The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins最新文献

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Cyanobacterial Extracts against Legionella spp.","authors":"Nicole Ferreira, C. Menezes, I. Dias, J. Azevedo, T. Rosado, C. Coelho, Paulo Gonçalves, J. D. da Silva, R. Martins, E. Dias","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014028","url":null,"abstract":": Cyanobacteria are recognized sources of natural compounds with a pharmaceutical in-terest, namely for their antimicrobial activity. Several studies have shown the inhibitory effect of cyanobacteria against the most common bacterial pathogens. However, the bioactivity against Legionella pneumophila was never reported. L. pneumophila is ubiquitous in water environments and causes respiratory infections through water–air transmission. A rise in Legionella outbreaks might be expected, considering that climate changes will exacerbate water-borne diseases. In this work, we evaluated the antibacterial potential of 25 freshwater cyanobacteria from ESSACC collection, against seven Legionella strains (two reference, two clinical and three environmental). Cyanobacterial biomass was extracted with n-hexane, dicloromethane:methanol (2:1), methanol 70%, and water and extracts were dried and dissolved in DMSO (25%). The disk diffusion method was adapted to Legionella growth using 1 McFarland suspension in BCYE plates. Levofloxacin (10 µ g) and DMSO (25%) were used as positive/negative controls, respectively. Methanolic extracts from Dolichospermum flos-aquae (LMECYA 165), Limnothrix redekei (LMECYA 145), Microcystis aeruginosa (LMECYA 127) and Planktothrix agardhii (LMECYA 257) induced inhibition zones ≥ 10 mm, demonstrating their antibacterial activity against L. pneumophila . These results encourage us to further investigate the potentiality of cyanobacteria as natural sources of antibiotics and/or water disinfectants, to overcome the occurrence of pathogenic Legionella in water environments.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121293464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary Electrophoresis–Tandem Mass Spectrometry as an Analytical Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of Multiclass Cyanotoxins †","authors":"Rocío Carmona-Molero, M. Aparicio-Muriana, Francisco J. Lara, Rafael Cazorla-Vílchez, M. Hernández-Mesa, A. García-Campaña, M. del Olmo-Iruela","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014029","url":null,"abstract":": Cyanotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by most cyanobacteria. In recent years, the occur-rence of cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic ecosystems has temporally and spatially increased because of nutrient oversupply caused by human and also by climatic changes. This increase has a negative impact on water quality, ecosystem integrity, and human health. Cyanotoxins constitute a group of compounds with diverse physicochemical properties and their presence in drinkable, fishable, and recreational water is the main health-damaging cause. They are also able to bioaccumulate in plants and vegetables irrigated with contaminated water. Research on the development of suitable analytical methods is needed to establish early-warning strategies for the improved protectionof humans and ecosystems health. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been the preferred option for the control of these compounds, mainly using reverse-phase mode or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) in order to separate multiclass cyanotoxins of varying polarity, which cannot be handled by the commonly used reverse phase columns. In this work, we propose the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using triple quadrupole and positive electrospray ionization (CE-(ESI)-MS/MS) to determine a mixture of cyanotoxins with different polarity. CE is an advantageous alternative to LC given its short analysis times, high resolution, low sample and reagent volumes, and the use of silica capillaries and buffers as separation media, resulting in lower cost and low environmental impact. Moreover, CE allows the analysis of molecules hardly affordable by LC, such as polar and very similar compounds (e.g., isomers). The method is designed for the simultaneous determination of eight cyanotoxins belonging to three different classes: cyclic peptides (microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and nodularin), alkaloids (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a), and three non-protein amino acids isomers ( β -methylamino-L-alanine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, and N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine). Separation was achieved using an acidic background electrolyte (BGE) consisting in 2 M of formic acid (FA) and 20% acetonitrile in water. The proper separation and resolution of the three non-protein amino acid isomers was one of the main challenges of the method. This was overcome by applying a voltage of 30 kV in a 90 cm length capillary at 20 ◦ C. Parameters affecting MS detection and the sheath–liquid interface were also studied. Finally, the fixed values were: a sheath gas flow rate of 5 L/min at 195 ◦ C; sheath–liquid consists of MeOH/H2O/FA (50:49.95:0.05 v / v / v ), a flow rate of 15 µ L/min; and a nozzle voltage of 2000 V; N 2 dry gas rate of 11 L/min at 150 ◦ C; a nebulizer pressure of 10 psi; and a capillary voltage of 2000 V. Online pre-concentration approaches were tested in order to achieve higher sensitivity, obtaining a enrichment factor of 4 with ","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127156330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Mineral Water Sources and Hot Springs from NW Iberian Peninsula","authors":"C. Flores, J. Caixach, Sandra Barca, R. Vieira-Lanero, F. Cobo","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014026","url":null,"abstract":": pattern scores. CP-2 was detected in 14 samples, and it was confirmed as a signal from a cyanobacterial peptide, but with more unsaturations than analogous MCs. The presence of MC-OiaA and MC-OiaAba in three samples was also noteworthy. In addition, [seco-2/3]NOD-R was detected in five samples.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128515082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Cyanobacteria an Overlooked Risk for Ecosystems and Visitors in Spanish National Parks?","authors":"Albano Diez-Chiappe, S. Cirés, Felipe Bolgenhagen, M. Á. Muñoz-Martín, A. Justel, A. Quesada, E. Perona","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014025","url":null,"abstract":": Potentially toxic cyanobacterial communities are prolific in freshwater ecosystems and in national parks where vulnerable fauna tend to be found. This study focuses on the proliferation of toxic cyanobacteria and the risks they represent in the rivers and reservoirs of two Spanish national parks. As far as we know, this is the first time that an ecological, taxonomical and toxicological characterization of planktonic and benthic cyanotoxin-producing cyanobacteria is carried out in this type of protected areas in Spain. Our results, obtained during 2021 sampling campaigns, have confirmed the occurrence of cyanobacteria in these ecosystems and assessed the risks of these cyanobacteria to these ecosystems. An alarming occurrence of benthic mats, dominated mainly by Phormidium autumnale (also called Microcoleus autumnalis ), a potentially anatoxin producer, has been observed in rivers from Sierra de Guadarrama National Park. In reservoirs from Monfragüe National Park, the planktonic communities have been dominated by Microcystis , Aphanizomenom , Arthrospira and Planktothrix . Genetic screening by PCR and sequencing have confirmed the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthesis genes ( mcy E, ana F and sxt A) in all communities studied. The relationship among community diversity, the presence/concentration of cyanotoxins (microcystins, saxitoxins and anatoxins) and the environmental parameters measured is discussed. These results will contribute to preparing protocols for evaluating and managing the potential risk to visitors to, workers in and fauna of these protected ecosystems. .M.-M.,","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126801402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of Microcystis sp. and Microcystins in Alqueva Reservoirs Assessed by Chemical and Molecular Methods","authors":"T. Azevedo, J. Azevedo, J. Martins, M. Freitas, Vítor Vasconcelos, A. Campos","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014023","url":null,"abstract":": The Alqueva reservoir, located in the Alentejo region, in the south of Portugal, is considered the largest artificial lake in Europe. It has been in operation since 2002, and it is used to produce energy and supply water for agriculture and to the populations in this region of Portugal. The water distribution system, starting from the main reservoir, includes 19 reservoirs of smaller capacity and a network of waterways totaling 382 km in length. Furthermore, the occurrence of cyanobacteria in water reservoirs has been recognized as an environmental concern due to the potential presence of their related toxins that can cause severe health effects. This work aimed to monitor the presence of cyanobacteria and the commonly associated cyanotoxin microcystin (MC) in three reservoirs belonging to the Alqueva water system, namely S ã o Pedro, Magra, and Pis ã o, located in the district of Beja. These reservoirs were selected considering the historical data of phytoplankton provided by EDIA, the entity in charge of the management of this infrastructure. The field work was carried out in July, August, and September, the months with the highest risk of outgrowth of cyanobacteria, in the year 2020. Two or three samples of water (5 L) were collected in different locations of the reservoirs, once per month, by boat. Samples were collected at different depths in the photic zone using a Van Dorn bottle and pooled. The water samples were then processed in the laboratory. Molecular biology techniques were used to detect the presence of cyanobacteria (16S rRNA) and MC-related genes. Moreover, chemical analysis techniques based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify and quantify MCs. The results revealed the presence of MCs in the three reservoirs in the three months monitored. Concentrations of this toxin varied between 0.01 µ g/L and 0.1 µ g/L, with S ã o Pedro being the reservoir displaying the highest concentrations of MCs in all of the months monitored. These results are consistent with the molecular study based on the analysis of Microcystis sp. 16 rRNA and MC biosynthetic genes (mcya–mcyG), suggesting the presence of putative toxic Microcystis sp. strains in the three reservoirs. Despite the low concentrations of MCs detected in these reservoirs, their recurrent presence in Alqueva waters serve as a reminder of the need to monitor cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins on a regular basis.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129045611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Problem of Cyanotoxins in Reservoirs of São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"V. Moschini-Carlos, X. Sòria-Perpinyà, E. Vicente, M. D. Sendra, Micheline Kesia Cordeiro de Araujo, Maria do Carmo Bitencourt, Vinicius de Leles Almagro, M. Pompêo","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014034","url":null,"abstract":": Eutrophication process and phytoplankton primary productivity have intensified in con-tinental aquatic ecosystems because of climate change. As a consequence, the proliferation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria is increasing in frequency, magnitude, and duration. For water sources used in public supply, this growth represents an ecological risk to ecosystems and human health. From October 2021 to February 2022, integrated samples of surface water were obtained from 11 reservoirs in S ã o Paulo State, Brazil (Jaguari, Jacarei, Atibainha, Paiva Castro, Rio Grande, Guarapiranga, Barra Bonita, Bariri, Broa, Salto Grande, and Itupararanga). Limnological variables were obtained using the Troll 500 probe, in addition to depth, turbidity (Tur), chlorophyll a (Chla), and phycocyanin (Phy) concentrations (Turner C3 probe). In the laboratory, chlorophyll-a concentrations (ChlaABS) were analyzed. Phytoplankton biovolume (Utermöhl method) was estimated. The concentrations of microcystins (MCs) and saxitoxins (STXs) were analyzed with Beacon kits, in ELISA microplate reader. For the studied reservoirs, the Secchi disc water transparency ranged from 0.6 to 2.3 m. The average values of water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were, respectively, 24.8 ◦ C, 162.9 µ S/cm, and 8.4 and 9.5 mg/L. For Tur, Chla, Phy, and ChlaABS, ranged from 1.86 to 24.6 NTU, 3.3 to 105.1 µ g/L, 12.4 to 445.2 µ g/L, and 4.2 to 84.9 µ g/L, respectively. Cyanobacteria was the more representative phytoplankton class in biovolume, from 0.07 to 51.7 mm 3 /L. STXs and MCs were found in most sampled stations. For STXs it ranged from 0.016 µ g/L to 0.308 µ g/L, and for MCs in some stations it was higher than 200 µ g/L. According to the World Health Organization and Brazilian legislation, in the 11 studied reservoirs, the concentrations of saxitoxins are within the maximum allowed limits (3 µ g/L), while for microcystins the concentrations are for most reservoirs above the maximum allowed value (1 µ g/L). Considering the analyzed information in relation to water quality and the cyanobacterial community, we verify that most of these environments present a worrying water quality, which can represent a risk for public health.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"410 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122783670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Methods of Treatment of Cyanobacterial Biomasses to Reduce Toxin Content","authors":"Leticia Loss, J. Azevedo, Vítor Vasconcelos, A. Campos","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014024","url":null,"abstract":": Microalgae blooms are natural processes that occur in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. Microalgae blooms, namely those constituted by cyanobacteria, are undergoing a significant expansion as a result of anthropogenic pollution and climate change. Many of these blooms cause environmental and public health concerns due to the production and accumulation of toxic substances by some cyanobacterial species. Despite the burdens that cyanobacteria may cause in the environment and human health, cyanobacterial biomasses are interesting sources of compounds in biotechnology. Cyanobacteria also have interesting plant growth properties, and their biomass is an excellent soil amendment. In order to promote safe use of this type of material in biotechnology and agriculture, a research work was outlined, which consisted in seeking inexpensive and environmentally sustainable methods of treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa biomass and to reduce the content of the toxin microcystin (MC) in the biomass. Lyophilized or hydrated biomass from laboratory cultures of M. aeruginosa were subjected to treatments by heat (50 ◦ C), ultraviolet radiation, ozone, and solar radiation for periods ranging from 2 to 12 h. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the amount of MC in the biomass exposed to natural radiation for 12 h, from 0.0042 to 0.0028 mg of MC-LR/mg of dry biomass, equivalent to a reduction of about 33% of the total toxin. Efforts are currently being made to characterize the chemical transformation of the toxin catalyzed by natural radiation. No other treatment allowed us to reduce the amount of toxin present in the biomass, which suggests a strong chemical resistance of MC. This method of treatment of cyanobacterial biomass is quite interesting, and its use on a large scale depends on a confirmation of the preservation of the biotechnological properties of biomass after the applied treatment.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"8 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanotoxins (Microcystins) in Water Irrigation: Evaluation of Contamination, Detoxification Process in Plant-Animal Food Chain Model and Human Health Risk †","authors":"Mohammed Haida, Fatima El Khalloufi, A. Campos, Lahcen Tamegart, Richard Mugani, E. Redouane, Yasser Essadki, J. Azevedo, M. J. Araújo, M. L. Sousa, V. Vasconcelos, B. Oudra","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014021","url":null,"abstract":": Under the effect of climate change and eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms occur in surface waters; these cyanobacteria are capable of producing secondary metabolites called cyanotoxins. Among these cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) are the most common and most harmful to human and animal health. Agricultural plants come into direct contact with microcystins (MCs) during irrigation with waters containing cyanotoxins (MCs), whereas animals and humans may come across MCs following the consumption of initially contaminated agricultural products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulation, transfer and detoxification of MCs in plants ( Fragaria vulgaris L.) and a nuisance animal ( Meriones shawii ). F. vulgaris culture was conducted under hydroponic conditions. All plants were irrigated using 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 µ g/L of MCs for 60 days. Besides, aliquots (10 g) of fruit from the treated plants were prepared to feed M. shawii previously divided into five groups with six animals each for 4 consecutive weeks. All experimental procedures were performed in accordance with Cadi Ayyad University's animal care guidelines and European Decree 1, February 2013, for the ethical use of animals for experimental purposes (NOR: AGRG1238767). We made efforts to reduce pain and the number of Meriones used in this study. The results reported a decreasing accumulation of toxins in different organs of the plant (perlite > roots > leaves > stems > fruits). With the obtained results, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) were determined in order to gauge the health risk. Furthermore, the glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were also evaluated. The highest activities were recorded in F. vulgaris roots and M. shawii liver. The results of this study indicated the possible bioaccumulation and transfer of MCs throughout the food chain, in addition to the involvement of enzymes such as GSH and GR in the detoxification process of MCs.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129124060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cyanobacterial Biomass as Sustainable Agricultural Fertilizer: Soil Experiment with Plants in Pot","authors":"A. Massa, J. Azevedo, Rui Azevedo, E. Pinto, A. Costa, Vítor Vasconcelos, A. Campos, M. Freitas","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014022","url":null,"abstract":": Providing food to the growing human population in a sustainable way is one of the greatest challenges of modern society. In this context, cyanobacterial biomass (CB) can function as a source of macronutrients to increase soil productivity. These organisms can be collected from the environment in considerable amounts, since they tend to grow in large blooms. However, some of these cyanobacterial strains produce toxins that need to be carefully monitored to avoid food accumulation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the possible use of toxic and non-toxic strains of CB as fertilizer supplement in the growth of economically relevant vegetables. One-month-old Raphanus sativus (radish) and Spinacia oleracea (spinach) plants were grown in pots in indoor controlled conditions. Six experimental conditions were set: (1) a control with no nutrient","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127538202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of Cylindrospermopsin in the Azores: Evidence for New Producing Taxa","authors":"Rita Cordeiro, R. Luz, J. Azevedo, Vítor Vasconcelos, V. Gonçalves, Amélia Fonseca","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014014","url":null,"abstract":": The worldwide expansion of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been a public concern due to its potential impacts on the environment, the economy, and mainly on human health. Due to global warming, this toxin has been reported in a wider range of countries, from tropical to temperate regions. The first report of cylindrospermopsin in the Azores came from an environmental sample collected in 2016 and was later found in two nostocalean cultured strains isolated from a eutrophic lake. This work gathers all the CYN data in the Azores and reports new identifications of toxic strains. Selected cultured strains (five) from BACA (Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria) were analyzed for the presence of genes cyrA, cyrB, cyrC, and cyrJ by PCR and for toxin identification by ESI-LC-MS/MS. 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis was assessed for all strains. The main results showed amplification of cyr genes in Nostoc sp. BACA0429, Kamptonema sp. BACA0455, and nostocalean strain BACA0109. However, ESI-LC-MS/MS did not identify CYN in any of the tested strains. The phylogeny also revealed that BACA0109 is close to previously identified CYN producers BACA0025 and BACA0031, described as potential new cyanobacteria taxa. The presence of CYN and CYN-producing cyanobacteria in the remote Azorean Islands is further evidence of the CYN global dispersion and an alert to the need for cyanotoxins monitoring and mitigation in the Azores’ inland waters.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126489237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}