数据,以产生在距离和交叉距离上具有高空间分辨率的TA图像。这个过程很慢,增加了检测时间,并增加了系统的额外复杂性。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种压缩感知(CS)方法,作为一种减少重构稀疏信号所需的最小数据样本数量的机制。此外,为了减少不同测量值之间的互信息共享,提出了采用空穴结构进行四维编码的方法。本文介绍了TA成像理论;研究了空腔参数对成像性能的影响。本工作中的成像结果使用分布式交替方向乘法器(ADMM)算法进行,该算法能够使用范数-1和范数-2正则化器;它们揭示了所提出的空洞和CS - TA成像方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Active Acoustic Metamaterials With Programmable Densities Using an H-∞ Controller 基于H-∞控制器的可编程密度有源声学超材料
Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87749
A. Baz
Various types of acoustic metamaterials have been developed to control the flow of acoustical energy through these materials. Most of these metamaterials are passive in nature with pre-tuned and fixed material properties. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on the development of a class of one-dimensional acoustic metamaterials with programmable densities in order to enable the control the acoustic wave propagation in these media. With such unique capabilities, the proposed active acoustic metamaterials (AAMM) can be utilized to physically realize, for example, acoustic cloaks, wave shifters and focusers, tunable acoustic absorbers and reflectors, as well as non-reciprocal acoustic media. The theoretical analysis of this class of AAMM with programmable effective dynamical densities is presented for an array of cavities separated by piezoelectric boundaries. These boundaries provide means for controlling the stiffness of the individual cavity and, in turn, its dynamical densities. In this regard, a disturbance rejection strategy is considered which is based on an H-∞ robust controller. The time and frequency response characteristics of a unit cell of the AAMM are investigated for various parameters of the controller in an attempt to optimize the performance characteristics. Extension of this study to include active control capabilities of the bulk modulus of the metamaterials would enable the development of wide classes of AAMM that are only limited by our imagination.
各种类型的声学超材料已经被开发出来,以控制通过这些材料的声能流动。这些超材料大多是被动的,具有预调谐和固定的材料特性。本文重点研究了一类具有可编程密度的一维声学超材料的发展,以便控制声波在这些介质中的传播。具有这种独特的性能,所提出的有源声学超材料(AAMM)可以用于物理实现,例如声斗篷,移波器和聚焦器,可调谐声吸收器和反射器,以及非互易声介质。对一类具有可编程有效动力密度的空腔阵列进行了理论分析。这些边界提供了控制单个腔体刚度的手段,进而控制其动态密度。在这方面,考虑了一种基于H-∞鲁棒控制器的抗干扰策略。为了优化AAMM的性能特性,研究了不同控制器参数下AAMM单胞的时频响应特性。将这项研究扩展到包括超材料体积模量的主动控制能力,将使我们能够开发出仅受我们想象力限制的广泛类别的AAMM。
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引用次数: 1
Detection of Misfire in a Six-Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Acoustic Emission Signals 利用声发射信号检测六缸柴油机失火
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86506
M. Jafari, P. Borghesani, P. Verma, Ashkan Eslaminejad, Z. Ristovski, Richard J. Brown
This study will focus on the detection of misfire using Acoustic emission sensor in a multi-cylinder diesel engine. Detection of misfire is important since this malfunction can cause the engine to stall in a short time. In order to investigate the misfire, an experimental engine was run with and without injection of the fuel in the first cylinder. The acoustic emission signal was acquired synchronously with the crank angle signal, in order to have a reference for the transformation from time to angular domain. The AE signal was then processed using the squared envelope spectrum to highlight angle-periodic modulations in the signal’s power (cyclic bursts). This study will present the effectiveness of this combination of sensor technology and signal processing to detect misfire in a six-cylinder diesel engine connected to a hydraulic dynamometer.
本文主要研究多缸柴油机的声发射传感器失火检测问题。检测失火很重要,因为这种故障会导致发动机在短时间内熄火。为了研究失火的原因,在一台实验发动机上进行了有和没有在第一缸中喷射燃料的试验。声发射信号与曲柄角信号同步采集,为从时间域到角域的转换提供参考。然后使用平方包络谱对声发射信号进行处理,以突出信号功率中的角周期调制(循环爆发)。这项研究将展示传感器技术和信号处理相结合的有效性,以检测连接到液压测功机的六缸柴油发动机的失火。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Volume 11: Acoustics, Vibration, and Phononics
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