Sandra Raposo-García, A. Botana, Verónica Rey, M. C. Louzao, C. Vale, L. Botana
: Paralityc shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a human illness associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood products with the toxins known as saxitoxins and congeners. The PSP syndrome is associated to three groups of toxins: N-sulfocarbamoyl, carbamate and decarbamoyl, produced by dinoflagellates, generally by the genus Gymnodinium , Alexandrium and Pyrodinium . Between 2007 and 2008, episodes of PSPs contaminations in bivalves in Angola were reported. In this work, ten samples were extracted from Semele proficua captured in Luanda Bay and Senilia senilis catched in Mussulo Bay. This samples were analyzed by HPLC and functional electrophysiology in order to detect possible benzoate paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and to determine their activity on sodium channels. These compounds were detected at higher amounts after peroxide oxidation than after periodate oxidation. All the compounds presented STX-like activity at concentrations of 6.996 µ g STX eq/kg. Three of the ten samples showed an unknown peak after 8 min of peroxide oxidation which means that this unknown compound did not affect the functionality of sodium channels in cerebellar granule cells obtained in our laboratory from 7-day old mice.
{"title":"Analytical and Functional Profiles of Paralytic Shellfish Samples Extracted from Semele proficua and Senilia senilis","authors":"Sandra Raposo-García, A. Botana, Verónica Rey, M. C. Louzao, C. Vale, L. Botana","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014020","url":null,"abstract":": Paralityc shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a human illness associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood products with the toxins known as saxitoxins and congeners. The PSP syndrome is associated to three groups of toxins: N-sulfocarbamoyl, carbamate and decarbamoyl, produced by dinoflagellates, generally by the genus Gymnodinium , Alexandrium and Pyrodinium . Between 2007 and 2008, episodes of PSPs contaminations in bivalves in Angola were reported. In this work, ten samples were extracted from Semele proficua captured in Luanda Bay and Senilia senilis catched in Mussulo Bay. This samples were analyzed by HPLC and functional electrophysiology in order to detect possible benzoate paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and to determine their activity on sodium channels. These compounds were detected at higher amounts after peroxide oxidation than after periodate oxidation. All the compounds presented STX-like activity at concentrations of 6.996 µ g STX eq/kg. Three of the ten samples showed an unknown peak after 8 min of peroxide oxidation which means that this unknown compound did not affect the functionality of sodium channels in cerebellar granule cells obtained in our laboratory from 7-day old mice.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116438473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Cao, N. Vilariño, Lisandra de Castro Alves, José Rivas, Y. Piñeiro, Celia Costas, M. C. Louzao, Sandra Raposo-García, L. Botana
: There are many contaminants in water that may damage the health of people and animals, such as naturally occurring cyanotoxins, which have increased their presence in recent years due to climate change and eutrophication. Although water must pass through a treatment station before consumption, none of the treatment methods used are totally effective for the elimination of cyanotoxins. In this study, a complementary method for toxin removal is investigated which consists of using nanostructured beads with a magnetic core coated by an adsorption material. In contact with water, the beads are capable of adsorbing different toxic compounds on their surface and can be easily separated from water, afterwards, by a magnet. Adsorption spheres are prepared with nanostructured magnetite cores coated with activated carbon using sodium alginate as an agglutinating compound. The adsorption capacity of these magnetic beads is assessed with water solutions of microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin, and anatoxin-A. Toxin removal from water is evaluated by quantification using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results show that these activated carbon-coated magnetic beads can remove approximately 20% of microcystin-LR from mili-Q water at concentration levels 60 times higher than the WHO recommended level of 1 µ g/L. With the same conditions, 20 % of cylindrospermopsin is also captured. For anatoxin-A, with a much smaller molecular weight, 70% is removed at a six-fold lower concentration. Toxin removal increases throughout the 2-h duration of the experiments. Microcystin-LR adsorption is affected by pH, with a higher removal at highly acidic or alkaline pHs. In addition, these beads can be regenerated and reused for several adsorption cycles. In summary, activated carbon magnetic beads can be used to remove cyanotoxins from water with varying effectiveness, depending on toxin size and solution pH, and they can be reused for several removal cycles after optimized regeneration protocols.
{"title":"Cyanotoxin Removal from Water Using Activated Carbon Magnetic Beads","authors":"Alejandro Cao, N. Vilariño, Lisandra de Castro Alves, José Rivas, Y. Piñeiro, Celia Costas, M. C. Louzao, Sandra Raposo-García, L. Botana","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014016","url":null,"abstract":": There are many contaminants in water that may damage the health of people and animals, such as naturally occurring cyanotoxins, which have increased their presence in recent years due to climate change and eutrophication. Although water must pass through a treatment station before consumption, none of the treatment methods used are totally effective for the elimination of cyanotoxins. In this study, a complementary method for toxin removal is investigated which consists of using nanostructured beads with a magnetic core coated by an adsorption material. In contact with water, the beads are capable of adsorbing different toxic compounds on their surface and can be easily separated from water, afterwards, by a magnet. Adsorption spheres are prepared with nanostructured magnetite cores coated with activated carbon using sodium alginate as an agglutinating compound. The adsorption capacity of these magnetic beads is assessed with water solutions of microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin, and anatoxin-A. Toxin removal from water is evaluated by quantification using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results show that these activated carbon-coated magnetic beads can remove approximately 20% of microcystin-LR from mili-Q water at concentration levels 60 times higher than the WHO recommended level of 1 µ g/L. With the same conditions, 20 % of cylindrospermopsin is also captured. For anatoxin-A, with a much smaller molecular weight, 70% is removed at a six-fold lower concentration. Toxin removal increases throughout the 2-h duration of the experiments. Microcystin-LR adsorption is affected by pH, with a higher removal at highly acidic or alkaline pHs. In addition, these beads can be regenerated and reused for several adsorption cycles. In summary, activated carbon magnetic beads can be used to remove cyanotoxins from water with varying effectiveness, depending on toxin size and solution pH, and they can be reused for several removal cycles after optimized regeneration protocols.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121272331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Casas-Rodríguez, Leticia Díez-Quijada, A. Prieto, Á. Jos, A. Cameán
: As a consequence of climate change, an increase in the occurrence of in toxin concentrations, in spinach after 3 the differences in the toxin content on the of process versus freezing) and vegetable species. are to the influence of different storage processes on cyanotoxin exposure to these cyanotoxins in a more realistic way.
{"title":"Effects of Refrigeration and Freezing in Cylindrospermopsin and Microcystin Concentrations on Leaves of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) †","authors":"A. Casas-Rodríguez, Leticia Díez-Quijada, A. Prieto, Á. Jos, A. Cameán","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014018","url":null,"abstract":": As a consequence of climate change, an increase in the occurrence of in toxin concentrations, in spinach after 3 the differences in the toxin content on the of process versus freezing) and vegetable species. are to the influence of different storage processes on cyanotoxin exposure to these cyanotoxins in a more realistic way.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"40 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120894076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús M. Gonzalez-Jartin, A. Alfonso, R. Alvariño, Inés Rodríguez-Cañás, M. Vieytes, Y. Piñeiro, Lisandra de Castro, Manuel González, José Rivas, L. Botana
: The presence of contaminants in water may involve a risk to human and animal health. Conventional water treatment methods such as coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation are ineffective for cyanotoxin removal. In addition, high amounts of cyanotoxins can be released during those processes if cells lyse. Thus, new mitigation strategies must be developed to ameliorate the consequences of harmful algal blooms. In this sense, nanotechnology has become a promising tool for the treatment of contaminated water. Several nanomaterials with specific chemical affinities can be combined into hybrid structures, leading to nanostructured agents with a large surface area and with the ability to absorb different contaminants. In addition, these structures can include magnetite, which enables separation from the detoxified substance by magnetic extraction, which is considered a green technique. This approach has been successfully applied to the removal of dyes, endocrine disruptors, and heavy metal ions. Recently, we have described the use of carbon nanoparticles to remove around 60% of microcystins from contaminated solutions, but with a low efficiency in the adsorption of anatoxin-a and cylindrospermopsin. In this work, a new set of biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites were tested using artificially contaminated water. The toxin content in solutions was determined before and after treatment by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). With these new nanocomposites, cyanotoxin elimination was highly improved, reaching toxin removal rates of up 80%. Therefore, the implementation of the nanotechnology in water treatment could be a promising approach to reduce the presence of natural toxins in the water. The research to results from
{"title":"Green Nanotechnology for the Remediation of Cyanotoxins from Contaminated Waters","authors":"Jesús M. Gonzalez-Jartin, A. Alfonso, R. Alvariño, Inés Rodríguez-Cañás, M. Vieytes, Y. Piñeiro, Lisandra de Castro, Manuel González, José Rivas, L. Botana","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014012","url":null,"abstract":": The presence of contaminants in water may involve a risk to human and animal health. Conventional water treatment methods such as coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation are ineffective for cyanotoxin removal. In addition, high amounts of cyanotoxins can be released during those processes if cells lyse. Thus, new mitigation strategies must be developed to ameliorate the consequences of harmful algal blooms. In this sense, nanotechnology has become a promising tool for the treatment of contaminated water. Several nanomaterials with specific chemical affinities can be combined into hybrid structures, leading to nanostructured agents with a large surface area and with the ability to absorb different contaminants. In addition, these structures can include magnetite, which enables separation from the detoxified substance by magnetic extraction, which is considered a green technique. This approach has been successfully applied to the removal of dyes, endocrine disruptors, and heavy metal ions. Recently, we have described the use of carbon nanoparticles to remove around 60% of microcystins from contaminated solutions, but with a low efficiency in the adsorption of anatoxin-a and cylindrospermopsin. In this work, a new set of biocompatible magnetic nanocomposites were tested using artificially contaminated water. The toxin content in solutions was determined before and after treatment by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). With these new nanocomposites, cyanotoxin elimination was highly improved, reaching toxin removal rates of up 80%. Therefore, the implementation of the nanotechnology in water treatment could be a promising approach to reduce the presence of natural toxins in the water. The research to results from","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122906316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Cobo, R. Vieira-Lanero, Sandra Barca, M. D. Cobo, A. Quesada, A. Nasr, Zeinab Bedri, Marcos X. Álvarez-Cid, M. Saberioon, J. Brom, B. Espiña
: Eutrophication of water bodies in Europe is contributing to the increase of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) which pose a serious risk to human health. To address this problem, the AIHABs project will develop an early warning forecasting system to predict the occurrence, spread and fate of cyanotoxins caused by HABs in inland and coastal waters, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the latest innovations in mathematical modelling, nanosensors, and remote sensing. The system predictions will allow timely action to minimise the risks of consuming surface waters or using them as recreational resources when the water bodies are prone to producing toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Following a multi-criteria analysis, two sites with a history of HABs (one in Spain and one in the Czech Republic) were identified as the most suitable inland and coastal water sites for the study. The main criteria for site selection were the availability of the catchment required data for modelling, the strong evidence of historical HABs, the ease of satellite monitoring of water bodies and accessibility for water sampling. Samples will be taken, synchronously with satellite image acquisition, during, before and after algal blooms. In addition, current and historical data from the selected catchments will be included in a prediction model using the MIKE HYDRO River software, and innovative nanosensors will be designed to determine the concentration of cyanotoxins. Finally, an early warning forecasting system will be developed to predict the occurrence, spread and fate of cyanotoxins caused by HABs in water bodies.
{"title":"The AIHABs Project: Towards an Artificial Intelligence-Powered Forecast for Harmful Algal Blooms","authors":"F. Cobo, R. Vieira-Lanero, Sandra Barca, M. D. Cobo, A. Quesada, A. Nasr, Zeinab Bedri, Marcos X. Álvarez-Cid, M. Saberioon, J. Brom, B. Espiña","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014013","url":null,"abstract":": Eutrophication of water bodies in Europe is contributing to the increase of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) which pose a serious risk to human health. To address this problem, the AIHABs project will develop an early warning forecasting system to predict the occurrence, spread and fate of cyanotoxins caused by HABs in inland and coastal waters, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the latest innovations in mathematical modelling, nanosensors, and remote sensing. The system predictions will allow timely action to minimise the risks of consuming surface waters or using them as recreational resources when the water bodies are prone to producing toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Following a multi-criteria analysis, two sites with a history of HABs (one in Spain and one in the Czech Republic) were identified as the most suitable inland and coastal water sites for the study. The main criteria for site selection were the availability of the catchment required data for modelling, the strong evidence of historical HABs, the ease of satellite monitoring of water bodies and accessibility for water sampling. Samples will be taken, synchronously with satellite image acquisition, during, before and after algal blooms. In addition, current and historical data from the selected catchments will be included in a prediction model using the MIKE HYDRO River software, and innovative nanosensors will be designed to determine the concentration of cyanotoxins. Finally, an early warning forecasting system will be developed to predict the occurrence, spread and fate of cyanotoxins caused by HABs in water bodies.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130636719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Alvariño, A. Alfonso, S. O’Brien, Jesús M. Gonzalez-Jartin, Nadia Pérez-Fuentes, Sandra Gegunde, Brian Kennedy, O. Thomas, L. Botana
: Oxidative stress is a common pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and produces a reduction in endogenous antioxidant systems efficiency, with a consequent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. This un-balance among protecting and damaging molecules impairs neuronal function, even causing cell death. Therefore, the search for new drugs with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects is a great challenge. In this work, the bioactivity of three new cyclopeptides (1–3), isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcoleus autumnalis , was tested in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. This species is a prolific source of bioactive metabolites, anatoxin being the best-characterized molecule due to its neurotoxicity. In this context, cytotoxicity of compounds was firstly analyzed. None of the M. autumnalis metabolites induced toxic effects up to 50 µ M after 24 h of incubation. In view of the lack of neurotoxicity produced by compounds 1–3, their antioxidant and neuroprotective ability was analyzed. With this objective, SH-SY5Y cells were co-treated with compounds (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 µ M) and 150 µ M H 2 O 2 for 6 h. The effect of compounds 1–3 on cell viability under oxidative stress conditions was determined, finding that the three compounds were able to protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage. Next, mitochondrial function was evaluated by monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential. In this assay, only compound 3 recovered the organelles from the depolarization generated by H 2 O 2 . Finally, intracellular ROS content was assessed, observing that 1–3 decreased the levels of these harmful molecules. In conclusion, M. autumnalis cyclopeptides presented neuroprotective effects mainly mediated by their ability to reduce ROS levels. These results suggest that compounds 1–3 act as direct antioxidants and could be interesting compounds for further studies in neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Microcoleus autumnalis Cyclopeptides Present Protective Properties against Oxidative Stress","authors":"R. Alvariño, A. Alfonso, S. O’Brien, Jesús M. Gonzalez-Jartin, Nadia Pérez-Fuentes, Sandra Gegunde, Brian Kennedy, O. Thomas, L. Botana","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014017","url":null,"abstract":": Oxidative stress is a common pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Aging leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and produces a reduction in endogenous antioxidant systems efficiency, with a consequent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. This un-balance among protecting and damaging molecules impairs neuronal function, even causing cell death. Therefore, the search for new drugs with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects is a great challenge. In this work, the bioactivity of three new cyclopeptides (1–3), isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcoleus autumnalis , was tested in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. This species is a prolific source of bioactive metabolites, anatoxin being the best-characterized molecule due to its neurotoxicity. In this context, cytotoxicity of compounds was firstly analyzed. None of the M. autumnalis metabolites induced toxic effects up to 50 µ M after 24 h of incubation. In view of the lack of neurotoxicity produced by compounds 1–3, their antioxidant and neuroprotective ability was analyzed. With this objective, SH-SY5Y cells were co-treated with compounds (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 µ M) and 150 µ M H 2 O 2 for 6 h. The effect of compounds 1–3 on cell viability under oxidative stress conditions was determined, finding that the three compounds were able to protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage. Next, mitochondrial function was evaluated by monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential. In this assay, only compound 3 recovered the organelles from the depolarization generated by H 2 O 2 . Finally, intracellular ROS content was assessed, observing that 1–3 decreased the levels of these harmful molecules. In conclusion, M. autumnalis cyclopeptides presented neuroprotective effects mainly mediated by their ability to reduce ROS levels. These results suggest that compounds 1–3 act as direct antioxidants and could be interesting compounds for further studies in neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116060367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The first evidence of cyanotoxins production came from planktonic species, and for a long time planktonic species and blooms were the focus of most toxicological studies. The toxicity of benthic species, and its consequences, has also been known from the very beginning. Still, in the last years, a huge amount of data has been gathered worldwide reinforcing the potential importance of cyanotoxins in benthic community dynamics, their role in modelling the physiognomy of aquatic systems, and the associated potential risks for human populations, especially in a climate change scenario. Cyanobacteria can develop in almost any possible habitat, natural or man-made, representing a potential hazard, but concentrations in benthos are usually very low, minimizing risks of sporadic human exposures. The importance of Cyanobacteria in the food webs of several aquatic systems has been highlighted lately as they may represent a very important food resource during different adverse environmental conditions, opening questions on the timing of toxin production or the effectiveness of detoxification methods of aquatic consumers. Furthermore, microalgae food and supplements have become very popular lately, and their regular consumption may represent a real risk when they contain Cyanobacteria and the presence of toxins is not analyzed. The globalization of markets eases the acquisition of products from everywhere, but there is no clear international legislation to protect consumers.
{"title":"Cyanotoxins beyond Plankton and Lacustrine Environments †","authors":"M. Aboal","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014011","url":null,"abstract":": The first evidence of cyanotoxins production came from planktonic species, and for a long time planktonic species and blooms were the focus of most toxicological studies. The toxicity of benthic species, and its consequences, has also been known from the very beginning. Still, in the last years, a huge amount of data has been gathered worldwide reinforcing the potential importance of cyanotoxins in benthic community dynamics, their role in modelling the physiognomy of aquatic systems, and the associated potential risks for human populations, especially in a climate change scenario. Cyanobacteria can develop in almost any possible habitat, natural or man-made, representing a potential hazard, but concentrations in benthos are usually very low, minimizing risks of sporadic human exposures. The importance of Cyanobacteria in the food webs of several aquatic systems has been highlighted lately as they may represent a very important food resource during different adverse environmental conditions, opening questions on the timing of toxin production or the effectiveness of detoxification methods of aquatic consumers. Furthermore, microalgae food and supplements have become very popular lately, and their regular consumption may represent a real risk when they contain Cyanobacteria and the presence of toxins is not analyzed. The globalization of markets eases the acquisition of products from everywhere, but there is no clear international legislation to protect consumers.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127041199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catarina I. Gonçalves, S. Pereira, M. Preto, V. Vasconcelos, Elisabete R. Silva, J. Almeida
: Marine biofouling is defined as the undesirable colonization of submerged man-made surfaces by fouling organisms (microfoulers and macrofoulers) and represents a major economic nuisance for maritime industries worldwide on account of the drag friction increase on ships’ hulls resulting in the over-consumption of fuel and high maintenance costs. The most commonly used strategy to prevent marine biofouling is based on antifouling (AF) paints containing bioactive compounds. However, some of the AF compounds used have been found to be toxic towards target and non-target organisms, which raises many environmental issues. Thus, the development of new eco-friendly AF agents has been a priority. Portoamides (PAs), natural cyclic dodecapeptides isolated in our group from the cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. LEGE 05292 from the Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC), have shown strong potential as a more sustainable active ingredient in AF compositions. These PAs showed high effectiveness in the prevention of mussel larvae settlement (EC50 = 3.16 µ M), and also bioactivity towards growth and biofilm disruption of marine biofouling bacterial strains, while not showing toxicity towards both target and non-target species. Considering the great potential of these natural products in the field of antifouling solutions, in this work, the incorporation of the PAs in commercial polyurethane and silicone (PDMS)-based marine coatings, followed by a proof-of-concept test in real sea conditions (Leix õ es Port), was carried out to demonstrate their industrial applicability. The in situ test showed effectiveness in the ability to prevent the colonization of fouling organisms on substrates coated with PAs-based marine coating when compared with control, and even compared with the commercial biocide Econea. These results highlight the potential of natural products as active ingredients in new more environmentally friendly marine coatings to prevent biofouling.
海洋生物污垢被定义为污垢生物(微污垢和大污垢)在水下人造表面的不受欢迎的殖民化。由于船体阻力摩擦增加导致燃料过度消耗和高维护成本，海洋生物污垢对全球海事工业来说是一个主要的经济麻烦。防止海洋生物污染最常用的策略是使用含有生物活性化合物的防污涂料。然而，一些使用的AF化合物被发现对靶生物和非靶生物都有毒性，这引起了许多环境问题。因此，开发新的环保型AF试剂已成为当务之急。Portoamides (PAs)是我们从蓝色生物技术和生态毒理学培养收集(LEGE- cc)的蓝藻Phormidium sp. LEGE 05292中分离到的天然环十二肽，已经显示出作为AF组合物中更可持续的活性成分的强大潜力。这些PAs在防止贻贝幼虫沉降(EC50 = 3.16µM)方面表现出很高的有效性，并且对海洋生物污染细菌菌株的生长和生物膜破坏具有生物活性，而对目标和非目标物种均无毒性。考虑到这些天然产品在防污解决方案领域的巨大潜力，在这项工作中，将PAs掺入商用聚氨酯和有机硅(PDMS)基船舶涂料中，然后在实际海况下进行概念验证测试(Leix õ es Port)，以证明其工业适用性。原位试验表明，与对照相比，甚至与商业杀菌剂Econea相比，在防止污染生物在涂有pas基海洋涂层的基质上定植的能力上都是有效的。这些结果突出了天然产物作为新型更环保的海洋涂料的活性成分的潜力，以防止生物污染。
{"title":"Cyanobacteria as a Source of Eco-Friendly Bioactive Ingredients for Antifouling Marine Coatings","authors":"Catarina I. Gonçalves, S. Pereira, M. Preto, V. Vasconcelos, Elisabete R. Silva, J. Almeida","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014015","url":null,"abstract":": Marine biofouling is defined as the undesirable colonization of submerged man-made surfaces by fouling organisms (microfoulers and macrofoulers) and represents a major economic nuisance for maritime industries worldwide on account of the drag friction increase on ships’ hulls resulting in the over-consumption of fuel and high maintenance costs. The most commonly used strategy to prevent marine biofouling is based on antifouling (AF) paints containing bioactive compounds. However, some of the AF compounds used have been found to be toxic towards target and non-target organisms, which raises many environmental issues. Thus, the development of new eco-friendly AF agents has been a priority. Portoamides (PAs), natural cyclic dodecapeptides isolated in our group from the cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. LEGE 05292 from the Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC), have shown strong potential as a more sustainable active ingredient in AF compositions. These PAs showed high effectiveness in the prevention of mussel larvae settlement (EC50 = 3.16 µ M), and also bioactivity towards growth and biofilm disruption of marine biofouling bacterial strains, while not showing toxicity towards both target and non-target species. Considering the great potential of these natural products in the field of antifouling solutions, in this work, the incorporation of the PAs in commercial polyurethane and silicone (PDMS)-based marine coatings, followed by a proof-of-concept test in real sea conditions (Leix õ es Port), was carried out to demonstrate their industrial applicability. The in situ test showed effectiveness in the ability to prevent the colonization of fouling organisms on substrates coated with PAs-based marine coating when compared with control, and even compared with the commercial biocide Econea. These results highlight the potential of natural products as active ingredients in new more environmentally friendly marine coatings to prevent biofouling.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133091250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Jos, A. Casas-Rodríguez, C. Plata-Calzado, Leticia Díez-Quijada, C. Medrano-Padial, M. Puerto, A. Prieto, A. Cameán
: The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins production are increasing phenomena reported worldwide. Cyanotoxins, secondary metabolites of different cyanobacterial species, are considered a potential hazard that can become a risk for human and environmental health after exposure. Global changes (rising temperatures, eutrophication due to human activities, etc.) favour their appearance leading to increased exposures and, consequently, risks. In order to avoid their negative impacts, the World Health Organization has established provisional drinking-water and recreational-water guideline values, and different countries have implemented limits in their regulations. However, these limits are not enough taking into account the increasing number of known cyanotoxins. Also, the establishment of these legal limits is hampered by the gaps in the knowledge of their toxicological profiles. Thus, this work aimed to establish the state of the art on the human toxicity of cyanotoxins (mainly microcystins, cylindrospermopsin and anaxotin-A) and to shed light on aspects not completely elucidated, such as target organ toxicity, immunotoxicity or genotoxicity.
{"title":"Novel Toxicity Aspects of Cyanotoxins †","authors":"Á. Jos, A. Casas-Rodríguez, C. Plata-Calzado, Leticia Díez-Quijada, C. Medrano-Padial, M. Puerto, A. Prieto, A. Cameán","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014010","url":null,"abstract":": The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins production are increasing phenomena reported worldwide. Cyanotoxins, secondary metabolites of different cyanobacterial species, are considered a potential hazard that can become a risk for human and environmental health after exposure. Global changes (rising temperatures, eutrophication due to human activities, etc.) favour their appearance leading to increased exposures and, consequently, risks. In order to avoid their negative impacts, the World Health Organization has established provisional drinking-water and recreational-water guideline values, and different countries have implemented limits in their regulations. However, these limits are not enough taking into account the increasing number of known cyanotoxins. Also, the establishment of these legal limits is hampered by the gaps in the knowledge of their toxicological profiles. Thus, this work aimed to establish the state of the art on the human toxicity of cyanotoxins (mainly microcystins, cylindrospermopsin and anaxotin-A) and to shed light on aspects not completely elucidated, such as target organ toxicity, immunotoxicity or genotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116893630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebeca Pérez-González, X. Sòria-Perpinyà, J. Soria, M. D. Sendra, E. Vicente
: The growing need for water supply, because of the massive population growth, causes continuous problems. Water is subjected to great pressures, diminishing its quality and affecting the flora and fauna that depend directly or indirectly on it, as well as humans. These aspects increase the cost of its treatment or the loss of water bodies for human consumption. One of the main problems that appear in inland water bodies is nutrient enrichment, which is associated with problems of eutrophication or even hypertrophy, which can cause massive blooms of cyanobacteria, altering or destroying aquatic ecosystems. This work focuses on the study of different physicochemical variables of inland water bodies in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula in the Ebro river basin, such as temperature, residence time, pH, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates, silicates and phycocyanin, in order to establish a relationship with cyanobacterial biovolumes and how they affect their proliferation. These variables were analyzed in the laboratory in order to, subsequently, carry out a correlation between variables and a multistatistical analysis of components. On the other hand, remote sensing was used by applying a previously developed algorithm to evaluate phycocyanin concentrations and compare them with in situ measurements. This provided significant correlations between the temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and residence time according to the biovolume of cyanobacteria; we also obtained a negative correlation, for example, in the case of silicates. The results showed alarming levels of cyanobacteria in a large part of the reservoirs, which should be studied due to the danger associated with the possible appearance of cyanotoxins.
{"title":"Effects of Physicochemical Variables on the Cyanobacteria Biovolume in Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Rebeca Pérez-González, X. Sòria-Perpinyà, J. Soria, M. D. Sendra, E. Vicente","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022014019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014019","url":null,"abstract":": The growing need for water supply, because of the massive population growth, causes continuous problems. Water is subjected to great pressures, diminishing its quality and affecting the flora and fauna that depend directly or indirectly on it, as well as humans. These aspects increase the cost of its treatment or the loss of water bodies for human consumption. One of the main problems that appear in inland water bodies is nutrient enrichment, which is associated with problems of eutrophication or even hypertrophy, which can cause massive blooms of cyanobacteria, altering or destroying aquatic ecosystems. This work focuses on the study of different physicochemical variables of inland water bodies in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula in the Ebro river basin, such as temperature, residence time, pH, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates, silicates and phycocyanin, in order to establish a relationship with cyanobacterial biovolumes and how they affect their proliferation. These variables were analyzed in the laboratory in order to, subsequently, carry out a correlation between variables and a multistatistical analysis of components. On the other hand, remote sensing was used by applying a previously developed algorithm to evaluate phycocyanin concentrations and compare them with in situ measurements. This provided significant correlations between the temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and residence time according to the biovolume of cyanobacteria; we also obtained a negative correlation, for example, in the case of silicates. The results showed alarming levels of cyanobacteria in a large part of the reservoirs, which should be studied due to the danger associated with the possible appearance of cyanotoxins.","PeriodicalId":198127,"journal":{"name":"The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130473140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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