Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090761
Won-Jong Park, Gi-Sang Bae, Youn-Ho Han
The influenza A virus poses a serious threat to human health and is an important global public health issue. The drugs currently used for treatment are becoming increasingly ineffective against influenza A viruses and require the development of new antiviral drugs. Angelica tenuissima Nakai (ATN), a traditional herbal medicine belonging to the Umbelliferae family, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities, including inflammation, headache, and cold symptoms. In the present study, based on target protein identification, functional enrichment analysis, and gene set comparisons, we first suggested that ATN has potential therapeutic effects against influenza A virus infection. Next, methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and sulforhodamine B colorimetric (SRB) assay results revealed that ATN exhibited low cytotoxicity in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The antiviral properties of ATN were observed against H1N1 and H3N2 virus strains. Microscopy confirmed the increased survival rate of the host cells. Further time-of-addition experiments revealed that the addition of ATN before virus adsorption showed similar results to the whole period of treatment. The pre- and co-treated groups showed lower levels of viral RNA (M1 protein). The results of this study suggest that ATN exhibits antiviral properties against the influenza A virus. These therapeutic properties of ATN can serve as a theoretical basis for further research on the applicability of ATN in the development of antiviral agents.
{"title":"Antiviral Activity of Angelica Tenuissima Nakai against Influenza A Virus","authors":"Won-Jong Park, Gi-Sang Bae, Youn-Ho Han","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090761","url":null,"abstract":"The influenza A virus poses a serious threat to human health and is an important global public health issue. The drugs currently used for treatment are becoming increasingly ineffective against influenza A viruses and require the development of new antiviral drugs. Angelica tenuissima Nakai (ATN), a traditional herbal medicine belonging to the Umbelliferae family, exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities, including inflammation, headache, and cold symptoms. In the present study, based on target protein identification, functional enrichment analysis, and gene set comparisons, we first suggested that ATN has potential therapeutic effects against influenza A virus infection. Next, methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and sulforhodamine B colorimetric (SRB) assay results revealed that ATN exhibited low cytotoxicity in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The antiviral properties of ATN were observed against H1N1 and H3N2 virus strains. Microscopy confirmed the increased survival rate of the host cells. Further time-of-addition experiments revealed that the addition of ATN before virus adsorption showed similar results to the whole period of treatment. The pre- and co-treated groups showed lower levels of viral RNA (M1 protein). The results of this study suggest that ATN exhibits antiviral properties against the influenza A virus. These therapeutic properties of ATN can serve as a theoretical basis for further research on the applicability of ATN in the development of antiviral agents.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090756
Kirk Osmond Douglas, Karl Payne, Gilberto Sabino-Santos, Peter Chami, Troy Lorde
Climate change is no longer a hypothetical problem in the Caribbean but a new reality to which regional public health systems must adapt. One of its significant impacts is the increased transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, which is endemic in the region, and the presence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector responsible for transmitting the disease. (1) Methods: To assess the association between climatic factors and human dengue virus infections in the Caribbean, we conducted a systematic review of published studies on MEDLINE and Web of Science databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. (2) Results: In total, 153 papers were identified, with 27 studies selected that met the inclusion criteria ranging from the northern and southern Caribbean. Rainfall/precipitation and vapor pressure had a strong positive association with dengue incidence, whereas the evidence for the impact of temperatures was mixed. (3) Conclusions: The interaction between climate and human dengue disease in the Caribbean is complex and influenced by multiple factors, including waste management, infrastructure risks, land use changes, and challenged public health systems. Thus, more detailed research is necessary to understand the complexity of dengue within the wider Caribbean and achieve better dengue disease management.
气候变化在加勒比地区不再是一个假设的问题，而是区域公共卫生系统必须适应的新现实。其重大影响之一是传染病的传播增加，如该地区流行的登革热，以及传播该疾病的埃及伊蚊病媒的存在。(1) 方法：为了评估加勒比地区气候因素与人类登革热病毒感染之间的关系，我们根据系统综述和元分析首选报告项目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses，PRISMA）标准，对 MEDLINE 和 Web of Science 数据库中已发表的研究进行了系统综述。(2) 结果：共发现 153 篇论文，其中 27 项研究符合纳入标准，这些研究分布在加勒比海北部和南部。降雨量/降水量和蒸汽压与登革热发病率有很强的正相关性，而温度的影响则证据不一。(3) 结论：加勒比地区气候与人类登革热疾病之间的相互作用非常复杂，受到多种因素的影响，包括废物管理、基础设施风险、土地利用变化和公共卫生系统面临的挑战。因此，有必要进行更详细的研究，以了解大加勒比地区登革热的复杂性，并实现更好的登革热疾病管理。
{"title":"The Impact of Climate on Human Dengue Infections in the Caribbean","authors":"Kirk Osmond Douglas, Karl Payne, Gilberto Sabino-Santos, Peter Chami, Troy Lorde","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090756","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is no longer a hypothetical problem in the Caribbean but a new reality to which regional public health systems must adapt. One of its significant impacts is the increased transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, which is endemic in the region, and the presence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector responsible for transmitting the disease. (1) Methods: To assess the association between climatic factors and human dengue virus infections in the Caribbean, we conducted a systematic review of published studies on MEDLINE and Web of Science databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. (2) Results: In total, 153 papers were identified, with 27 studies selected that met the inclusion criteria ranging from the northern and southern Caribbean. Rainfall/precipitation and vapor pressure had a strong positive association with dengue incidence, whereas the evidence for the impact of temperatures was mixed. (3) Conclusions: The interaction between climate and human dengue disease in the Caribbean is complex and influenced by multiple factors, including waste management, infrastructure risks, land use changes, and challenged public health systems. Thus, more detailed research is necessary to understand the complexity of dengue within the wider Caribbean and achieve better dengue disease management.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090757
Kexiang Zhang, Ri De, Yanpeng Xu, Zhenzhi Han, Runan Zhu, Yu Sun, Liping Jia, Dongmei Chen, Yutong Zhou, Qi Guo, Yao Yao, Shuang Liu, Dong Qu, Yuan Qian, Linqing Zhao
Head-to-tail sequences have been reported in human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4. To reveal their features and functions, HBoV DNA was screened among respiratory specimens from pediatric patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) between April 2020 and December 2022, followed by HBoV genotyping. Head-to-tail sequences were detected using nested PCR, TA cloning, and Sanger sequencing, and these findings were confirmed by mNGS and amplicon sequencing. The secondary structure was predicted using the Mfold web server. The results indicated that head-to-tail sequences were detected in 42 specimens through TA cloning from 351 specimens positive for HBoV1 DNA, yielding 92 sequences into 32 types and 2 categories. Additionally, head-to-tail sequences were detected in 16 specimens by amplicon sequencing, yielding 60 sequences categorized into 23 types. The 374nt type, detected in 13 specimens, contains variants 374a and 374b, which differ in the unpaired loop regions of the palindrome or complementary reverse sequences, implying a switch of template chains during the replication process. The mNGS results in three specimens confirmed the presence of circular genome in copies below 1%. In conclusion, head-to-tail sequences of HBoV1 were common in children with ARI and were highly diverse in length and sequences. The variants may be generated by the switch of the template chain in the rolling-circle replication model.
{"title":"Diverse Head-to-Tail Sequences in the Circular Genome of Human Bocavirus Genotype 1 among Children with Acute Respiratory Infections Implied the Switch of Template Chain in the Rolling-Circle Replication Model","authors":"Kexiang Zhang, Ri De, Yanpeng Xu, Zhenzhi Han, Runan Zhu, Yu Sun, Liping Jia, Dongmei Chen, Yutong Zhou, Qi Guo, Yao Yao, Shuang Liu, Dong Qu, Yuan Qian, Linqing Zhao","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090757","url":null,"abstract":"Head-to-tail sequences have been reported in human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4. To reveal their features and functions, HBoV DNA was screened among respiratory specimens from pediatric patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) between April 2020 and December 2022, followed by HBoV genotyping. Head-to-tail sequences were detected using nested PCR, TA cloning, and Sanger sequencing, and these findings were confirmed by mNGS and amplicon sequencing. The secondary structure was predicted using the Mfold web server. The results indicated that head-to-tail sequences were detected in 42 specimens through TA cloning from 351 specimens positive for HBoV1 DNA, yielding 92 sequences into 32 types and 2 categories. Additionally, head-to-tail sequences were detected in 16 specimens by amplicon sequencing, yielding 60 sequences categorized into 23 types. The 374nt type, detected in 13 specimens, contains variants 374a and 374b, which differ in the unpaired loop regions of the palindrome or complementary reverse sequences, implying a switch of template chains during the replication process. The mNGS results in three specimens confirmed the presence of circular genome in copies below 1%. In conclusion, head-to-tail sequences of HBoV1 were common in children with ARI and were highly diverse in length and sequences. The variants may be generated by the switch of the template chain in the rolling-circle replication model.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090755
Matthew J. Pekarek, Eric A. Weaver
As respiratory pathogens, influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause a significant socioeconomic burden each year. Vaccine and antiviral development for influenza viruses has historically viewed IBVs as a secondary concern to influenza A viruses (IAVs) due to their lack of animal reservoirs compared to IAVs. However, prior to the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, the seasonal epidemics caused by IBVs were becoming less predictable and inducing more severe disease, especially in high-risk populations. Globally, researchers have begun to recognize the need for improved prevention strategies for IBVs as a primary concern. This review discusses what is known about IBV evolutionary patterns and the effect of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 on these patterns. We also analyze recent advancements in the development of novel vaccines tested against IBVs, highlighting the promise of computational vaccine design strategies when used to target both IBVs and IAVs and explain why these novel strategies can be employed to improve the effectiveness of IBV vaccines.
{"title":"Influenza B Virus Vaccine Innovation through Computational Design","authors":"Matthew J. Pekarek, Eric A. Weaver","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090755","url":null,"abstract":"As respiratory pathogens, influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause a significant socioeconomic burden each year. Vaccine and antiviral development for influenza viruses has historically viewed IBVs as a secondary concern to influenza A viruses (IAVs) due to their lack of animal reservoirs compared to IAVs. However, prior to the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, the seasonal epidemics caused by IBVs were becoming less predictable and inducing more severe disease, especially in high-risk populations. Globally, researchers have begun to recognize the need for improved prevention strategies for IBVs as a primary concern. This review discusses what is known about IBV evolutionary patterns and the effect of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 on these patterns. We also analyze recent advancements in the development of novel vaccines tested against IBVs, highlighting the promise of computational vaccine design strategies when used to target both IBVs and IAVs and explain why these novel strategies can be employed to improve the effectiveness of IBV vaccines.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick-borne infection caused by bacteria in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is increasingly prevalent on the Balkan Peninsula, including Bulgaria, where it is the most common tick-borne disease. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of LB across Bulgaria by analyzing 1892 serum samples for specific IgG antibodies using a two-tier testing protocol involving an ELISA and immunoblot methods. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence rate of 5.4%, with significant variation based on age, sex, and residence. Seroprevalence increased with age, peaking at 8.4% in individuals over 65 years. Males had a seroprevalence of 8.4% compared to 3.3% in females, and rural residents showed higher seroprevalence (10.2%) compared to urban residents (4.4%). Regional analysis indicated that seroprevalence ranged from 0.0% to 20.0%, with higher rates in northern provinces such as Gabrovo (18.9%) and Targovishte (20.0%). This study highlights the importance of two-step testing protocols for accurate diagnosis and underscores the need for increased awareness and further research to enhance public health measures and the management of LB in Bulgaria.
{"title":"Serological Assessment of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria: A Nationwide Study","authors":"Kim Ngoc, Iva Trifonova, Teodora Gladnishka, Evgenia Taseva, Elitsa Panayotova, Iva Vladimirova, Vladislava Ivanova, Eleonora Kuteva, Iva Christova","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090754","url":null,"abstract":"Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick-borne infection caused by bacteria in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is increasingly prevalent on the Balkan Peninsula, including Bulgaria, where it is the most common tick-borne disease. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of LB across Bulgaria by analyzing 1892 serum samples for specific IgG antibodies using a two-tier testing protocol involving an ELISA and immunoblot methods. The results revealed an overall seroprevalence rate of 5.4%, with significant variation based on age, sex, and residence. Seroprevalence increased with age, peaking at 8.4% in individuals over 65 years. Males had a seroprevalence of 8.4% compared to 3.3% in females, and rural residents showed higher seroprevalence (10.2%) compared to urban residents (4.4%). Regional analysis indicated that seroprevalence ranged from 0.0% to 20.0%, with higher rates in northern provinces such as Gabrovo (18.9%) and Targovishte (20.0%). This study highlights the importance of two-step testing protocols for accurate diagnosis and underscores the need for increased awareness and further research to enhance public health measures and the management of LB in Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090753
Ignacio Ferro, Walter Lopez, Flavia Cassinelli, Sara Aguirre, Griet A. E. Cuyckens, Sebastián Kehl, Daira Abán-Moreyra, Paola Castillo, Carla Bellomo, José Gil, Valeria P. Martinez
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an American emerging disease caused by the rodent-borne virus genus Orthohantavirus (Family: Hantaviridae: Order: Elliovirales Class: Bunyaviricetes). In Argentina, almost half of the HPS infections occur in the northwestern endemic region. In this study, we monitored rodent abundance during 2022 and 2023 in three sites with different sampling methods (removal trapping, live trapping and hunted rodents by domestic cats) to evaluate their relationship with human infections. We found a similar pattern of variation in rodent abundance across time, and particularly a synchronous rise of rodent abundance that anticipated an HPS outbreak in 2023. Our dynamic regression models revealed a positive relationship between HPS cases and rodent abundance with a three-month lag, as well as rainfall with an eight-month lag. Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns based on climatology and rodent monitoring. Domestic cats bringing rodents into houses can be an overlooked risk factor, particularly if viral shedding of infected rodents is magnified by stress. HPS is a disease of public health concern due to its high mortality rate, the lack of a specific therapeutic treatment and no vaccine. Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance.
{"title":"Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak Anticipation by a Rapid Synchronous Increase in Rodent Abundance in the Northwestern Argentina Endemic Region: Towards an Early Warning System for Disease Based on Climate and Rodent Surveillance Data","authors":"Ignacio Ferro, Walter Lopez, Flavia Cassinelli, Sara Aguirre, Griet A. E. Cuyckens, Sebastián Kehl, Daira Abán-Moreyra, Paola Castillo, Carla Bellomo, José Gil, Valeria P. Martinez","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090753","url":null,"abstract":"Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an American emerging disease caused by the rodent-borne virus genus Orthohantavirus (Family: Hantaviridae: Order: Elliovirales Class: Bunyaviricetes). In Argentina, almost half of the HPS infections occur in the northwestern endemic region. In this study, we monitored rodent abundance during 2022 and 2023 in three sites with different sampling methods (removal trapping, live trapping and hunted rodents by domestic cats) to evaluate their relationship with human infections. We found a similar pattern of variation in rodent abundance across time, and particularly a synchronous rise of rodent abundance that anticipated an HPS outbreak in 2023. Our dynamic regression models revealed a positive relationship between HPS cases and rodent abundance with a three-month lag, as well as rainfall with an eight-month lag. Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns based on climatology and rodent monitoring. Domestic cats bringing rodents into houses can be an overlooked risk factor, particularly if viral shedding of infected rodents is magnified by stress. HPS is a disease of public health concern due to its high mortality rate, the lack of a specific therapeutic treatment and no vaccine. Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apple scab, caused by the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis, can result in significant economic losses. The frequent use of fungicidal products has led to the emergence of isolates resistant to commonly used active substances. Therefore, biological control offers a sustainable alternative for managing apple scab. In this study, eight Trichoderma isolates were evaluated against five different isolates of V. inaequalis isolated from the Fes-Meknes region. The biocontrol potential of these Trichoderma isolates had previously been demonstrated against other pathogens. The results indicated that the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of V. inaequalis obtained with Trichoderma spp. isolates ranged from 50% to 81%, with significant differences observed among the pathogenic isolates after 5 and 12 days of incubation. In addition, the in vitro tests with Trichoderma cell-free filtrates showed inhibition rates ranging from 2% to 79%, while inhibition rates ranged from 5% to 78% for volatile compound tests. Interestingly, the inhibition of spore germination and elongation was approximately 40–50%, suggesting the involvement of antifungal metabolites in their biocontrol activities. The in vivo bioassay on detached apple leaves confirmed the biocontrol potential of these Trichoderma isolates and demonstrated their ability to preventively control apple scab disease. However, their efficacies were still lower than those of the fungicidal product difenoconazole. These findings could contribute to the development of an effective biofungicide based on these Trichoderma isolates for reliable and efficient apple scab control.
{"title":"Harnessing Trichoderma spp.: A Promising Approach to Control Apple Scab Disease","authors":"Safae Gouit, Ismahane Chair, Zineb Belabess, Ikram Legrifi, Khadija Goura, Abdessalem Tahiri, Abderrahim Lazraq, Rachid Lahlali","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090752","url":null,"abstract":"Apple scab, caused by the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis, can result in significant economic losses. The frequent use of fungicidal products has led to the emergence of isolates resistant to commonly used active substances. Therefore, biological control offers a sustainable alternative for managing apple scab. In this study, eight Trichoderma isolates were evaluated against five different isolates of V. inaequalis isolated from the Fes-Meknes region. The biocontrol potential of these Trichoderma isolates had previously been demonstrated against other pathogens. The results indicated that the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of V. inaequalis obtained with Trichoderma spp. isolates ranged from 50% to 81%, with significant differences observed among the pathogenic isolates after 5 and 12 days of incubation. In addition, the in vitro tests with Trichoderma cell-free filtrates showed inhibition rates ranging from 2% to 79%, while inhibition rates ranged from 5% to 78% for volatile compound tests. Interestingly, the inhibition of spore germination and elongation was approximately 40–50%, suggesting the involvement of antifungal metabolites in their biocontrol activities. The in vivo bioassay on detached apple leaves confirmed the biocontrol potential of these Trichoderma isolates and demonstrated their ability to preventively control apple scab disease. However, their efficacies were still lower than those of the fungicidal product difenoconazole. These findings could contribute to the development of an effective biofungicide based on these Trichoderma isolates for reliable and efficient apple scab control.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090751
Karen Giménez-Orenga, Eva Martín-Martínez, Elisa Oltra
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disorder classified by the WHO as postviral fatigue syndrome (ICD-11 8E49 code). Diagnosing ME/CFS, often overlapping with fibromyalgia (FM), is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and lack of biomarkers. The etiology of ME/CFS and FM is poorly understood, but evidence suggests viral infections play a critical role. This study employs microarray technology to quantitate viral RNA levels in immune cells from ME/CFS, FM, or co-diagnosed cases, and healthy controls. The results show significant overexpression of the Torque Teno Mini Virus 9 (TTMV9) in a subgroup of ME/CFS patients which correlate with abnormal HERV and immunological profiles. Increased levels of TTMV9 transcripts accurately discriminate this subgroup of ME/CFS patients from the other study groups, showcasing its potential as biomarker for patient stratification and the need for further research into its role in the disease. Validation of the findings seems granted in extended cohorts by continuation studies.
{"title":"Over-Representation of Torque Teno Mini Virus 9 in a Subgroup of Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study","authors":"Karen Giménez-Orenga, Eva Martín-Martínez, Elisa Oltra","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090751","url":null,"abstract":"Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disorder classified by the WHO as postviral fatigue syndrome (ICD-11 8E49 code). Diagnosing ME/CFS, often overlapping with fibromyalgia (FM), is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and lack of biomarkers. The etiology of ME/CFS and FM is poorly understood, but evidence suggests viral infections play a critical role. This study employs microarray technology to quantitate viral RNA levels in immune cells from ME/CFS, FM, or co-diagnosed cases, and healthy controls. The results show significant overexpression of the Torque Teno Mini Virus 9 (TTMV9) in a subgroup of ME/CFS patients which correlate with abnormal HERV and immunological profiles. Increased levels of TTMV9 transcripts accurately discriminate this subgroup of ME/CFS patients from the other study groups, showcasing its potential as biomarker for patient stratification and the need for further research into its role in the disease. Validation of the findings seems granted in extended cohorts by continuation studies.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090749
Renátó Kovács, Tamás Árokszállási, Aliz Bozó, Ágnes Jakab, Krisztina Szonja Bábel, Máté Héja, Kitti Bernadett Kovács, Bence Balázs, Eszter Vitális, László Majoros, Zoltán Tóth
Bilophila wadsworthia is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium. In current study, it was identified in the bloodstream of a 69-year-old man admitted to the Neurology Clinic at the University of Debrecen, Clinical Centre, Hungary, for internal carotid artery stent implantation. Bacteraemia caused by B. wadsworthia is extremely rare, with very few cases reported worldwide. This case is notable because it is the first instance in which whole-genome sequencing of B. wadsworthia derived from blood was performed. Moreover, the sequence data have been deposited in a public database.
Bilophila wadsworthia 是一种革兰氏阴性厌氧菌。本研究在匈牙利德布勒森大学临床中心神经病学诊所一名因颈内动脉支架植入而入院的 69 岁男子的血液中发现了这种细菌。由 B. wadsworthia 引起的菌血症极为罕见，全世界报告的病例寥寥无几。该病例之所以引人注目，是因为它是首次对来自血液的华支睾吸虫进行全基因组测序。此外，序列数据已存入公共数据库。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090745
Wei-An Tsai, Christopher A. Brosnan, Neena Mitter, Ralf G. Dietzgen
The orthotospovirus capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) is an important pathogen affecting capsicum plants. Elevated temperatures may affect disease progression and pose a potential challenge to capsicum production. To date, CaCV-resistant capsicum breeding lines have been established; however, the impact of an elevated temperature of 35 °C on this genetic resistance remains unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how high temperature (HT) influences the response of CaCV-resistant capsicum to the virus. Phenotypic analysis revealed a compromised resistance in capsicum plants grown at HT, with systemic necrotic spots appearing in 8 out of 14 CaCV-infected plants. Molecular analysis through next-generation sequencing identified 105 known and 83 novel microRNAs (miRNAs) in CaCV-resistant capsicum plants. Gene ontology revealed that phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolic processes, regulated by Can-miR408a and Can- miR397, are likely involved in elevated-temperature-mediated resistance-breaking responses. Additionally, real-time PCR validated an upregulation of Can-miR408a and Can-miR397 by CaCV infection at HT; however, only the Laccase 4 transcript, targeted by Can-miR397, showed a tendency of negative correlation with this miRNA. Overall, this study provides the first molecular insights into how elevated temperature affects CaCV resistance in capsicum plants and reveals the potential role of miRNA in temperature-sensitive tospovirus resistance.
{"title":"Involvement of MicroRNAs in the Hypersensitive Response of Capsicum Plants to the Capsicum Chlorosis Virus at Elevated Temperatures","authors":"Wei-An Tsai, Christopher A. Brosnan, Neena Mitter, Ralf G. Dietzgen","doi":"10.3390/pathogens13090745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090745","url":null,"abstract":"The orthotospovirus capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) is an important pathogen affecting capsicum plants. Elevated temperatures may affect disease progression and pose a potential challenge to capsicum production. To date, CaCV-resistant capsicum breeding lines have been established; however, the impact of an elevated temperature of 35 °C on this genetic resistance remains unexplored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how high temperature (HT) influences the response of CaCV-resistant capsicum to the virus. Phenotypic analysis revealed a compromised resistance in capsicum plants grown at HT, with systemic necrotic spots appearing in 8 out of 14 CaCV-infected plants. Molecular analysis through next-generation sequencing identified 105 known and 83 novel microRNAs (miRNAs) in CaCV-resistant capsicum plants. Gene ontology revealed that phenylpropanoid and lignin metabolic processes, regulated by Can-miR408a and Can- miR397, are likely involved in elevated-temperature-mediated resistance-breaking responses. Additionally, real-time PCR validated an upregulation of Can-miR408a and Can-miR397 by CaCV infection at HT; however, only the Laccase 4 transcript, targeted by Can-miR397, showed a tendency of negative correlation with this miRNA. Overall, this study provides the first molecular insights into how elevated temperature affects CaCV resistance in capsicum plants and reveals the potential role of miRNA in temperature-sensitive tospovirus resistance.","PeriodicalId":19758,"journal":{"name":"Pathogens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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