X. Sòria-Perpinyà, E. Vicente, M. Pompêo, V. Moschini-Carlos, J. Soria, J. Delegido
: Remote sensing is a tool that is being used increasingly often for both terrestrial and aquatic ecology. For inland waters, most works focus on developing an empirical or analytical model to estimate optical active variables related to water quality. More and more studies use remote sensing as a support tool for ecosystem processes, but developing local specific models is time and resources consuming. The most used method for developing models is the empirical one, which directly relates the remote-sensed signal to the variables of interest using statistical techniques so as to produce robust results for the areas and data sets from which they are derived. Empirical algorithms can be expected to perform well only inside their range of derivation and for the area in which they are derived. Thus, to facilitate their use, it is necessary to have models that are applicable in different climatic zones and types of water. That is why we are going to apply empirical models developed with data from different types of water at temperate zone to different types of water at tropical areas. This will allow us to have algorithms calibrated for the future scenarios that will cause climate change in temperate zones: a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature, evaporation and water retention time. To achieve this, between October and December 2021, thirteen reservoirs of the Tiete River basin (Sao Paulo, Brazil) were sampled, and 41 samples were obtained. The sampling points were georeferenced and phycocyanin was measured in situ using a Turner Design C3 Submersible Fluorometer calibrated with Spirulina Standard 40% purity (Sigma-Aldrich CAS 11016-15-2, San Luis, MO, USA). Seven Sentinel-2 images were processed with Sentinel Application Platform (European Space Agency) for resampling, and for atmospheric correction using the neural net C2X-C. The estimated values to be tested from algorithms application were validated with data from these reservoirs, covering a phycocyanin Author Contributions: Conceptualization, X.S.-P., and M.P.; methodology, E.V., J.D., V.M.-C.; val-idation, X.S.-P., J.M.S. and M.P.; formal analysis, X.S.-P., V.M.-C.; data curation, M.P.; writing—original draft preparation, X.S.-P.; writing—review and editing, J.M.S., J.D., E.V.; project administration, E.V., M.P.; funding
遥感是陆地和水生生态日益常用的一种工具。对于内陆水域，大多数工作集中在开发经验或分析模型来估计与水质有关的光学活性变量。越来越多的研究将遥感作为生态系统过程的支持工具，但开发本地特定模型耗时耗力。开发模型最常用的方法是经验方法，它使用统计技术将遥感信号与感兴趣的变量直接联系起来，以便为导出这些模型的地区和数据集产生可靠的结果。经验算法只能在其推导范围内和推导区域内表现良好。因此，为了便于使用，有必要建立适用于不同气候带和不同类型水的模型。这就是为什么我们要将从温带不同类型水的数据开发的经验模型应用于热带地区不同类型水的原因。这将使我们能够对算法进行校准，以适应将导致温带气候变化的未来情景:降水减少，温度升高，蒸发和水保持时间增加。为了实现这一目标，在2021年10月至12月期间，对Tiete河流域(巴西圣保罗)的13个水库进行了采样，并获得了41个样本。采样点参照地理位置，使用Turner Design C3潜水荧光计原位测量藻蓝蛋白，螺旋藻标准纯度为40% (Sigma-Aldrich CAS 11016-15-2, San Luis, MO, USA)。利用Sentinel应用平台(欧洲空间局)对7幅Sentinel-2图像进行了重采样处理，并利用C2X-C神经网络进行了大气校正。算法应用的估估值与来自这些储层的数据进行了验证，这些储层覆盖了藻蓝蛋白。M.P.;方法学，e.v.， j.d.， v.m.c;val-idation X.S.-P。、J.M.S.和M.P.;形式分析、V.M.-C;数据管理;写作-原稿准备，x.s.p;写作-评论与编辑，法学硕士，法学博士，E.V.;项目管理，e.v.， M.P.;资金
{"title":"Testing in Tropical Reservoirs a Remote Sensing Phycocyanin Empirical Model Performed for Temperate Reservoirs: Ahead of Climate Change","authors":"X. Sòria-Perpinyà, E. Vicente, M. Pompêo, V. Moschini-Carlos, J. Soria, J. Delegido","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014006","url":null,"abstract":": Remote sensing is a tool that is being used increasingly often for both terrestrial and aquatic ecology. For inland waters, most works focus on developing an empirical or analytical model to estimate optical active variables related to water quality. More and more studies use remote sensing as a support tool for ecosystem processes, but developing local specific models is time and resources consuming. The most used method for developing models is the empirical one, which directly relates the remote-sensed signal to the variables of interest using statistical techniques so as to produce robust results for the areas and data sets from which they are derived. Empirical algorithms can be expected to perform well only inside their range of derivation and for the area in which they are derived. Thus, to facilitate their use, it is necessary to have models that are applicable in different climatic zones and types of water. That is why we are going to apply empirical models developed with data from different types of water at temperate zone to different types of water at tropical areas. This will allow us to have algorithms calibrated for the future scenarios that will cause climate change in temperate zones: a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature, evaporation and water retention time. To achieve this, between October and December 2021, thirteen reservoirs of the Tiete River basin (Sao Paulo, Brazil) were sampled, and 41 samples were obtained. The sampling points were georeferenced and phycocyanin was measured in situ using a Turner Design C3 Submersible Fluorometer calibrated with Spirulina Standard 40% purity (Sigma-Aldrich CAS 11016-15-2, San Luis, MO, USA). Seven Sentinel-2 images were processed with Sentinel Application Platform (European Space Agency) for resampling, and for atmospheric correction using the neural net C2X-C. The estimated values to be tested from algorithms application were validated with data from these reservoirs, covering a phycocyanin Author Contributions: Conceptualization, X.S.-P., and M.P.; methodology, E.V., J.D., V.M.-C.; val-idation, X.S.-P., J.M.S. and M.P.; formal analysis, X.S.-P., V.M.-C.; data curation, M.P.; writing—original draft preparation, X.S.-P.; writing—review and editing, J.M.S., J.D., E.V.; project administration, E.V., M.P.; funding","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121650853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gonçalves, Rita Cordeiro, R. Luz, Amélia Fonseca
{"title":"Statement of Peer Review—7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","authors":"V. Gonçalves, Rita Cordeiro, R. Luz, Amélia Fonseca","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124362692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Mugani, E. Redouane, Mohammed Haida, Fatima El Khalloufi, A. Campos, Vítor Vasconcelos, H. Grossart, B. Oudra
: The Lalla Takerkoust dam in Morocco experiences episodes of cyanobacterial blooms every year. The variation trend of cyanobacterial blooms in this lake was studied. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from Landsat observations, combined with cyanotoxins, reported in the dam for more than 30 years, from 1990 to 2020, was used to provide a quantified history of the infestation dynamics of the dam water used for crop irrigation and drinking water production. The results showed that the vegetation indices fluctuated significantly over time (Kendall test p < 0.001). Summer and autumn were the main seasons for the appearance of cyanobacterial blooms, with higher cyanotoxin concentrations in autumn than in summer, with 159.67 µ g/L in November 2020 and 4.79 µ g/L in October 2019, respectively. On the other hand, other parameters related to climate change were analyzed to explain the differences in NDVI values over the years. the NDVI and, consequently, the infestation of algal bloom in the lake. Indeed, in 2010, a year where rainfall was 333.57 mm and the average temperature in October was 18.81 C, we recorded a PAR of 102.84 W · m − 2 with UVA of 11.51 W · m − 2 and UVB of 0.25 W · m − 2 . During this year, NDVI was highest by 0.28, and biomass toxicology was highest at 11.5 mg MCLR · g − 1 DW. Ultimately, this study is the first in Morocco that traces a temporal evolution by satellite imaging of the history of the Takerkoust dam infestation. It will allow an awareness of the effects of climate change on the quality of this freshwater resource.
{"title":"Temporal Evolution of the Cyanobacterial Infestation of the Lalla Takerkoust Dam Revealed by Landsat Satellite Imagery","authors":"Richard Mugani, E. Redouane, Mohammed Haida, Fatima El Khalloufi, A. Campos, Vítor Vasconcelos, H. Grossart, B. Oudra","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014009","url":null,"abstract":": The Lalla Takerkoust dam in Morocco experiences episodes of cyanobacterial blooms every year. The variation trend of cyanobacterial blooms in this lake was studied. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from Landsat observations, combined with cyanotoxins, reported in the dam for more than 30 years, from 1990 to 2020, was used to provide a quantified history of the infestation dynamics of the dam water used for crop irrigation and drinking water production. The results showed that the vegetation indices fluctuated significantly over time (Kendall test p < 0.001). Summer and autumn were the main seasons for the appearance of cyanobacterial blooms, with higher cyanotoxin concentrations in autumn than in summer, with 159.67 µ g/L in November 2020 and 4.79 µ g/L in October 2019, respectively. On the other hand, other parameters related to climate change were analyzed to explain the differences in NDVI values over the years. the NDVI and, consequently, the infestation of algal bloom in the lake. Indeed, in 2010, a year where rainfall was 333.57 mm and the average temperature in October was 18.81 C, we recorded a PAR of 102.84 W · m − 2 with UVA of 11.51 W · m − 2 and UVB of 0.25 W · m − 2 . During this year, NDVI was highest by 0.28, and biomass toxicology was highest at 11.5 mg MCLR · g − 1 DW. Ultimately, this study is the first in Morocco that traces a temporal evolution by satellite imaging of the history of the Takerkoust dam infestation. It will allow an awareness of the effects of climate change on the quality of this freshwater resource.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116155968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Toxic cyanobacteria naturally inhabit freshwater resources. The Vela Lagoon is a Natura 2000 protected site located near the Atlantic Ocean and in the central region of Portugal and has well-established recreational impacts. in recent years, the Vela Lagoon has been studied for the occurrence of cyanotoxins, and control studies have demonstrated that cylindrospermopsins were found on the water at maximum concentrations of 12 µ g/L. Given these assessed impacts and the nature of this protected site, it becomes essential to review the impact of Vela Lagoon cyanotoxins within a longer period of time that includes 12 months between November 2016 and October 2017. The methods used include bloom occurrence and analysis on cyanotoxins, namely the microcystins variants LR, RR, and YR; cylindrospermopsins; anatoxin-a; and saxitoxins, by applying genomics and chemistry methods. The findings revealed that cylindrospermopsins are still a member of the cyanobacteria toxic community of the Vela Lagoon, that anatoxin-a was found to occur in trace amounts on the water fraction and bloom samples, and that microcystins-LR is the only variant found to occur in the Vela Lagoon. Given the two bloom episodes observed during the sampling season, control measures need to be readily implemented in the Vela Lagoon, since the impacts on the multiple cyanotoxins found can constitute a risk to humans who live near this protected site and frequently use this water for domestic irrigation. Finally, this study illustrates that toxic cyanobacteria can also impair water quality in sustainable environments.
{"title":"Toxic Cyanobacteria Impacts on a Eutrophic and Protected Natural Ecosystem (Vela Lagoon)","authors":"Cristiana Moreira, Vítor Vasconcelos, A. Antunes","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014007","url":null,"abstract":": Toxic cyanobacteria naturally inhabit freshwater resources. The Vela Lagoon is a Natura 2000 protected site located near the Atlantic Ocean and in the central region of Portugal and has well-established recreational impacts. in recent years, the Vela Lagoon has been studied for the occurrence of cyanotoxins, and control studies have demonstrated that cylindrospermopsins were found on the water at maximum concentrations of 12 µ g/L. Given these assessed impacts and the nature of this protected site, it becomes essential to review the impact of Vela Lagoon cyanotoxins within a longer period of time that includes 12 months between November 2016 and October 2017. The methods used include bloom occurrence and analysis on cyanotoxins, namely the microcystins variants LR, RR, and YR; cylindrospermopsins; anatoxin-a; and saxitoxins, by applying genomics and chemistry methods. The findings revealed that cylindrospermopsins are still a member of the cyanobacteria toxic community of the Vela Lagoon, that anatoxin-a was found to occur in trace amounts on the water fraction and bloom samples, and that microcystins-LR is the only variant found to occur in the Vela Lagoon. Given the two bloom episodes observed during the sampling season, control measures need to be readily implemented in the Vela Lagoon, since the impacts on the multiple cyanotoxins found can constitute a risk to humans who live near this protected site and frequently use this water for domestic irrigation. Finally, this study illustrates that toxic cyanobacteria can also impair water quality in sustainable environments.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123874571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Castro, Pedro Carmo, M. Dias, D. Figueiredo
: Climate change enhances the occurrence of HCBs (Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms) world-wide, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, posing increased risks for local populations. The present work intends to conduct a spatiotemporal historical overview on the occurrence of potentially toxic cyanobacterial their dynamics and design deeper ecological research approaches as well as more effective management and control strategies.
{"title":"Historical Geographical Distribution of Potentially HCBs (Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms) across the Portuguese Territory under a European Context","authors":"Samuel Castro, Pedro Carmo, M. Dias, D. Figueiredo","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014003","url":null,"abstract":": Climate change enhances the occurrence of HCBs (Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms) world-wide, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, posing increased risks for local populations. The present work intends to conduct a spatiotemporal historical overview on the occurrence of potentially toxic cyanobacterial their dynamics and design deeper ecological research approaches as well as more effective management and control strategies.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132581452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Luz, Rita Cordeiro, Jan Kaštovský, J. Johansen, Elisabete Dias, Amélia Fonseca, R. Urbatzka, Vítor Vasconcelos, V. Gonçalves
: Cyanobacteria taxonomy is changing significantly, with many new genera and species having been uncovered from a variety of cultures over the last decade. The use of cultures allowed for genetic studies using molecular markers, e.g., 16S rRNA and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA, complementing the morphological and ecological information traditionally used in the description of new taxa. Presently, the culture collection BACA (Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria) comprises more than 350 strains of cyanobacteria isolated from terrestrial, aquatic, and thermal habitats in the Azores. The phylogenetic study of more than 200 strains shows new phylogenetic clades and possibly many new genera and species. Strains belonging to possible new taxa were selected for further genetic studies by 16S rRNA and 16S-23S ITS rRNA gene amplification using the 27F and 23S30R primers and sequenced. The secondary structure of the ITS gene was predicted using the mFold web server, and the D1-D1’ helix, Box-B helix and V3 helix were compared. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on simple coccoid and filamentous strains to visualize the thylakoid position in the cell. The use of a polyphasic approach enabled the identification of several new cyanobacteria taxa, supported by the phylogenetic analysis and the identification of diacritical morphological characters. The description of these new taxa contributes to the knowledge of cyanobacteria biodiversity and a better understanding of their taxonomy, which is still very confusing and problematic, allowing a better clarification of species and genera distribution.
:蓝藻分类学正在发生重大变化，在过去的十年里，许多新的属和物种已经从各种文化中被发现。培养物的使用允许使用分子标记进行遗传研究，例如16S rRNA和16S- 23s内部转录间隔(ITS) rRNA，补充了传统上用于描述新分类群的形态学和生态学信息。目前，培养收集BACA(亚速尔藻类和蓝藻银行)包括350多株从亚速尔群岛的陆地、水生和热栖息地分离出来的蓝藻。对200多个菌株的系统发育研究发现了新的系统发育枝和可能出现的许多新属和新种。利用27F和23S30R引物扩增16S rRNA和16S- 23s ITS rRNA基因，选择可能属于新分类群的菌株进行进一步的遗传研究，并测序。利用mFold web server对ITS基因的二级结构进行预测，并对D1-D1′螺旋、Box-B螺旋和V3螺旋进行比较。用透射电镜观察单纯球粒和丝状菌株的类囊体在细胞中的位置。在系统发育分析和变异形态特征鉴定的支持下，采用多相方法鉴定了几个新的蓝藻分类群。这些新分类群的描述有助于认识蓝藻生物多样性和更好地理解其分类，这仍然是非常混乱和问题，允许更好地澄清种和属的分布。
{"title":"Taxonomic Assessment of the Cyanobacteria from the BACA Culture Collection: Contribution to the Knowledge of Their Diversity and Monitoring in the Azores","authors":"R. Luz, Rita Cordeiro, Jan Kaštovský, J. Johansen, Elisabete Dias, Amélia Fonseca, R. Urbatzka, Vítor Vasconcelos, V. Gonçalves","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014004","url":null,"abstract":": Cyanobacteria taxonomy is changing significantly, with many new genera and species having been uncovered from a variety of cultures over the last decade. The use of cultures allowed for genetic studies using molecular markers, e.g., 16S rRNA and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA, complementing the morphological and ecological information traditionally used in the description of new taxa. Presently, the culture collection BACA (Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria) comprises more than 350 strains of cyanobacteria isolated from terrestrial, aquatic, and thermal habitats in the Azores. The phylogenetic study of more than 200 strains shows new phylogenetic clades and possibly many new genera and species. Strains belonging to possible new taxa were selected for further genetic studies by 16S rRNA and 16S-23S ITS rRNA gene amplification using the 27F and 23S30R primers and sequenced. The secondary structure of the ITS gene was predicted using the mFold web server, and the D1-D1’ helix, Box-B helix and V3 helix were compared. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on simple coccoid and filamentous strains to visualize the thylakoid position in the cell. The use of a polyphasic approach enabled the identification of several new cyanobacteria taxa, supported by the phylogenetic analysis and the identification of diacritical morphological characters. The description of these new taxa contributes to the knowledge of cyanobacteria biodiversity and a better understanding of their taxonomy, which is still very confusing and problematic, allowing a better clarification of species and genera distribution.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134403351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: With the increased eutrophication of water bodies due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, aquatic environments have increased the growth of cyanobacteria blooms worldwide. In addition, these microorganisms may produce toxic secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins), such as microcystins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, and anatoxin-a. These are harmful to human health and to other organisms that come into contact with contaminated waters, resulting in hepatotoxic, dermatotoxic, neurotoxic pathologies, and death. As we still do not know all the cyanobacteria species that can produce them, this study aimed to search for the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthesis genes in cyanobacteria strains isolated from the lakes of the Azores and to assess the risk of toxicity to public health. Therefore, molecular techniques were used to identify the cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes in thirty cultured strains deposited in the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA). The results revealed the presence of eleven strains with the the ana F gene, of which, two had the the ana C gene. Given that the presence of these strains in lakes may represent a public health risk, the continuous monitoring of water quality and cyanotoxin presence in water bodies of the region is essential so that risk can be determined. Measures must be implemented to minimize this problem while preserving the population’s life quality.
{"title":"Bioprospection of Toxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in the BACA Culture Collection","authors":"Inês Borges, Elisabete Dias, Rita Cordeiro, Amélia Fonseca","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014008","url":null,"abstract":": With the increased eutrophication of water bodies due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, aquatic environments have increased the growth of cyanobacteria blooms worldwide. In addition, these microorganisms may produce toxic secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins), such as microcystins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins, and anatoxin-a. These are harmful to human health and to other organisms that come into contact with contaminated waters, resulting in hepatotoxic, dermatotoxic, neurotoxic pathologies, and death. As we still do not know all the cyanobacteria species that can produce them, this study aimed to search for the presence of cyanotoxin biosynthesis genes in cyanobacteria strains isolated from the lakes of the Azores and to assess the risk of toxicity to public health. Therefore, molecular techniques were used to identify the cyanotoxins biosynthesis genes in thirty cultured strains deposited in the Azorean Bank of Algae and Cyanobacteria (BACA). The results revealed the presence of eleven strains with the the ana F gene, of which, two had the the ana C gene. Given that the presence of these strains in lakes may represent a public health risk, the continuous monitoring of water quality and cyanotoxin presence in water bodies of the region is essential so that risk can be determined. Measures must be implemented to minimize this problem while preserving the population’s life quality.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129704463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús J. Beltrán de Heredia Alonso, José Martín Gallardo, María del Mar Barrado Moreno
: Due to the gradual increase in the concentration of algae, in general, in continental surface water reservoirs, it is necessary to incorporate advanced technologies in drinking water treatment plants with a view to reduce/eliminate the algae present. This degradation of the algal mass will additionally lead to the destruction of the toxins that could be released into the aqueous medium during the course of potabilisation. In this work, degradation assays of Microcystis sp. in surface 4 mol/L. It is observed that this variable has a strong positive influence on the degradation of the algae. Thus, for a time of 30 minutes, the degradation is total with the four matrices for the ozone concentration of 5.4 × 10 − 4 mol/L, while for the concentration of 4.5 × 10 − 5 mol/L the degradation is between 80 and 90%. A kinetic study has been carried out in both types of ozonation regime. In the case of the homogeneous regime, the model includes both the self-decomposition of ozone in water and the direct reaction of ozone with the algae, and in the case of the heterogeneous regime, the mass transfer of ozone from the gas to the liquid phase is also incorporated. The resolution of the model with the MATLAB software leads to a value of the kinetic degradation constant of the alga between 9 × 10 − 4 (Villar del Rey reservoir) and 1.4 × 10 − 3 (distilled water) L/( µ g chlorophyll min).
{"title":"Degradation of Microcystis sp. in Surface Water by Ozone","authors":"Jesús J. Beltrán de Heredia Alonso, José Martín Gallardo, María del Mar Barrado Moreno","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014001","url":null,"abstract":": Due to the gradual increase in the concentration of algae, in general, in continental surface water reservoirs, it is necessary to incorporate advanced technologies in drinking water treatment plants with a view to reduce/eliminate the algae present. This degradation of the algal mass will additionally lead to the destruction of the toxins that could be released into the aqueous medium during the course of potabilisation. In this work, degradation assays of Microcystis sp. in surface 4 mol/L. It is observed that this variable has a strong positive influence on the degradation of the algae. Thus, for a time of 30 minutes, the degradation is total with the four matrices for the ozone concentration of 5.4 × 10 − 4 mol/L, while for the concentration of 4.5 × 10 − 5 mol/L the degradation is between 80 and 90%. A kinetic study has been carried out in both types of ozonation regime. In the case of the homogeneous regime, the model includes both the self-decomposition of ozone in water and the direct reaction of ozone with the algae, and in the case of the heterogeneous regime, the mass transfer of ozone from the gas to the liquid phase is also incorporated. The resolution of the model with the MATLAB software leads to a value of the kinetic degradation constant of the alga between 9 × 10 − 4 (Villar del Rey reservoir) and 1.4 × 10 − 3 (distilled water) L/( µ g chlorophyll min).","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132939559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gonçalves, Rita Cordeiro, R. Luz, Amélia Fonseca
: Eutrophication became the main environmental problem of Azorean lakes at the end of the 20th century, resulting mainly from the intensification of anthropogenic activities in the catchments. This problem raised great public concern, leading to the implementation of monitoring programs to assess the status of the Azores inland waters. During the monitoring programs, many cyanobacterial species were present in high abundance, and several blooms and cyanotoxins have been recorded over the years. In this work, monitoring data from twenty-three lakes, from 2003 to 2018, were analyzed to understand the distribution and dynamics of the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, as well as the importance of local and global environmental factors. Although we found some interannual variability, the results confirm a high abundance of cyanobacteria in many lakes, frequently of toxic species. Besides a high correlation between the lake trophic state and the abundance of cyanobacteria, some changes in the communities, namely regarding the dominant species, suggest the influence of global factors as drivers of these changes. This study contributes to improving cyanotoxin monitoring programs and mitigation actions to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs).
{"title":"Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Azorean Lakes: Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Long-Term Monitoring Data (2003–2018)","authors":"V. Gonçalves, Rita Cordeiro, R. Luz, Amélia Fonseca","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014005","url":null,"abstract":": Eutrophication became the main environmental problem of Azorean lakes at the end of the 20th century, resulting mainly from the intensification of anthropogenic activities in the catchments. This problem raised great public concern, leading to the implementation of monitoring programs to assess the status of the Azores inland waters. During the monitoring programs, many cyanobacterial species were present in high abundance, and several blooms and cyanotoxins have been recorded over the years. In this work, monitoring data from twenty-three lakes, from 2003 to 2018, were analyzed to understand the distribution and dynamics of the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, as well as the importance of local and global environmental factors. Although we found some interannual variability, the results confirm a high abundance of cyanobacteria in many lakes, frequently of toxic species. Besides a high correlation between the lake trophic state and the abundance of cyanobacteria, some changes in the communities, namely regarding the dominant species, suggest the influence of global factors as drivers of these changes. This study contributes to improving cyanotoxin monitoring programs and mitigation actions to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs).","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124224013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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