Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i02.260
Soban Khan, Zaid Waqar, Maryam Khalil, Bushra Khalid, Sajid Ali, Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Adil
The condition known as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is among the most disabling examples of a cancer's remote effects. Serology for paraneoplastic antibodies, clinical suspicion, and a targeted search for malignancy all play a role in the diagnosis. Tests for neuronal autoantibodies aid in diagnosis and point the way for the search for malignancy. Unfortunately, even with an early diagnosis, existing therapeutic approaches only have little success. Here we present the case of a young male who developed cerebellar syndrome secondary to rectal neoplasia.
{"title":"Cerebellar manifestation secondary to rectal neoplasia","authors":"Soban Khan, Zaid Waqar, Maryam Khalil, Bushra Khalid, Sajid Ali, Ijaz Ali, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Adil","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i02.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i02.260","url":null,"abstract":"The condition known as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is among the most disabling examples of a cancer's remote effects. Serology for paraneoplastic antibodies, clinical suspicion, and a targeted search for malignancy all play a role in the diagnosis. Tests for neuronal autoantibodies aid in diagnosis and point the way for the search for malignancy. Unfortunately, even with an early diagnosis, existing therapeutic approaches only have little success. Here we present the case of a young male who developed cerebellar syndrome secondary to rectal neoplasia.","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i02.270
None Adnan, Rahul Agia
,
{"title":"Lack of stroke care centers in Sindh","authors":"None Adnan, Rahul Agia","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i02.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i02.270","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i02.274
None Abdul Malik, None Sabrina Khan, None Mohammad Wasay, None Aziz Sonawalla, None Samaira Younis, None Faisal Mohammad Amin
{"title":"National guidelines for the treatment of common headache disorders in Pakistan","authors":"None Abdul Malik, None Sabrina Khan, None Mohammad Wasay, None Aziz Sonawalla, None Samaira Younis, None Faisal Mohammad Amin","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i02.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i02.274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Choline is an essential nutrient related to vitamin B complex activity. It can be received through different food sources. It is an important component of acetylcholine which is involved in different brain functions. The present study is designed to assess the behavioral effects of choline chloride in animal models. Methods: This case-control study was performed in the Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University, Karachi for eight months from May 2022 to December 2022. Twenty-four adult male albino Wister rats were divided into four groups, one control and three test groups. Choline chloride dissolved in saline was given intraperitoneally at 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml to the test groups respectively, and saline was given to the control animals for two weeks. Memory and depression-like symptoms were monitored. Morris water maze and brain acetylcholine levels were used for memory functions and force swimming test was performed to monitor depression-like symptoms. Results: The present study showed significantly improving memory functions and increase in immobility time exhibited by choline-treated rats indicating depression-like symptoms in rats. The present investigation also shows that serum level as well as glucose level increase in dose dependent manners. Increased depression-like symptoms may be attributed due to onset of diabetes or increased glucose concentration. Conclusion: In conclusion choline administration at different doses (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 100mg/ml) produces behavioral and biochemical effects in rats.
{"title":"Neurobehavioral and biochemical effects of choline chloride administration in rats","authors":"None Lubna Anis, Irfan Sajid, None Shoaib Ahmad, None Saida Haider","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i02.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i02.233","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: \u0000Choline is an essential nutrient related to vitamin B complex activity. It can be received through different food sources. It is an important component of acetylcholine which is involved in different brain functions. The present study is designed to assess the behavioral effects of choline chloride in animal models. \u0000Methods: \u0000This case-control study was performed in the Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University, Karachi for eight months from May 2022 to December 2022. Twenty-four adult male albino Wister rats were divided into four groups, one control and three test groups. Choline chloride dissolved in saline was given intraperitoneally at 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml to the test groups respectively, and saline was given to the control animals for two weeks. Memory and depression-like symptoms were monitored. Morris water maze and brain acetylcholine levels were used for memory functions and force swimming test was performed to monitor depression-like symptoms. \u0000Results: \u0000The present study showed significantly improving memory functions and increase in immobility time exhibited by choline-treated rats indicating depression-like symptoms in rats. The present investigation also shows that serum level as well as glucose level increase in dose dependent manners. Increased depression-like symptoms may be attributed due to onset of diabetes or increased glucose concentration. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000In conclusion choline administration at different doses (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 100mg/ml) produces behavioral and biochemical effects in rats.","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i01.249
M. Wasay, S. Younis, A. Malik, A. Sherin
{"title":"World health organization intersectoral global action plan (WHO-IGAP); implications and impact on neurological care in Pakistan","authors":"M. Wasay, S. Younis, A. Malik, A. Sherin","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i01.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i01.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90909602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i01.232
Thirugnanam Umapathi
{"title":"Evidence based medicine should apply equally to resource-limited settings","authors":"Thirugnanam Umapathi","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i01.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i01.232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90306360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i01.208
Syeda Aqeela Zehra, J. Khan, Marium Rafiq, Kinza Ansari, Shabina Iqbal, Faiza Nafees, Syed Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi
Background and objective: Addiction to social networking sites (SNSs) is their unhealthy use that interferes with daily functionality and results in unwanted outcomes. This study investigates the prevalence and intensity as well as the impact of SNSs addiction on the daily routine among young undergraduate students. In addition, it evaluates the relationship between psychological suffering and SNSs addiction. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of Karachi, Pakistan from January to June 2022. Data was collected using non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used, compiled from two validated questionnaires, Young’s internet addiction (YIA) test and Depression-Anxiety-Stress scale (DASS 21). The SPSS software version 25.0 was used to analyze the collected data. In the 95% confidence interval, statistical analysis was set at a p-value of 0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance. Results: Total 40.7% undergraduate students were found to have no internet addiction, followed by 34.3% mildly, 21.0% moderately and only 4% students severely addicted. Around 28% young undergraduate students were suffering from extremely severe depression (DASS score 28+) followed by 24.0% with moderate (DASS score 14-20), 14.0 % with severe (DASS score 21-27) and 13.7 % with mild depression (DASS score 10-13), while 20.3 % were found not depressed (DASS score 0-9). Mean age of 21 years was found to be consistent for having internet addiction and depression both. Cross study of internet addiction shows highly suggestive behavior with depression (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Social networking sites addiction is found to be a major contributing factor for depression in young undergraduate students. Out of all the aspects of life, education is found to be the most severely affected domain of life among students with SNS addiction.
{"title":"Assessment of social media addiction and its link to psychological distress: A comparative study on undergraduate students","authors":"Syeda Aqeela Zehra, J. Khan, Marium Rafiq, Kinza Ansari, Shabina Iqbal, Faiza Nafees, Syed Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i01.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i01.208","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: \u0000Addiction to social networking sites (SNSs) is their unhealthy use that interferes with daily functionality and results in unwanted outcomes. This study investigates the prevalence and intensity as well as the impact of SNSs addiction on the daily routine among young undergraduate students. In addition, it evaluates the relationship between psychological suffering and SNSs addiction. \u0000Methods: \u0000A cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of Karachi, Pakistan from January to June 2022. Data was collected using non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used, compiled from two validated questionnaires, Young’s internet addiction (YIA) test and Depression-Anxiety-Stress scale (DASS 21). The SPSS software version 25.0 was used to analyze the collected data. In the 95% confidence interval, statistical analysis was set at a p-value of 0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance. \u0000Results: Total 40.7% undergraduate students were found to have no internet addiction, followed by 34.3% mildly, 21.0% moderately and only 4% students severely addicted. Around 28% young undergraduate students were suffering from extremely severe depression (DASS score 28+) followed by 24.0% with moderate (DASS score 14-20), 14.0 % with severe (DASS score 21-27) and 13.7 % with mild depression (DASS score 10-13), while 20.3 % were found not depressed (DASS score 0-9). Mean age of 21 years was found to be consistent for having internet addiction and depression both. Cross study of internet addiction shows highly suggestive behavior with depression (p < 0.01). \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Social networking sites addiction is found to be a major contributing factor for depression in young undergraduate students. Out of all the aspects of life, education is found to be the most severely affected domain of life among students with SNS addiction.","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83348797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i01.213
Amina Sadiqa, Usama Hayyan, Zaid Waqar, T. Pasha
Dengue fever is a febrile illness caused by an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It occurs as aseasonal epidemic every year in Pakistan. Apart from febrile illness and its associated hemorrhagic complication,dengue fever is associated with multi-system involvement and their respective complications, including myriadneurological complications. In this case report we describe two patients who developed acute viral myositis.
{"title":"Myositis as a complication of dengue viral infection","authors":"Amina Sadiqa, Usama Hayyan, Zaid Waqar, T. Pasha","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i01.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i01.213","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever is a febrile illness caused by an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It occurs as aseasonal epidemic every year in Pakistan. Apart from febrile illness and its associated hemorrhagic complication,dengue fever is associated with multi-system involvement and their respective complications, including myriadneurological complications. In this case report we describe two patients who developed acute viral myositis.","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91332330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i01.224
H. Rajput, Zahid Hussain Mir, Muhammad Fateen Rashed, Fiza Batool Almosvi, Mazhar Badshah
Background and Objective: Migraine is a common headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headaches which are usually unilateral. Migraine is the second most common headache disorder after tension-type headache. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of tension-type headache in patients with migraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad for a period of six months between 1st July 2018 and 31st December 2018. This study enrolled patients above the age of 12 years that were diagnosed with “Migraine without aura” or “Migraine with aura”. The patients were subsequently asked for presence of features of tension-type headache. The criteria published by International Headache Society, ICHD-3 was used for making the diagnosis of migraine and tension-type headache. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. In the case of numerical variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated. In the case of categorical variables, the frequency and percentage were calculated. All data were presented in tables and figures. Results: One-hundred-forty-two patients participated in the study. The age range was between 14 and 72 years. The mean age was 30.12 years. Female patients were 76.1 percent. Eighty patients were married, and 15.5 percent patients did not receive education; 72.5 percent patients were from urban background. Seventy-five (52.8%) patients had migraine with aura while 67 (47.2%) patients had migraine without aura. Twenty-nine (20.4%) patients of migraine had coexistent tension-type headache while 113 (79.6%) patients of migraine did not have tension-type headache. Conclusion: Tension type headache was an infrequent finding in our study population of migraine patients.
背景和目的:偏头痛是一种常见的头痛疾病，其特征是反复发作的中度至重度头痛，通常是单侧的。偏头痛是紧张性头痛之后第二常见的头痛疾病。本研究的目的是确定偏头痛患者紧张性头痛的频率。方法:本横断面研究于2018年7月1日至2018年12月31日在伊斯兰堡巴基斯坦医学科学研究所进行，为期6个月。这项研究招募了12岁以上被诊断为“无先兆偏头痛”或“有先兆偏头痛”的患者。随后询问患者是否有紧张性头痛的特征。采用国际头痛学会发布的标准ICHD-3诊断偏头痛和紧张性头痛。数据采用SPSS version 17进行分析。在数值变量的情况下，计算平均值和标准差。对于分类变量，计算频率和百分比。所有数据均以表格和图表的形式呈现。结果:142例患者参与了研究。年龄范围在14岁到72岁之间。平均年龄30.12岁。女性占76.1%。80例患者已婚，15.5%患者未接受过教育;72.5%的患者来自城市背景。有先兆偏头痛75例(52.8%)，无先兆偏头痛67例(47.2%)。29例(20.4%)偏头痛患者同时存在紧张性头痛，113例(79.6%)偏头痛患者不存在紧张性头痛。结论:紧张性头痛在我们研究的偏头痛患者中并不常见。
{"title":"Frequency of tension-type headache in patients with migraine: A single-center cross-sectional study","authors":"H. Rajput, Zahid Hussain Mir, Muhammad Fateen Rashed, Fiza Batool Almosvi, Mazhar Badshah","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i01.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i01.224","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: \u0000Migraine is a common headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headaches which are usually unilateral. Migraine is the second most common headache disorder after tension-type headache. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of tension-type headache in patients with migraine. \u0000Methods: \u0000This cross-sectional study was carried out at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad for a period of six months between 1st July 2018 and 31st December 2018. This study enrolled patients above the age of 12 years that were diagnosed with “Migraine without aura” or “Migraine with aura”. The patients were subsequently asked for presence of features of tension-type headache. The criteria published by International Headache Society, ICHD-3 was used for making the diagnosis of migraine and tension-type headache. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. In the case of numerical variables, the mean and standard deviation were calculated. In the case of categorical variables, the frequency and percentage were calculated. All data were presented in tables and figures. \u0000Results: \u0000One-hundred-forty-two patients participated in the study. The age range was between 14 and 72 years. The mean age was 30.12 years. Female patients were 76.1 percent. Eighty patients were married, and 15.5 percent patients did not receive education; 72.5 percent patients were from urban background. Seventy-five (52.8%) patients had migraine with aura while 67 (47.2%) patients had migraine without aura. Twenty-nine (20.4%) patients of migraine had coexistent tension-type headache while 113 (79.6%) patients of migraine did not have tension-type headache. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Tension type headache was an infrequent finding in our study population of migraine patients.","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77466777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.56310/pjns.v18i01.217
Zaid Waqar, Amina Sadiqa, Soban Khan, Muhammad Annas Farooq, Zeeshan Munawar, Maryam Khalil, Adil Awan
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare cause of rapidly progressive dementia, it is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the misfolding of prion proteins in the brain, and misfolded proteins further propagate by causing misfolding of other proteins. It presents with insidious onset of neurobehavioral symptoms that rapidly develop into cognitive and motor decline and uncontrolled seizures. The diagnosis is established with help of clinical signs and symptoms, and using imaging and lab investigations to rule out other treatable causes. Some imaging findings point to the diagnosis of CJD that will be viewed in the cases below. Diagnoses can be augmented by CSF studies but due to the risk of biohazard and spread of CJD, special care needs to be taken. Confirmation is only via brain biopsy. In this article we share our experience with four cases of CJD that presented to our hospital.
{"title":"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease experience in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital: A case series","authors":"Zaid Waqar, Amina Sadiqa, Soban Khan, Muhammad Annas Farooq, Zeeshan Munawar, Maryam Khalil, Adil Awan","doi":"10.56310/pjns.v18i01.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56310/pjns.v18i01.217","url":null,"abstract":"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare cause of rapidly progressive dementia, it is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the misfolding of prion proteins in the brain, and misfolded proteins further propagate by causing misfolding of other proteins. It presents with insidious onset of neurobehavioral symptoms that rapidly develop into cognitive and motor decline and uncontrolled seizures. The diagnosis is established with help of clinical signs and symptoms, and using imaging and lab investigations to rule out other treatable causes. Some imaging findings point to the diagnosis of CJD that will be viewed in the cases below. Diagnoses can be augmented by CSF studies but due to the risk of biohazard and spread of CJD, special care needs to be taken. Confirmation is only via brain biopsy. In this article we share our experience with four cases of CJD that presented to our hospital.","PeriodicalId":19818,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80569559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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