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Access to appropriate interpretation is essential for the health of children. 获得适当的口译服务对儿童的健康至关重要。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-02-06 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad054
Charles Hui

With 20% of Canadians reporting a mother tongue other than English or French, it is not uncommon for health professionals and patients to be proficient in different languages. When a physician and patient cannot properly communicate, there is potential for misunderstanding, which can lead to poor clinical outcomes and hospital readmission. Professional interpretation services are associated with improved communication, health care use, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction with care. Using untrained or ad hoc interpreters-including family members-has been shown to increase errors of omission, substitution, editorialization, and addition. Children and youth are not sufficiently developmentally mature to act as interpreters in health care. Using children and youth as interpreters in health care settings places them in an inappropriate and potentially difficult situation that may have lasting negative effects on both their own mental health and their relationships with other family members.

有 20% 的加拿大人表示母语不是英语或法语,因此医疗专业人员和患者精通不同语言的情况并不少见。当医生和患者无法正确沟通时,就有可能产生误解,从而导致不良的临床效果和再次入院。专业口译服务与改善沟通、提高医疗保健使用率、改善临床效果和提高护理满意度息息相关。事实证明,使用未经培训或临时安排的口译人员(包括家庭成员)会增加遗漏、替换、编辑和添加等错误。儿童和青少年在发育方面还不够成熟,无法在医疗保健中担任口译员。在医疗保健环境中使用儿童和青少年作为口译员会将他们置于不适当且可能困难的境地,这可能会对他们自身的心理健康以及与其他家庭成员的关系产生持久的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Social prescribing: Moving pediatric care upstream to improve child health and wellbeing and address child health inequities 社会处方:将儿科护理推向上游,改善儿童健康和福祉,解决儿童健康不平等问题
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxae002
Caitlin Muhl, Susan Bennett, Stéphanie Fragman, Nicole Racine
Social prescribing is a means for trusted individuals in clinical and community settings to connect people who have non-medical, health-related social needs to non-clinical supports and services within the community through a non-medical prescription. Evaluations of social prescribing programs for the pediatric population have demonstrated statistically significant improvements in participants’ mental, physical, and social wellbeing and reductions in healthcare demand and costs. Experts have pointed to the particularly powerful impact of social prescribing on children’s mental health, suggesting that it may help to alleviate the strain on the overburdened mental health system. Social prescribing shows promise as a tool to move pediatric care upstream by addressing non-medical, health-related social needs, hence why there is an urgent need to direct more attention towards the pediatric population in social prescribing research, policy, and practice. This demands rapid action by researchers, policymakers, and child health professionals to support advancements in this area.
社会处方是临床和社区环境中受信任的个人通过非医疗处方将有非医疗、与健康相关的社会需求的人与社区内的非临床支持和服务联系起来的一种手段。对儿科人群的社会处方计划进行的评估表明,在统计意义上,参与者的精神、身体和社会福利都得到了显著改善,医疗保健需求和成本也有所降低。专家们指出,社会处方对儿童心理健康的影响尤为显著,表明它可能有助于减轻心理健康系统不堪重负的压力。社会处方有望成为一种工具,通过满足非医疗、与健康相关的社会需求来推动儿科护理向上游发展,因此在社会处方的研究、政策和实践中迫切需要更多地关注儿科人群。这就要求研究人员、政策制定者和儿童保健专业人员迅速采取行动,支持这一领域的进步。
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引用次数: 0
La détection et la prise en charge d’une croissance atypique 检测和管理非典型生长
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad056
Linda Casey, Tanis R Fenton
Résumé En pédiatrie, il est fondamental d’évaluer la croissance de l’enfant, mais un tableau clinique de plus en plus complexe peut compliquer l’évaluation des profils de croissance. Le présent point de pratique s’appuie sur des études de cas représentatives pour décrire les principaux éléments de l’interprétation des profils de croissance courants et la réponse à privilégier. Le clinicien qui connaît ces profils courants et leur étiologie sera mieux en mesure d’y répondre de manière appropriée et de limiter le risque de sous-diagnostiquer ou de surdiagnostiquer les retards de croissance.
摘要 在儿科,评估儿童的生长情况至关重要,但日益复杂的临床表现可能会使生长情况评估变得复杂。本实践要点通过具有代表性的病例研究,描述了解读常见生长模式的关键要素和首选应对方法。熟悉这些常见模式及其病因的临床医生将能更好地做出适当反应,并限制发育迟缓诊断不足或诊断过度的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Breastfeeding and human milk in the NICU: From birth to discharge 新生儿重症监护室中的母乳喂养和母乳:从出生到出院
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad034
Christopher Tomlinson, Laura N Haiek
It is well recognized that human milk is the optimal nutritive source for all infants, including those requiring intensive care. This statement reviews evidence supporting the importance of breastfeeding and human milk for infants, and why breastfeeding practices should be prioritized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It also reviews how to optimally feed infants based on their stability and maturity, and how to support mothers to establish and maintain milk production when their infants are unable to feed at the breast.
众所周知,母乳是所有婴儿(包括需要重症监护的婴儿)的最佳营养来源。本声明回顾了支持母乳喂养和母乳对婴儿重要性的证据,以及新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)应优先考虑母乳喂养做法的原因。它还回顾了如何根据婴儿的稳定性和成熟度对其进行最佳喂养,以及在婴儿无法用母乳喂养时如何支持母亲建立和维持乳汁分泌。
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引用次数: 0
Recognizing and addressing atypical growth 认识和处理非典型生长
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad057
Linda Casey, Tanis R Fenton
While child growth evaluation is fundamental to paediatric practice, an increasingly complex clinical picture can complicate interpretation of growth patterns. This practice point uses representative case studies to illustrate key features of interpretation and response to commonly encountered growth patterns. Awareness of these common patterns and their etiologies will enhance the clinician’s ability to respond appropriately and minimize the risk for under- or over-diagnosis of growth impairment.
虽然儿童生长评估是儿科实践的基础,但日益复杂的临床情况可能会使生长模式的解释变得复杂。本实践要点通过具有代表性的案例研究来说明解读和应对常见生长模式的关键特征。对这些常见模式及其病因的认识将提高临床医生做出适当反应的能力,并最大限度地降低对生长障碍诊断不足或过度诊断的风险。
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引用次数: 0
L’allaitement et le lait humain en soins intensifs néonatals : de la naissance jusqu’au congé 新生儿重症监护中的母乳喂养和母乳:从出生到出院
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad035
Christopher Tomlinson, Laura N Haiek
Résumé Il est bien établi que le lait humain est la source nutritive optimale pour tous les nouveau-nés, y compris ceux qui ont besoin de soins intensifs. Le présent document de principes examine les données probantes qui appuient l’importance de l’allaitement et du lait humain pour les nouveau-nés, de même que les raisons pour lesquelles les pratiques d’allaitement doivent être priorisées à l’unité de soins intensifs néonatals. Il aborde aussi l’alimentation optimale des nouveau-nés en fonction de leur stabilité et de leur maturité, ainsi que la manière de soutenir les mères pour qu’elles établissent et maintiennent leur production de lait lorsque leur nouveau-né est incapable de se nourrir au sein.
摘要 母乳是所有新生儿(包括需要重症监护的新生儿)的最佳营养来源,这一点已得到公认。本立场声明回顾了支持母乳喂养和母乳对新生儿重要性的证据,以及新生儿重症监护室应优先考虑母乳喂养做法的原因。它还讨论了根据新生儿的稳定性和成熟度对其进行最佳喂养的问题,以及在新生儿无法进行母乳喂养时如何支持母亲建立和维持母乳供应。
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引用次数: 0
Creating a Low-Stimulus Clinic to improve immunization success rates for children with alternate environment needs: A quality improvement initiative 创建低刺激诊所,提高有替代环境需求儿童的免疫接种成功率:质量改进倡议
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad081
Megan McDonald, Shauna Gallaugher, Elise Kammerer, Samina Ali
Patients with specific sensory needs may face barriers to receiving their immunizations. Therefore, a Low-Stimulus Clinic was created in Alberta. Modifications to regular clinic space included lower visual and auditory input, access to longer appointment times and private clinic spaces, development of pre-appointment comfort plans, and offering of in-vehicle immunization. Between April 2021 and May 2022, 90% (641/712) of booked patients were successfully immunized. The top reasons for accessing the clinic included autism spectrum disorder (229/712, 32%), and needle fear/phobia (195/712, 27%). The Low-Stimulus Clinic had a high rate of successful vaccination for populations that may otherwise have been less likely to receive immunizations. Its workflows support the principles of choice, collaboration, and control in creating a positive immunization experience for patients and their families. Having such clinics widely available is a key step in reducing barriers to accessing vaccines for individuals with specific sensory needs.
有特殊感官需求的患者在接受免疫接种时可能会遇到障碍。因此,艾伯塔省设立了低刺激诊所。对常规诊所空间的改造包括降低视觉和听觉输入、延长预约时间和提供私人诊所空间、制定预约前舒适计划以及提供车内免疫接种。2021 年 4 月至 2022 年 5 月期间,90%(641/712)的预约患者成功接种了疫苗。就诊的首要原因包括自闭症谱系障碍(229/712,32%)和针头恐惧/害怕(195/712,27%)。低刺激门诊的疫苗接种成功率很高,否则这些人群可能不太可能接受免疫接种。其工作流程支持选择、协作和控制原则,为患者及其家属创造了积极的免疫接种体验。普及此类诊所是减少有特殊感官需求的个人获得疫苗的障碍的关键一步。
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引用次数: 0
The experience of youth on the waitlist for gender-affirming care in Manitoba 马尼托巴省等待性别确认护理的青少年的经历
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad087
Jennifer L Bhatla, Kristin James, Kaylen (Kay) A E Lamb, Chrystal Neault-Lount, Jennifer L P Protudjer, Shayne D Reitmeier, Megan Cooney, Brandy Wicklow
Objectives Waitlist times for adolescents to be seen for initial assessment for gender-affirming hormone therapy in Manitoba, Canada are often 2 years. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of waitlisted youth and to assess the impact of social work contact for accessing relevant resources. Methods A qualitative, semi-structured interview study was conducted. Youth aged 14 to 17 years on the provincial transgender clinic waitlist for 12 to 24 months for gender-affirming hormone therapy assessment and their caregivers were recruited. Eight youth and nine caregivers were interviewed. Separate interviews were conducted for youth and their caregivers. All interviews were virtual, recorded, and transcribed prior to thematic analysis. Results Three themes and eight subthemes were identified. Youth (n = 8) and caregivers (n = 9) described barriers to supported transition in the following three themes: (1) ‘In a Black Hole’: Describing the lack of communication, relevant resources, and mental health supports, (2) ‘Structural Transphobia’: A summary term outlining the attitudinal, technological, physical, and architectural barriers faced by the participants, and (3) ‘Manitoba: An Information Desert’: describing the systemic barriers faced including lack of knowledgeable providers and reliable information within the province. Conclusions Although delays in gender-affirming therapy were noted, youth socially transitioned and accessed existing resources. However, mental health concerns persisted, and participants felt frustrated and unsupported during their extensive wait times. Improved experiences may be achieved by additional communication from the clinic, hands-on assistance with accessing relevant resources, and an improved online presence.
目标 在加拿大马尼托巴省,青少年等待接受性别确认激素疗法初步评估的时间往往长达两年。本研究旨在了解候诊青少年的经历,并评估社工接触对获取相关资源的影响。研究方法 采用半结构式访谈的定性研究方法。研究招募了在省变性诊所等待 12 至 24 个月进行性别确认激素治疗评估的 14 至 17 岁青少年及其照顾者。八名青少年和九名照顾者接受了访谈。对青少年及其照顾者分别进行了访谈。在进行主题分析之前,对所有访谈进行了虚拟、录音和转录。结果 确定了三个主题和八个次主题。青少年(n = 8)和照顾者(n = 9)在以下三个主题中描述了支持过渡的障碍:(1)"黑洞":描述缺乏沟通、相关资源和心理健康支持,(2)"结构性跨性别恐惧症":概述参与者面临的态度、技术、物质和建筑障碍,以及 (3) "马尼托巴省:信息沙漠":描述该省面临的系统性障碍,包括缺乏知识丰富的提供者和可靠的信息。结论 尽管注意到性别确认治疗出现了延误,但青少年还是实现了社会转型并利用了现有资源。然而,心理健康问题依然存在,参与者在漫长的等待中感到沮丧和缺乏支持。如果诊所能够提供更多的沟通信息,在获取相关资源方面提供实际帮助,并改进在线服务,就能改善参与者的体验。
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引用次数: 0
Practical tips for the use of the Canadian milk ladder for paediatricians. 儿科医生使用加拿大奶梯的实用技巧。
IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-11-23 eCollection Date: 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad076
Sujen Saravanabavan, Julia Upton
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引用次数: 0
Coming in Hot: A quality improvement approach to improving care of febrile infants 热来了:一种质量改进方法来改善发热婴儿的护理
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxad070
Joel Gupta, Amy R Zipursky, Jonathan Pirie, Gabrielle Freire, Amir Karin, Mary Kathryn Bohn, Khosrow Adeli, Olivia Ostrow
Background and Objectives Significant practice variation exists in managing young infants with fever. Quality improvement strategies can aid in risk stratification and standardization of best care practices, along with a reduction of unnecessary interventions. The aim of this initiative was to safely reduce unnecessary admissions, antibiotics, and lumbar punctures (LPs) by 10% in low-risk, febrile infants aged 29 to 90 days presenting to the emergency department (ED) over a 12-month period. Methods Using the Model for Improvement, a multidisciplinary team developed a multipronged intervention: an updated clinical decision tool (CDT), procalcitonin (PCT) adoption, education, a feedback tool, and best practice advisory (BPA) banner. Outcome measures included the proportion of low-risk infants that were admitted, received antibiotics, and had LPs. Process measures were adherence to the CDT and percenta­ge of PCT ordered. Missed bacterial infections and return visits were balancing measures. The analysis was completed using descriptive statistics and statistical process control methods. Results Five hundred and sixteen patients less than 90 days of age were included in the study, with 403 patients in the 29- to 90-day old subset of primary interest. In the low-risk group, a reduction in hospital admissions from a mean of 24.1% to 12.0% and a reduction in antibiotics from a mean of 15.2% to 1.3% was achieved. The mean proportion of LPs performed decreased in the intervention period from 7.5% to 1.8%, but special cause variation was not detected. Adherence to the CDT increased from 70.4% to 90.9% and PCT was ordered in 92.3% of cases. The proportion of missed bacterial infections was 0.3% at baseline and 0.5% in the intervention period while return visits were 6.7% at baseline and 5.0% in the intervention period. Conclusions The implementation of a quality improvement strategy, including an updated evidence-based CDT for young infant fever incorporating PCT, safely reduced unnecessary care in low-risk, febrile infants aged 29 to 90 days in the ED. Purpose To develop and implement a multipronged improvement strategy including an evidence-based CDT utilizing PCT to maximize value of care delivered to well-appearing, febrile infants presenting to EDs.
背景与目的对婴幼儿发热的处理存在明显的实践差异。质量改进战略有助于风险分层和最佳护理做法标准化,同时减少不必要的干预措施。该倡议的目的是在12个月内安全地减少急诊(ED) 29至90天的低风险发热婴儿不必要的入院、抗生素和腰椎穿刺(lp) 10%。方法利用改进模型,一个多学科团队开发了多管齐下的干预措施:更新临床决策工具(CDT)、降钙素原(PCT)的采用、教育、反馈工具和最佳实践咨询(BPA)横幅。结果测量包括入院、接受抗生素治疗和lp治疗的低风险婴儿的比例。过程测量是CDT的依从性和PCT订购的百分比。漏诊细菌感染和复诊是平衡措施。采用描述性统计和统计过程控制方法进行分析。516名小于90天的患者被纳入研究,其中403名患者属于29至90天的主要兴趣子集。在低风险组中,住院率从平均24.1%减少到12.0%,抗生素使用从平均15.2%减少到1.3%。在干预期间,lp的平均比例从7.5%下降到1.8%,但没有发现特殊原因的变化。CDT的依从性从70.4%增加到90.9%,在92.3%的病例中安排了PCT。未检细菌感染的比例基线时为0.3%,干预期为0.5%,复诊率基线时为6.7%,干预期为5.0%。实施质量改进策略,包括更新的包含PCT的婴幼儿发热循证CDT,可以安全地减少29至90天急诊科低风险发热婴儿的不必要护理。目的制定和实施多管齐下的改进策略,包括利用PCT的循证CDT,以最大限度地提高对急诊科表现良好的发热婴儿的护理价值。
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引用次数: 0
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Paediatrics & child health
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