Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12354
M. Pakdaman, R. Askari, A. Dehghan, Saeedreza Pahlavanpoor, Alireza Nikafshan
Background: One of the most important tasks of health care managers is allocateing resources, controling them and ensuring their effective use when available. This study examines the consequences and costs of emergency services in Yazd in 2018. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study performed on patients of 11 centers in Yazd in 2018. The population of the city was approximately 750,000 in 2018 (1). Direct and indirect costs were extracted, and the consequences and costs of Yazd emergency in 2018 were calculated in riyal and Dollars. Results: This study showed that in 2018, out of 173154 contacts, 37988 cases led to the dispatch of an ambulance, and the response rate was 18 %. The rate of hospitalization was 52 %. The average time of dispatch in Yazd pre-hospital emergency department was (10:48) in 2018. Of the 59 high-risk patients who were transported to Yazd's pre-hospital emergency in 2018, 5 patients had successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation(discharge from the hospital). In other words, effectiveness and saving people from death was 8.4 %. Depreciation costs in the pre-hospital emergency department of Yazd in 2018 amounted to 65,061 Dollars (9,759,264,923 Rial). The cost of personnel salaries and benefits was 39669829 Dollars ( 59504743663 Rial). This amount was about 40 % of the total cost of the year for pre-hospital emergency in Yazd city. The average cost of each mission-dispatch was 25 Dollars (3775967 Rial). Conclusion: This study examines the consequences and costs of per hospital emergency department in Yazd in 2018. The high number of unnecessary calls to Yazd emergency department calls for the need to raise public awareness. Moreover, the lack of need to transfer half of these people to hospital requires training and retraining of telephone triage nurses.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Consequences and Costs of the Anglo-American System in the Pre-Hospital Emergency Department of Yazd in 2018","authors":"M. Pakdaman, R. Askari, A. Dehghan, Saeedreza Pahlavanpoor, Alireza Nikafshan","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12354","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most important tasks of health care managers is allocateing resources, controling them and ensuring their effective use when available. This study examines the consequences and costs of emergency services in Yazd in 2018. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study performed on patients of 11 centers in Yazd in 2018. The population of the city was approximately 750,000 in 2018 (1). Direct and indirect costs were extracted, and the consequences and costs of Yazd emergency in 2018 were calculated in riyal and Dollars. \u0000Results: This study showed that in 2018, out of 173154 contacts, 37988 cases led to the dispatch of an ambulance, and the response rate was 18 %. The rate of hospitalization was 52 %. The average time of dispatch in Yazd pre-hospital emergency department was (10:48) in 2018. Of the 59 high-risk patients who were transported to Yazd's pre-hospital emergency in 2018, 5 patients had successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation(discharge from the hospital). In other words, effectiveness and saving people from death was 8.4 %. Depreciation costs in the pre-hospital emergency department of Yazd in 2018 amounted to 65,061 Dollars (9,759,264,923 Rial). The cost of personnel salaries and benefits was 39669829 Dollars ( 59504743663 Rial). This amount was about 40 % of the total cost of the year for pre-hospital emergency in Yazd city. The average cost of each mission-dispatch was 25 Dollars (3775967 Rial). \u0000Conclusion: This study examines the consequences and costs of per hospital emergency department in Yazd in 2018. The high number of unnecessary calls to Yazd emergency department calls for the need to raise public awareness. Moreover, the lack of need to transfer half of these people to hospital requires training and retraining of telephone triage nurses.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"100 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120890219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12355
A. Zolfaghari, Mohsen Niazi, M. Vahedian
Background: Nurses constitute a large population of organizational workforce in the field of health. They experience a high level of job stress and workplace pressure. Therefore, paying attention to nurses’ health and reducing burnout, increase productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Relying on meta-analysis method, this study seeks to investigate the factors related to the general health of nurses and measure the effect of each factor. Methods: The method of this research is quantitative meta-analysis, which was carried out in the period of 2007-2017 with a sample size of 14 research documents. The statistical population of the study included all the studies conducted in Iran regarding the general health of nurses which have been published in scientific and research journals as IRANDOC, NORMAGS, and SID. The purposive sampling method was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as considering the validity and reliability of the research. Compliance with validity, reliability and quality of research; the existence of correlation coefficient, sample size and significant level of research has been the criteria for entering the research into the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2. Results: In this study, the lack of diffusion bias and homogeneity of the effect size were first confirmed. In terms of bias, most of the studies under review were sub-funnel, indicating no propagation error. Based on the results of the N-error-free test, 253 studies should be performed to question the results of the present study. The results of I2 also indicated that the research in this field was homogeneous. Based on the results of effect size, strengthening communication skills, followed by stress management group therapy, had the greatest role in improving the general health of nurses. Finally, it was found that the average effect size of various factors on the general health of nurses was 0.164. Conclusion: It can be concluded that strengthening communication skills among nurses has an important role in improving their general health followed by group therapy. Stress management has the next highest effect size and is one of the most important factors related to improving the health of nurses.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the General Health of Hospital Nurses in the Decade (2007-2017 in Iran): A Meta-Analysis Study","authors":"A. Zolfaghari, Mohsen Niazi, M. Vahedian","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12355","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nurses constitute a large population of organizational workforce in the field of health. They experience a high level of job stress and workplace pressure. Therefore, paying attention to nurses’ health and reducing burnout, increase productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Relying on meta-analysis method, this study seeks to investigate the factors related to the general health of nurses and measure the effect of each factor. \u0000Methods: The method of this research is quantitative meta-analysis, which was carried out in the period of 2007-2017 with a sample size of 14 research documents. The statistical population of the study included all the studies conducted in Iran regarding the general health of nurses which have been published in scientific and research journals as IRANDOC, NORMAGS, and SID. The purposive sampling method was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as considering the validity and reliability of the research. Compliance with validity, reliability and quality of research; the existence of correlation coefficient, sample size and significant level of research has been the criteria for entering the research into the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2. \u0000Results: In this study, the lack of diffusion bias and homogeneity of the effect size were first confirmed. In terms of bias, most of the studies under review were sub-funnel, indicating no propagation error. Based on the results of the N-error-free test, 253 studies should be performed to question the results of the present study. The results of I2 also indicated that the research in this field was homogeneous. Based on the results of effect size, strengthening communication skills, followed by stress management group therapy, had the greatest role in improving the general health of nurses. Finally, it was found that the average effect size of various factors on the general health of nurses was 0.164. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that strengthening communication skills among nurses has an important role in improving their general health followed by group therapy. Stress management has the next highest effect size and is one of the most important factors related to improving the health of nurses.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"65 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127388191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-04DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12351
Mohammad Alimoradnori, Asgar Aghaei Hashjin, Badrye Karami
Background: The retention of physicians' policy is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to achieve the goals of the health system and justice in access to health services. The aim of this study was policy analysis of retention of physicians in deprived areas and providing some recommendations for improvement of this plan. Methods: This was a qualitative study regarding policy which used Walt and Gilson's triangle framework and Kingdon's multiple streams. Data were collected using a deep semi-structured interview with 30 participants and a review of upstream laws and regulations. After that, all the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed. Then, data were analyzed through MAXQDA/12 and content analysis. Results: The findings of this study were categorized according to the policy context, content, and process, and actors who played a significant role in designing and implementing this policy. Conclusion: The policy of retaining physicians in rural areas requires the support of the majority of the country's political and health authorities, and providing infrastructure for health providers. This policy not only increases the quality of services, but also is effective in increasing the patients' access to healthcare services in deprived areas.
{"title":"Policy Analysis of Retention of Physicians in Deprived Areas in Iran Using a Framework of Policy Analysis Triangle","authors":"Mohammad Alimoradnori, Asgar Aghaei Hashjin, Badrye Karami","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v7i1.12351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The retention of physicians' policy is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to achieve the goals of the health system and justice in access to health services. The aim of this study was policy analysis of retention of physicians in deprived areas and providing some recommendations for improvement of this plan. \u0000Methods: This was a qualitative study regarding policy which used Walt and Gilson's triangle framework and Kingdon's multiple streams. Data were collected using a deep semi-structured interview with 30 participants and a review of upstream laws and regulations. After that, all the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed. Then, data were analyzed through MAXQDA/12 and content analysis. \u0000Results: The findings of this study were categorized according to the policy context, content, and process, and actors who played a significant role in designing and implementing this policy. \u0000Conclusion: The policy of retaining physicians in rural areas requires the support of the majority of the country's political and health authorities, and providing infrastructure for health providers. This policy not only increases the quality of services, but also is effective in increasing the patients' access to healthcare services in deprived areas.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115070583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11541
Seyed Mehdi Paknejad Rizi, F. Torabi, Hamideh Jafari Pavarsi
Background: Performance-based payment refers to an incentive-based payment to employees in terms of and beyond their job requirements at an extremely high quality. Therefore, this study aims to review the challenges of performance-based payment in the healthcare system. Methods: The study was carried out as a systematic review through searching databases, i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, for articles published without time limitation to September 30, 2020. The research articles regarding Performance-based payment in hospitals (n = 16) were examined. Results: Generally, challenges of performance-based payment were divided into four main categories and 17 subcategories, including service providers, payment and financing, quality of provided services, and infrastructure. The main themes and sub-themes were related to the lack of financial resources, discrimination between patients, and the designing of a comprehensive information system. Conclusion: Suitable implementation of performance-based payment methods in the healthcare system will improve quantitative and qualitative indicators of staff performance. Identifying the challenges and obstacles to the proper implementation of this plan will help health managers and policymakers design and implement remedial measures. It is to reduce the barriers and problems.
背景:绩效薪酬是指根据员工的工作要求，以极高的质量，给予员工超出其工作要求的、具有激励性的薪酬。因此，本研究旨在检讨绩效支付在医疗保健系统的挑战。方法:通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus等数据库，对截至2020年9月30日无时间限制的已发表文章进行系统综述。对医院绩效薪酬相关的研究文章(n = 16)进行分析。结果:总体而言，绩效支付面临的挑战分为服务提供者、支付与融资、提供的服务质量和基础设施四大类和17个子类。主要主题和次要主题与缺乏财政资源、患者歧视和综合信息系统的设计有关。结论:在医疗卫生系统中合理实施绩效支付，可以提高员工绩效的定量和定性指标。确定正确执行这一计划的挑战和障碍将有助于卫生管理人员和决策者设计和执行补救措施。这是为了减少障碍和问题。
{"title":"Challenges of Performance-Based Payment Methods in Health Care System: A Systematic Review","authors":"Seyed Mehdi Paknejad Rizi, F. Torabi, Hamideh Jafari Pavarsi","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11541","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Performance-based payment refers to an incentive-based payment to employees in terms of and beyond their job requirements at an extremely high quality. Therefore, this study aims to review the challenges of performance-based payment in the healthcare system. \u0000Methods: The study was carried out as a systematic review through searching databases, i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, for articles published without time limitation to September 30, 2020. The research articles regarding Performance-based payment in hospitals (n = 16) were examined. \u0000Results: Generally, challenges of performance-based payment were divided into four main categories and 17 subcategories, including service providers, payment and financing, quality of provided services, and infrastructure. The main themes and sub-themes were related to the lack of financial resources, discrimination between patients, and the designing of a comprehensive information system. \u0000Conclusion: Suitable implementation of performance-based payment methods in the healthcare system will improve quantitative and qualitative indicators of staff performance. Identifying the challenges and obstacles to the proper implementation of this plan will help health managers and policymakers design and implement remedial measures. It is to reduce the barriers and problems.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124111033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11540
H. Seyedin, M. Afshari, P. Isfahani, Ebrahim Hasanzadeh, Maryam Radinmanesh, Rasoul Corani Bahador
Background: Induced demand is a major challenge for health systems worldwide. It increases costs, especially for patients. The purpose of this study is to identify strategies for reducing induced demand for health care in hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2018. The authors conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, including IUMS faculty members, physicians, public hospital managers, patients, and researchers with academic and practical experience. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze data. Data analysis was performed in MAXQDA10. Results: Overall, the authors extracted 24 subthemes from the interviews and classified them into the health system, insurer, healthcare provider, and healthcare recipient. They are key factors regarding the induced demand for healthcare in the public hospitals under study. Conclusion: Reducing induced demand for healthcare requires concerted actions by health policymakers and managers at the level of the health system, insurers, healthcare providers, and healthcare recipients. Therefore, policymakers and managers of the health system should take appropriate measures such as the development of guidelines and protocols by different departments, especially the emergency department, classification (primary, secondary, and tertiary care), and referral system. They expand the monitoring role of insurance companies (transforming the payment system into the global diagnosis-related group) to reduce the induced demand for health.
{"title":"Strategies for Reducing Induced Demand in Hospitals Affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study","authors":"H. Seyedin, M. Afshari, P. Isfahani, Ebrahim Hasanzadeh, Maryam Radinmanesh, Rasoul Corani Bahador","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11540","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Induced demand is a major challenge for health systems worldwide. It increases costs, especially for patients. The purpose of this study is to identify strategies for reducing induced demand for health care in hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). \u0000Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2018. The authors conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, including IUMS faculty members, physicians, public hospital managers, patients, and researchers with academic and practical experience. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze data. Data analysis was performed in MAXQDA10. \u0000Results: Overall, the authors extracted 24 subthemes from the interviews and classified them into the health system, insurer, healthcare provider, and healthcare recipient. They are key factors regarding the induced demand for healthcare in the public hospitals under study. \u0000Conclusion: Reducing induced demand for healthcare requires concerted actions by health policymakers and managers at the level of the health system, insurers, healthcare providers, and healthcare recipients. Therefore, policymakers and managers of the health system should take appropriate measures such as the development of guidelines and protocols by different departments, especially the emergency department, classification (primary, secondary, and tertiary care), and referral system. They expand the monitoring role of insurance companies (transforming the payment system into the global diagnosis-related group) to reduce the induced demand for health. ","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126910845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11535
P. Isfahani, M. Afshari, Adnan Miri, Ehsan Shanavazi, Marzieh Arefy, J. Shahreki
Background: Successful implementation of strategic planning can can play an important role in improving the performance of organizations. This study aims to determine the success rate of strategic planning at a Medical Science University in Southeast Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study conducted at the Zabol University of Medical Science in southeast Iran in 2018. 168 top-level, middle-level, operational managers and employees were involved in the strategic planning process. They were randomly selected by stratified sampling method. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire and analyzed by proper statistical tests in SPSS19 software. Results: Strategic planning implementation was moderately successful at Zabol University of medical science ( score 2/99 out of 5). The highest success was observed for leadership and management, planning dimensions, and the least belonged to the domains of employees' management and organizational learning. Leadership and management, planning, and organizational culture constructs had the greatest effect on the success of strategic plans. Conclusion: The success rate of strategic planning at this university was average. Therefore, health managers and policymakers must take action for its successful implementation in universities.
{"title":"Success Rate of Strategic Planning: A Case Study of a Medical Science University in Southeast Iran","authors":"P. Isfahani, M. Afshari, Adnan Miri, Ehsan Shanavazi, Marzieh Arefy, J. Shahreki","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11535","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Successful implementation of strategic planning can can play an important role in improving the performance of organizations. This study aims to determine the success rate of strategic planning at a Medical Science University in Southeast Iran. \u0000Methods: This descriptive-analytical study conducted at the Zabol University of Medical Science in southeast Iran in 2018. 168 top-level, middle-level, operational managers and employees were involved in the strategic planning process. They were randomly selected by stratified sampling method. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire and analyzed by proper statistical tests in SPSS19 software. \u0000Results: Strategic planning implementation was moderately successful at Zabol University of medical science ( score 2/99 out of 5). The highest success was observed for leadership and management, planning dimensions, and the least belonged to the domains of employees' management and organizational learning. Leadership and management, planning, and organizational culture constructs had the greatest effect on the success of strategic plans. \u0000Conclusion: The success rate of strategic planning at this university was average. Therefore, health managers and policymakers must take action for its successful implementation in universities. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124665812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11534
S. Emamgholipour, Shahab Parvizi
The Article Abstract is not available.
文章摘要不可用。
{"title":"Factors Affecting Mortality Rate Regarding Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"S. Emamgholipour, Shahab Parvizi","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11534","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127257426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11537
A. Masoud, R. Dehnavieh, V. Y. Feyzabadi, Sara Poursheikhali, Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Mina Ghasemi Moghadam, Mohammad Kazemi
Background: The prevalence of COVID-19 has had a devastating economic impact on countries, leading to reduction of many jobs. Earlier, the advent of technology and robotics had been the source of much concern and analysis about the future of jobs. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence and development of technology and robots on jobs and compare them with each other. Methods: The present study was conducted qualitatively. Data collection was done by holding two expert panels. The experts were purposefully selected from different universities in Iran. Findings from the expert panel were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Erlingsson's approach was used for content analysis. Results: The effects of the advent of technology and robots and the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on jobs were examined from seven aspects, including economic, social, political, the impact on developed and developing countries, health, education, and workforce skills. The effects of the advent of technology and robots on jobs can vary depending on the two scenarios of interaction or substitution. The effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on jobs can also be in line with different scenarios with the emergence of technology and robots in some respects. Conclusion: The possible conformity of economic and social systems in gradual changes faces fewer challenges, while conditions like pandemics have few opportunities to adapt to new situations. Increasing flexibility with a preemptive approach and not just based on the existing scenarios are necessary to deal with these situations.
{"title":"The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic and the Development of Technology and Robots on Jobs","authors":"A. Masoud, R. Dehnavieh, V. Y. Feyzabadi, Sara Poursheikhali, Somayeh Noori Hekmat, Mina Ghasemi Moghadam, Mohammad Kazemi","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11537","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of COVID-19 has had a devastating economic impact on countries, leading to reduction of many jobs. Earlier, the advent of technology and robotics had been the source of much concern and analysis about the future of jobs. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence and development of technology and robots on jobs and compare them with each other. \u0000Methods: The present study was conducted qualitatively. Data collection was done by holding two expert panels. The experts were purposefully selected from different universities in Iran. Findings from the expert panel were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Erlingsson's approach was used for content analysis. \u0000Results: The effects of the advent of technology and robots and the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on jobs were examined from seven aspects, including economic, social, political, the impact on developed and developing countries, health, education, and workforce skills. The effects of the advent of technology and robots on jobs can vary depending on the two scenarios of interaction or substitution. The effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on jobs can also be in line with different scenarios with the emergence of technology and robots in some respects. \u0000Conclusion: The possible conformity of economic and social systems in gradual changes faces fewer challenges, while conditions like pandemics have few opportunities to adapt to new situations. Increasing flexibility with a preemptive approach and not just based on the existing scenarios are necessary to deal with these situations.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123437434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11539
H. Izadi
Background: In order to assess households' socioeconomic level in society, policymakers and government planners pay close attention to families' access to health services. They calculate the percentage of a household's bundle of consumer goods and services. In this regard, the current study examines and analyzes the household's behavior as a result of the government's policies in changing and determining the share of the household's health expenses from its total consumption expenses. This is to ensure that society is kept at a minimum level of health. Methods: In order to accurately execute health policies and change household behavior, this research studies the share and access of Iranian households to health products and services. The author used a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model through quarterly data from 1997 to 2020. Results: Findings show that as this share increased, other items' consumption and utility decreased, which ultimately led to a fall in society's total utility according to the definition that utility is a term used as a measure of pleasure or happiness resulting from consuming goods and services. Conclusion: The government and policymakers need to bear some of health expenditures and provide financial support to households until it reaches the desired level. This is to prevent a significant decrease in the level of total utility in society. This decrease is brought on by people's dissatisfaction with spending a larger portion of their expenses on health goods and services.
{"title":"The Effects of Policy Change Regarding Health Expenditures on Households Behavior","authors":"H. Izadi","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11539","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to assess households' socioeconomic level in society, policymakers and government planners pay close attention to families' access to health services. They calculate the percentage of a household's bundle of consumer goods and services. In this regard, the current study examines and analyzes the household's behavior as a result of the government's policies in changing and determining the share of the household's health expenses from its total consumption expenses. This is to ensure that society is kept at a minimum level of health. \u0000Methods: In order to accurately execute health policies and change household behavior, this research studies the share and access of Iranian households to health products and services. The author used a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model through quarterly data from 1997 to 2020. \u0000Results: Findings show that as this share increased, other items' consumption and utility decreased, which ultimately led to a fall in society's total utility according to the definition that utility is a term used as a measure of pleasure or happiness resulting from consuming goods and services. \u0000Conclusion: The government and policymakers need to bear some of health expenditures and provide financial support to households until it reaches the desired level. This is to prevent a significant decrease in the level of total utility in society. This decrease is brought on by people's dissatisfaction with spending a larger portion of their expenses on health goods and services.","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126437108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11538
Roya Rajaee, S. Marzban, Ehsan Zarei
Background: Outsourcing is the strategy of reducing expenses and improving organizational quality whose evaluation in healthcare organizations is of special importance. This study aims to investigate the status of outsourced pharmacies of Alborz University of Medical Sciences based on personnel perspectives and available documentation. Methods: This was a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in outsourced pharmacies of 10 teaching hospitals of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Expenses, revenues and working time were derived from the hospitals’ information centers and the documents. 128 relevant officials were selected by census to investigate the views of managers and authorities of clinical wards on outsourcing. Authors analyzed data using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square test through SPSS22 software. All cost was converted to US dollar by using the average exchange rate in 2019 (1USD=110.000IR). Results: The average satisfaction of managers and staff with outsourcing pharmacies were 4.20 (82 %) and 4.45 (80 %) out of 5. The highest level belonged to medicine expiration date with the average of 4.64, and the lowest score was related to medicinal status at the time of delivery with the average of 4. Consumption expenses for a bed in outsourced pharmacies regarding all the hospitals were 123 $, and the profitability of the pharmacy for one bed was134 $ (5.540.900 Riyals). Conclusion: Based on the results, the following components had a relatively proper quality and an acceptable quality in all the respects of the staff’s view regarding the conditions in the pharmacies. They can be inferred as the most salient characteristics of the present study in investigating the quality of outsourcing the pharmacies of the teaching hospitals in Alborz medical sciences. The important components include: The time spent by executive managers of the pharmacy’s affairs, decrease of the manager’s workload, improvement of management, increase in management’s satisfaction in the organization and etc.
{"title":"Evaluating Conditions of Outsourced Pharmacies in Teaching Hospitals of Alborz University of Medical Sciences: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Roya Rajaee, S. Marzban, Ehsan Zarei","doi":"10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jebhpme.v6i4.11538","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Outsourcing is the strategy of reducing expenses and improving organizational quality whose evaluation in healthcare organizations is of special importance. This study aims to investigate the status of outsourced pharmacies of Alborz University of Medical Sciences based on personnel perspectives and available documentation. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in outsourced pharmacies of 10 teaching hospitals of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Expenses, revenues and working time were derived from the hospitals’ information centers and the documents. 128 relevant officials were selected by census to investigate the views of managers and authorities of clinical wards on outsourcing. Authors analyzed data using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square test through SPSS22 software. All cost was converted to US dollar by using the average exchange rate in 2019 (1USD=110.000IR). \u0000Results: The average satisfaction of managers and staff with outsourcing pharmacies were 4.20 (82 %) and 4.45 (80 %) out of 5. The highest level belonged to medicine expiration date with the average of 4.64, and the lowest score was related to medicinal status at the time of delivery with the average of 4. Consumption expenses for a bed in outsourced pharmacies regarding all the hospitals were 123 $, and the profitability of the pharmacy for one bed was134 $ (5.540.900 Riyals). \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results, the following components had a relatively proper quality and an acceptable quality in all the respects of the staff’s view regarding the conditions in the pharmacies. They can be inferred as the most salient characteristics of the present study in investigating the quality of outsourcing the pharmacies of the teaching hospitals in Alborz medical sciences. The important components include: The time spent by executive managers of the pharmacy’s affairs, decrease of the manager’s workload, improvement of management, increase in management’s satisfaction in the organization and etc. ","PeriodicalId":198049,"journal":{"name":"Evidence Based Health Policy, Management and Economics","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115226683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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