Leonor Ferreira, M. L. Sousa, T. Ribeiro, J. Morais, Abel M. Forero, R. Castelo-Branco, P. Leão, M. Preto, R. Urbatzka, Nikoletta Szemerédi, G. Spengler, C. Jiménez, Jaime Rodríguez, Vítor Vasconcelos, Mariana A. Reis
{"title":"Uncovering the Cyanobacterial Chemical Diversity: The Search for Novel Anticancer Compounds","authors":"Leonor Ferreira, M. L. Sousa, T. Ribeiro, J. Morais, Abel M. Forero, R. Castelo-Branco, P. Leão, M. Preto, R. Urbatzka, Nikoletta Szemerédi, G. Spengler, C. Jiménez, Jaime Rodríguez, Vítor Vasconcelos, Mariana A. Reis","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134114156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. López-Orozco, Jesús Chacón, E. Perona, S. Cirés, A. Quesada, E. Besada-Portas
{"title":"IA-GES-BLOOM-CM: Towards a Comprehensive Warning and Management System for Cyanobacterial Blooms","authors":"J. A. López-Orozco, Jesús Chacón, E. Perona, S. Cirés, A. Quesada, E. Besada-Portas","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132780715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"30 Years of a Collection of Cyanobacterial and Microalgae Cultures: LEGE-CC and Its Contributions to Cyanobacterial Ecotoxicology and Biotechnology","authors":"Vítor Vasconcelos","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131358149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Pompêo, V. Moschini-Carlos, M. Bitencourt, X. Sòria-Perpinyà, E. Vicente, J. Delegido
: Satellite images were used to assess surface water quality based on the concentration of chlorophyll a (chla), light penetration measured by the Secchi disk method (SD), and the Cyanobacteria cells number per mL (cyano). Nine reservoirs are studied in S ã o Paulo State (Brazil); six reservoirs are interconnected, comprising the Cantareira System (CS), and three others are isolated, the Broa, Salto Grande (SG) and Itupararanga (Itu) Reservoirs. For this study, Sentinel-2 images were employed, alongside SNAP image processing software, and the native products conc_chl and kd_z90max, treated using Case 2 Regional Coast Color (C2RCC) atmospheric correction. The database for chla, SD and cyano was obtained from CETESB, the agency legally responsible for operation of the Inland Water Quality Monitoring Network in S ã o Paulo State. For CS, the results demonstrated robustness in the estimates of chla (RMSE = 3.73; NRMSE% = 19%) and SD (RMSE = 2,26; NRMSE% = 14%). Due to the strong relationship between cyano and chla (R 2 = 0.84, p < 0.01, n = 90), both obtained from field measurements, it was also possible to estimate cyano, based on the estimates of chla from the satellite images. For CS, the estimates revealed a clear pattern, with the upstream reservoirs being more eutrophic, compared to those downstream, particularly due to the high cyano. For Broa, a high corre-lation was also observed between chla and cyano (R 2 = 0.6052, RNMSE% = 27, n = 8). Based on the estimates, Broa showed a eutrophic pattern in practically the entire year of 2020, with a predominance of cyanobacteria in the entire water body (from 10,000 to 20,000 cells/mL). For SG, it was possible to observe robustness only for DS, but not for chla. The restricted database available was considered the main explanatory factor for the low robustness observed for (SG), despite the relationships between the field data. For Itu, the C2RCC-Nets demonstrated robustness in the estimates of Chla (RMSE = 4.0 mg/m 3 ; NRMSE = 16.7%) and SD (RMSE = 0.78 m; NRMSE = 19.1%). Despite the good fit of the allometric relationship relating the Chla and Cyano field data, it did not allow validation of the cyano estimates using the conc_chl native S2 product, for Itu. Thus, it is concluded that automatic products are excellent tools for estimating chla and SD, and as a result of the solid relationships between chla and cyano, it is possible to estimate the cyano and observe spatial heterogeneity in water quality, based on SD, cyano, and chla.
{"title":"Water Quality Assessment Using Sentinel-2 Imagery Estimating Chlorophyll A, Secchi Disk Depth, and Cyanobacteria Cell Number in Brazilian Reservoirs","authors":"M. Pompêo, V. Moschini-Carlos, M. Bitencourt, X. Sòria-Perpinyà, E. Vicente, J. Delegido","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014047","url":null,"abstract":": Satellite images were used to assess surface water quality based on the concentration of chlorophyll a (chla), light penetration measured by the Secchi disk method (SD), and the Cyanobacteria cells number per mL (cyano). Nine reservoirs are studied in S ã o Paulo State (Brazil); six reservoirs are interconnected, comprising the Cantareira System (CS), and three others are isolated, the Broa, Salto Grande (SG) and Itupararanga (Itu) Reservoirs. For this study, Sentinel-2 images were employed, alongside SNAP image processing software, and the native products conc_chl and kd_z90max, treated using Case 2 Regional Coast Color (C2RCC) atmospheric correction. The database for chla, SD and cyano was obtained from CETESB, the agency legally responsible for operation of the Inland Water Quality Monitoring Network in S ã o Paulo State. For CS, the results demonstrated robustness in the estimates of chla (RMSE = 3.73; NRMSE% = 19%) and SD (RMSE = 2,26; NRMSE% = 14%). Due to the strong relationship between cyano and chla (R 2 = 0.84, p < 0.01, n = 90), both obtained from field measurements, it was also possible to estimate cyano, based on the estimates of chla from the satellite images. For CS, the estimates revealed a clear pattern, with the upstream reservoirs being more eutrophic, compared to those downstream, particularly due to the high cyano. For Broa, a high corre-lation was also observed between chla and cyano (R 2 = 0.6052, RNMSE% = 27, n = 8). Based on the estimates, Broa showed a eutrophic pattern in practically the entire year of 2020, with a predominance of cyanobacteria in the entire water body (from 10,000 to 20,000 cells/mL). For SG, it was possible to observe robustness only for DS, but not for chla. The restricted database available was considered the main explanatory factor for the low robustness observed for (SG), despite the relationships between the field data. For Itu, the C2RCC-Nets demonstrated robustness in the estimates of Chla (RMSE = 4.0 mg/m 3 ; NRMSE = 16.7%) and SD (RMSE = 0.78 m; NRMSE = 19.1%). Despite the good fit of the allometric relationship relating the Chla and Cyano field data, it did not allow validation of the cyano estimates using the conc_chl native S2 product, for Itu. Thus, it is concluded that automatic products are excellent tools for estimating chla and SD, and as a result of the solid relationships between chla and cyano, it is possible to estimate the cyano and observe spatial heterogeneity in water quality, based on SD, cyano, and chla.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131145691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonor Ferreira, J. Morais, Vítor Vasconcelos, Mariana A. Reis
: One of the top causes of worldwide mortality is cancer. In many cases, the effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy is hampered given the emergence of drug resistance alongside a wide range of unwanted side effects. To overcome this, it is essential to search for new drugs that can lead to a more successful cancer treatment. Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes known to produce bioactive metabolites, with various interesting biotechnological applications. Currently, four FDA (food and drug administration)-approved anticancer drugs derived from a cyanobacterial metabolite are used in the clinical setting. CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research) hosts LEGE-CC (Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection), a collection of over 700 strains of cyanobacteria with underexplored biotechnological potential. To uncover it, a new method to quicken the discovery of bioactive metabolites was recently developed, leading to the creation of a library of cyanobacterial fractions, readily available for bioactivity assays. In this work, we will present the results of the cytotoxic screening that led to the selection of one strain that decreased cell viability to 10%. This strain, isolated from an environmental sample collected at Cape Verde and identified as Leptothoe sp., was then selected for bioactivity-guided fractionation aided by LC–MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Using numerous chromatography techniques, two macrolide-type compounds were isolated: the previously reported phormidolide as well as a new derivative. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and the cytotoxicity was measured against HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cells. A potent cytotoxic activity was observed for the new compound. These interesting results are important for developing new anticancer drugs from cyanobacteria, so more work is being developed to isolate new derivatives.
{"title":"Discovery of a Novel Potent Cytotoxic Compound from Leptothoe sp.","authors":"Leonor Ferreira, J. Morais, Vítor Vasconcelos, Mariana A. Reis","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014046","url":null,"abstract":": One of the top causes of worldwide mortality is cancer. In many cases, the effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy is hampered given the emergence of drug resistance alongside a wide range of unwanted side effects. To overcome this, it is essential to search for new drugs that can lead to a more successful cancer treatment. Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes known to produce bioactive metabolites, with various interesting biotechnological applications. Currently, four FDA (food and drug administration)-approved anticancer drugs derived from a cyanobacterial metabolite are used in the clinical setting. CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research) hosts LEGE-CC (Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection), a collection of over 700 strains of cyanobacteria with underexplored biotechnological potential. To uncover it, a new method to quicken the discovery of bioactive metabolites was recently developed, leading to the creation of a library of cyanobacterial fractions, readily available for bioactivity assays. In this work, we will present the results of the cytotoxic screening that led to the selection of one strain that decreased cell viability to 10%. This strain, isolated from an environmental sample collected at Cape Verde and identified as Leptothoe sp., was then selected for bioactivity-guided fractionation aided by LC–MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Using numerous chromatography techniques, two macrolide-type compounds were isolated: the previously reported phormidolide as well as a new derivative. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and the cytotoxicity was measured against HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cells. A potent cytotoxic activity was observed for the new compound. These interesting results are important for developing new anticancer drugs from cyanobacteria, so more work is being developed to isolate new derivatives.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fonseca, Javier Sanz Moxó, V. Vasconcelos, Mariana A. Reis, R. Urbatzka
: Higher food intake promotes obesity, a critical public health challenge with increasing prevalence worldwide. Selective modulators of appetite can be applied as therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, currently the appetite suppressant drugs trigger severe side effects, such as anxiety and depression. For that reason, there is a priority to discover new pharmaceuticals. In this study, a library of 117 cyanobacterial fractions from marine and freshwater environments belonging to The Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC) of CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research) were screened for their ability to interfere in the food intake behavior of zebrafish larvae—a whole small animal model. Two different bioassays were performed for appetite-reducing activity, using fluorescent stained liposomes (passive food intake) or Paramecia bursaria (active food intake). Three cyanobacterial fractions from the order Nostocales, Chroococcidiopsidales and Pleurocapsales expressed appetite-suppression bioactivity in the liposomes assay, while three different fractions from the order Synechococcales, Oscilatoriales and Nostocales significantly reduced the appetite in the Paramecium assay. To highlight putatively associated metabolites for the bioactivities, dereplication by metabolomics approaches (LC-MS/MS) was performed, as well as a bioactivity-guided feature-based molecular networking using GNPS, and four compounds were positively correlated to the bioactivity. No matches were found in any database for these molecules, indicating putatively new compounds. Molecular analyses are currently ongoing to discover the involved genes that regulate the passive and active food intake in zebrafish larvae, and consequently uncover the mechanisms of action.
{"title":"Exploring the Appetite Inhibition Potential of Bioactive Metabolites from Cyanobacterial Strains","authors":"A. Fonseca, Javier Sanz Moxó, V. Vasconcelos, Mariana A. Reis, R. Urbatzka","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014044","url":null,"abstract":": Higher food intake promotes obesity, a critical public health challenge with increasing prevalence worldwide. Selective modulators of appetite can be applied as therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, currently the appetite suppressant drugs trigger severe side effects, such as anxiety and depression. For that reason, there is a priority to discover new pharmaceuticals. In this study, a library of 117 cyanobacterial fractions from marine and freshwater environments belonging to The Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC) of CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research) were screened for their ability to interfere in the food intake behavior of zebrafish larvae—a whole small animal model. Two different bioassays were performed for appetite-reducing activity, using fluorescent stained liposomes (passive food intake) or Paramecia bursaria (active food intake). Three cyanobacterial fractions from the order Nostocales, Chroococcidiopsidales and Pleurocapsales expressed appetite-suppression bioactivity in the liposomes assay, while three different fractions from the order Synechococcales, Oscilatoriales and Nostocales significantly reduced the appetite in the Paramecium assay. To highlight putatively associated metabolites for the bioactivities, dereplication by metabolomics approaches (LC-MS/MS) was performed, as well as a bioactivity-guided feature-based molecular networking using GNPS, and four compounds were positively correlated to the bioactivity. No matches were found in any database for these molecules, indicating putatively new compounds. Molecular analyses are currently ongoing to discover the involved genes that regulate the passive and active food intake in zebrafish larvae, and consequently uncover the mechanisms of action.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126871811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. del Olmo-Iruela, M. Aparicio-Muriana, Francisco J. Lara, A. García-Campaña
: Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which are believed to be one of the oldest life forms on Earth. They live in a wide range of ecosystems and withstand extreme environmental conditions. An important proportion of cyanobacteria is known to be producers of harmful cyanotoxins, which are toxic secondary metabolites that can impact the ecosystem and human health. The oral route is one of the main ways whereby humans can be exposed to cyanotoxins. Therefore, the consumption of contaminated algae-based food supplements is becoming more relevant due to its upsurge, which underlines the importance of controlling these toxins in this kind of products. This work describes the simultaneous determination of seven cyanotoxins belonging to three different classes: the cyclic peptides microcystin-LR (MC-LR), microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and nodularin (NOD); the alkaloid anatoxin-a (ANA) and three non-protein amino acids isomers β -methylamine-L-alanine (BMAA), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG). These have been determined in spirulina-derived food supplements using a novel solid–liquid extraction coupled with a solid phase extraction procedure for clean up and preconcentration (SLE-tandem-SPE) and analysis by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HILIC-MS/MS). A SeQuant®Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) column (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was employed to achieve the chromatographic separation in less than 12 min using water and acetonitrile, both acidified with 0.3% of formic acid, as mobile phase. Previously, an SLE was developed, using 4 mL of aqueous 5% formic acid to extract the most polar compounds, followed by 4 mL of 80% MeOH. Both extracts were combined and submitted to a tandem-SPE using mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) and Strata-X cartridges. Elution from both cartridges was performed using 10% NH 3 · H 2 O in MeOH. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recoveries, matrix effect and repeatability and intermediate precision. LOQs in the range of 50–300 µ g · kg − 1 and recoveries ranging between 64.2% and 102.9% with an associated relative standard deviation < 19.2% were achieved. Satisfactory precision was obtained with RSD values lower than 19.6% in all cases, with the exception of BMAA, which reported the highest RSD values, reaching 25.1%. The method was satisfactorily applied to determine the occurrence of cyanotoxins in blue green algae (BGA) dietary supplements. DAB was the most frequently detected cyanotoxin, at concentrations up to 2408 µ g · kg − 1 , and AEG was found in few samples at concentrations up to 194 µ g · kg − 1 . However, MC-LR and MC-RR were found in one sample at concentration levels higher than 5 mg · kg − 1 , which underlines the need to control these substances in these matrices.
{"title":"Determination of Multiclass Cyanotoxins in Spirulina-Based Dietary Supplements Using a SLE-Tandem-SPE Procedure Followed by HILIC-MS/MS","authors":"M. del Olmo-Iruela, M. Aparicio-Muriana, Francisco J. Lara, A. García-Campaña","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014042","url":null,"abstract":": Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which are believed to be one of the oldest life forms on Earth. They live in a wide range of ecosystems and withstand extreme environmental conditions. An important proportion of cyanobacteria is known to be producers of harmful cyanotoxins, which are toxic secondary metabolites that can impact the ecosystem and human health. The oral route is one of the main ways whereby humans can be exposed to cyanotoxins. Therefore, the consumption of contaminated algae-based food supplements is becoming more relevant due to its upsurge, which underlines the importance of controlling these toxins in this kind of products. This work describes the simultaneous determination of seven cyanotoxins belonging to three different classes: the cyclic peptides microcystin-LR (MC-LR), microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and nodularin (NOD); the alkaloid anatoxin-a (ANA) and three non-protein amino acids isomers β -methylamine-L-alanine (BMAA), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG). These have been determined in spirulina-derived food supplements using a novel solid–liquid extraction coupled with a solid phase extraction procedure for clean up and preconcentration (SLE-tandem-SPE) and analysis by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HILIC-MS/MS). A SeQuant®Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) column (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was employed to achieve the chromatographic separation in less than 12 min using water and acetonitrile, both acidified with 0.3% of formic acid, as mobile phase. Previously, an SLE was developed, using 4 mL of aqueous 5% formic acid to extract the most polar compounds, followed by 4 mL of 80% MeOH. Both extracts were combined and submitted to a tandem-SPE using mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) and Strata-X cartridges. Elution from both cartridges was performed using 10% NH 3 · H 2 O in MeOH. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recoveries, matrix effect and repeatability and intermediate precision. LOQs in the range of 50–300 µ g · kg − 1 and recoveries ranging between 64.2% and 102.9% with an associated relative standard deviation < 19.2% were achieved. Satisfactory precision was obtained with RSD values lower than 19.6% in all cases, with the exception of BMAA, which reported the highest RSD values, reaching 25.1%. The method was satisfactorily applied to determine the occurrence of cyanotoxins in blue green algae (BGA) dietary supplements. DAB was the most frequently detected cyanotoxin, at concentrations up to 2408 µ g · kg − 1 , and AEG was found in few samples at concentrations up to 194 µ g · kg − 1 . However, MC-LR and MC-RR were found in one sample at concentration levels higher than 5 mg · kg − 1 , which underlines the need to control these substances in these matrices.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131895239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. López-Orozco, Gonzalo Carazo-Barbero, L. García-Pérez, J. Girón-Sierra, E. Besada-Portas
: The automation revolution provides access to robotized water-surface vehicles, which support behaviors of different autonomy and intelligence levels, ranging from those achieved by Remotely Piloted Surface Vehicle (RPSV) to those supported by Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) and Intelligent ASVs (IASVs). In short, the staff in charge of the RPSVs makes all the decisions and drives them from the shore, while ASVs and IASVs can take control of the situation and move themselves autonomously. Equipped with probes, all of them can be used to collect information about physical parameters and substances, and therefore to monitor water bodies where there is a high probability of Cyanobacteria Blooms (CBs). These vehicles are especially useful for this purpose, as CBs are dynamic biological processes that can occur inside many locations of the water body and become only visible when they emerge into the water surface. In addition, as they produce toxic metabolites that threaten the life of multiple species and limit the recreational use and human consumption of water, the authorities should anticipate their evolution or detect them as soon as possible to minimize the exposure of the population and animals to their harmful effects. Early warning systems in use today cannot capture the temporal-space evolution of CBs, because their fixed probes do not provide information from any Point of Interest (POI) of the water body. In addition, taking personnel to the POIs with boats is an expensive impractical solution to frequently monitor enough water-body locations in order to understand the current state of the CB. An alternative solution consists of: (1) frequently sending the ASVs on their own to any POI of the water body, (2) making them systematically explore Regions of Interest (ROIs), or (3) asking them to intelligently search for relevant information within the water body. In the third option, IASV displacements can adapt themselves to different circumstances, such as the information provided by simulators of the CBs evolution, by the IASVs onboard sensors, or by both. Finally, the diurnal vertical cyanobacteria displacements in the water column can be investigated by attaching the probe to an automatic winch that can also be remotely, automatically or intelligently controlled to be able to explore the water body in its third dimension. During this presentation we will discuss different possibilities that ASVs and IASVs can open in the field of cyanobacteria management.
{"title":"How Intelligent ASVs Can Help Us to Support Cyanobacteria Blooms Detection, Predictions, and Early Warning?","authors":"J. A. López-Orozco, Gonzalo Carazo-Barbero, L. García-Pérez, J. Girón-Sierra, E. Besada-Portas","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014043","url":null,"abstract":": The automation revolution provides access to robotized water-surface vehicles, which support behaviors of different autonomy and intelligence levels, ranging from those achieved by Remotely Piloted Surface Vehicle (RPSV) to those supported by Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) and Intelligent ASVs (IASVs). In short, the staff in charge of the RPSVs makes all the decisions and drives them from the shore, while ASVs and IASVs can take control of the situation and move themselves autonomously. Equipped with probes, all of them can be used to collect information about physical parameters and substances, and therefore to monitor water bodies where there is a high probability of Cyanobacteria Blooms (CBs). These vehicles are especially useful for this purpose, as CBs are dynamic biological processes that can occur inside many locations of the water body and become only visible when they emerge into the water surface. In addition, as they produce toxic metabolites that threaten the life of multiple species and limit the recreational use and human consumption of water, the authorities should anticipate their evolution or detect them as soon as possible to minimize the exposure of the population and animals to their harmful effects. Early warning systems in use today cannot capture the temporal-space evolution of CBs, because their fixed probes do not provide information from any Point of Interest (POI) of the water body. In addition, taking personnel to the POIs with boats is an expensive impractical solution to frequently monitor enough water-body locations in order to understand the current state of the CB. An alternative solution consists of: (1) frequently sending the ASVs on their own to any POI of the water body, (2) making them systematically explore Regions of Interest (ROIs), or (3) asking them to intelligently search for relevant information within the water body. In the third option, IASV displacements can adapt themselves to different circumstances, such as the information provided by simulators of the CBs evolution, by the IASVs onboard sensors, or by both. Finally, the diurnal vertical cyanobacteria displacements in the water column can be investigated by attaching the probe to an automatic winch that can also be remotely, automatically or intelligently controlled to be able to explore the water body in its third dimension. During this presentation we will discuss different possibilities that ASVs and IASVs can open in the field of cyanobacteria management.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131364856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Marine toxic microalgae frequently bloom on the Portuguese coast causing toxin accumula-tion in shellfish with the consequent harvesting interdiction in the affected production area. Likewise, freshwater cyanobacteria blooms are a constant in Portuguese inland waters, with high levels of toxins reported in the reservoirs. With this constant and persistent eutrophication of freshwater reservoirs, concerns exist whether toxic freshwater cyanobacteria are reaching marine shellfish production areas. For this purpose, a screening was made crossing information from microscopical observations from monitoring samples with cyanobacterial toxin gene presence across several periods in time. Toxin gene presence was based in conventional PCR using primers selected from previous reports. The results showed that freshwater toxin genes markers are present in marine and transitional waters across Portugal, and that the presence of potential toxic freshwater cyanobacteria is recurrent in microscopical observations in monitoring samples. This preliminary information gives us clues to where possible incidences of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria in marine shellfish production areas might occur, in order to assess the areas at greatest risk for shellfish toxification from freshwater blooms transport and remains.
{"title":"Survey of Freshwater Cyanobacteria and Related Toxin Genes on Coastal and Transitional Waters in Portugal Mainland","authors":"Catarina Churro","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014041","url":null,"abstract":": Marine toxic microalgae frequently bloom on the Portuguese coast causing toxin accumula-tion in shellfish with the consequent harvesting interdiction in the affected production area. Likewise, freshwater cyanobacteria blooms are a constant in Portuguese inland waters, with high levels of toxins reported in the reservoirs. With this constant and persistent eutrophication of freshwater reservoirs, concerns exist whether toxic freshwater cyanobacteria are reaching marine shellfish production areas. For this purpose, a screening was made crossing information from microscopical observations from monitoring samples with cyanobacterial toxin gene presence across several periods in time. Toxin gene presence was based in conventional PCR using primers selected from previous reports. The results showed that freshwater toxin genes markers are present in marine and transitional waters across Portugal, and that the presence of potential toxic freshwater cyanobacteria is recurrent in microscopical observations in monitoring samples. This preliminary information gives us clues to where possible incidences of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria in marine shellfish production areas might occur, in order to assess the areas at greatest risk for shellfish toxification from freshwater blooms transport and remains.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114647537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raquel Silva, J. Morais, Flávio Oliveira, B. Sabour, V. Vasconcelos
: Cyanobacteria are considered a rich source of secondary metabolites with potential biotech-nological applications. Additionally, they have the capability to produce some potent toxins (cyan-otoxins) that can have consequences for both environmental and human health. This group of microorganisms with a long evolutionary history and a remarkable adaptability can be found both in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including extreme environments (e.g., freshwater, marine, terrestrial, hot springs, deserts, etc.). Cyanotoxins can be classified into five functional groups according to their primary target organ or effects being designated as hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, cytotoxins, dermatotoxins, and irritant toxins. In this work, the presence of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cyanotoxins (microcystin, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin, and anatoxin) were screened from more than 200 strains of cyanobacteria. The isolates were obtained from different samples along the Moroccan Atlantic coast (several sampling sites from El Jadida to Essaouira), and from an ancient Portuguese cistern located at El Jadida. There is a gap in the literature regarding the presence of cyanotoxins in this region and some of the isolated strains are related to genera (e.g., Phormidium sp., Pseudanabaena sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Lyngbya sp., and Geitlerinema sp.) that have been reported as potential cyanotoxins producers. Future work will include detection by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm the production of cyanotoxins. Furthermore, the isolates will be deposited in our in-house culture collection (LEGE-CC), and will be available for future studies, increasing the size and diversity of the collection.
{"title":"Sampling Campaign along Moroccan Atlantic Coast: Cyanobacteria Isolation and Molecular Screening of Cyanotoxins","authors":"Raquel Silva, J. Morais, Flávio Oliveira, B. Sabour, V. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014040","url":null,"abstract":": Cyanobacteria are considered a rich source of secondary metabolites with potential biotech-nological applications. Additionally, they have the capability to produce some potent toxins (cyan-otoxins) that can have consequences for both environmental and human health. This group of microorganisms with a long evolutionary history and a remarkable adaptability can be found both in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including extreme environments (e.g., freshwater, marine, terrestrial, hot springs, deserts, etc.). Cyanotoxins can be classified into five functional groups according to their primary target organ or effects being designated as hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, cytotoxins, dermatotoxins, and irritant toxins. In this work, the presence of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cyanotoxins (microcystin, saxitoxin, cylindrospermopsin, and anatoxin) were screened from more than 200 strains of cyanobacteria. The isolates were obtained from different samples along the Moroccan Atlantic coast (several sampling sites from El Jadida to Essaouira), and from an ancient Portuguese cistern located at El Jadida. There is a gap in the literature regarding the presence of cyanotoxins in this region and some of the isolated strains are related to genera (e.g., Phormidium sp., Pseudanabaena sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Lyngbya sp., and Geitlerinema sp.) that have been reported as potential cyanotoxins producers. Future work will include detection by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm the production of cyanotoxins. Furthermore, the isolates will be deposited in our in-house culture collection (LEGE-CC), and will be available for future studies, increasing the size and diversity of the collection.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123342888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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